HomeMy WebLinkAboutAppendix E -United States Department of Agriculture - Natural Resources Conservation Service Soil Survey ReportAppendix F
United States Department of Agriculture /
Natural Resources Conservation Service Soil Survey Report
United States
Department of
Agriculture
Soil
Conservation
Service
In cooperation with
University of Florida,
Institute of Food and
Agricultural Sciences,
Agricultural Experiment Stations,
and Soil Science Department,
and Florida Department of
Agriculture and
Consumer Services
Soil Survey of
Indian River
County,
Florida
HOW TO USE
Locate your spree of interest on "
1 the ''Index to Map Sheets"
1
� S I
3
I jl
j Note the number of the map
-- -- sheet and turn to that sheet.
Locate your area of interest
• on the map sheet.
-001
` 151C
134A l
560 27C
66B l31B
134A� 1 ) 1488
Symbols
27c
568
131B
-134A
�148B
151C
THIS SOIL SURVEY
Turn to '•index to Soil Map Units"
5. which lists the name of each map unit and the
page where, that map unit is described.
Sea "Summary of Tablas" (following the
Contents) for location of additional data dW�--+r
• on a specific sail use.
Consult "Contents" for parts of the publication that will meet your specific needs.
This survey contains useful information for farmers or ranchers. foresters or
7, agrono►nists, for planners, community decision makers, engineers, developers,
builders, or homebuyers; for conservationists. recreationists, teachers. or
students; to spec laIIsts in wildlife management, waste disposal, or pollutian c6nIro1.
This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a
joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other federal
agencies, state agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and
local agencies. The Soil Conservation Service has leadership for the federal
part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. In line with Department of
Agriculture policies, benefits of this program are available to all, regardless of
race, color, national origin, sex, religion, marital status, or age.
Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in 1984. Soil names and
descriptions were approved in 1984. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in
this publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 1984. This soil survey
was made cooperatively by the Soil Conservation Service; the University of
Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural Experiment
Stations, and Soil Science Department; and the Florida Department of
Agriculture and Consumer Services. It is part of the technical assistance
furnished to the Indian River Soil and Water Conservation District. The Indian
River County Board of Commissioners contributed financially to accelerate the
completion of the fieldwork for this survey.
Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of
these maps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping.
If enlarged, maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could
have been shown at a larger scale.
This survey supersedes the Indian River Area soil survey published in 1913.
Cover: The Indian River Is separated from the Atlantic Ocean by a barrier Island that Is
broken only by Inlets. The river serves as a transportation artery and has many recreational
uses.
Contents
Indexto map units ........................................................
iv
Soil properties...............................................................
79
Summary of tables........................................................
v
Engineering index properties......................................
79
Foreword.........................................................................
vii
Physical and chemical properties..............................
80
General nature of the survey area ................................
1
Soil and water features ...............................................
81
How this survey was made ............................................
7
Physical, chemical, and mineralogical analyses of
Map unit composition ..................................................
8
selected soils ........................................................
84
General soil map units
9
Engineering index test data ........................................
86
.................................................
Detailed soil map units .................. ••••••................••••
21
Classification of the soils ............................................
Soil series and their morphology
p gy"""""""""' """"' "' '
87
87
g .............
Use and management of the soils ...............
65
Formation of the soils..................................................
117
Crops and pasture.......................................................
65
Factors of soil formation.............................................
117
Rangeland....................................................................
68
Processes of soil formation ........................................
119
Woodland management and productivity .................
70
Geology........................................................................
120
Recreation....................................................................
72
References.....................................................................
123
Wildlifehabitat.............................................................
73
Glossary..........................................................................
125
Engineering............................................. .....................
74
Tables..............................................................................
133
Soil Series
Archbold series................................................................
87
McKee series ...................................................................
103
Astatulaseries.................................................................
88
Myakka series ..................................................................
104
Bocaseries......................................................................
88
Oldsmar series .................................................................
104
Canaveral series..............................................................
89
Orsino series ....................................................................
105
Canova series..................................................................
90
Palm Beach series ..........................................................
106
Captivaseries..................................................................
91
Paola series.....................................................................
107
Chobeeseries..................................................................
91
Pepper series ...................................................................
107
Delray series....................................................................
92
Perrine Variant.................................................................
108
EauGallie series...............................................................
93
Pineda series...................................................................
109
Electra series...................................................................
94
Pomello series .................................................................
109
Floridana series...............................................................
95
Pompano series ...............................................................
110
Gatorseries.....................................................................
96
Riomar series ...................................................................
111
Holopaw series................................................................
97
Riviera series ...................................................................
111
Immokalee series............................................................
98
Samsula series................................................................
112
Jonathan series...............................................................
99
Satellite series.................................................................
113
Jupiter series....................................................................
99
St. Augustine series........................................................
113
Kessonseries..................................................................
100
St. Lucie series ................................................................
114
Lokosee series................................................................
100
Terra Ceia series.............................................................
114
Malabarseries.................................................................
101
Wabasso series...............................................................
115
Manatee series................................................................
102
Winder series ...................................................................
116
Issued January 1987
Index to Map Units
1—Canaveral fine sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes.........
2—Chobee loamy fine sand .........................................
3—EauGallie fine sand .................................................
4—Immokalee fine sand ...............................................
5—Myakka fine sand ....................................................
6—Oldsmar fine sand ...................................................
7—Palm Beach sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes .............
8—Paola sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes ........................
9—Pepper sand.............................................................
10—Riviera fine sand ......................................................
11—St. Lucie sand, 0 to 8 percent slopes ...................
12—Archbold sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes ..................
13—Wabasso fine sand .................................................
14—Winder fine sand .....................................................
15—Manatee loamy fine sand .......................................
16—Pineda fine sand ......................................................
17—Ouartzipsamments, 0 to 5 percent slopes...........
18—Captiva fine sand ....................................................
20—Beaches...................................................................
21—Pomello sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes ....................
22—Urban land................................................................
23—Arents, 0 to 5 percent slopes ................................
•24—Floridana sand .........................................................
25—St. Augustine sand ..................................................
26—St. Augustine fine sand, organic substratum .......
27—Boca-Urban land complex ......................................
28—EauGallie-Urban land complex ..............................
29—Immokalee-Urban land complex ............................
31—Jupiter fine sand ......................................................
21
32—Jonathan sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes ..................
41
22
33—Astatula
sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes ....................
42
22
34—Satellite
fine sand ....................................................
43
23
35—McKee
mucky clay loam ........................................
43
24
36—Boca
fine sand ........................................................
45
25
39—Malabar
fine sand ...................................................
45
25
40—Gator muck..............................................................
46
27
41—Canova muck...........................................................
47
28
42—Terra
Ceia muck ......................................................
48
28
44—Perrine
Variant fine sandy loam ............................
49
30
45—Myakka
fine sand, depressional ............................
50
30
46—Orsino fine sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes ...............
50
31
47—Holopaw
fine sand ..................................................
51
32
48—Electra sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes ......................
52
32
49—Pompano
fine sand .................................................
53
33
50—Pits
............................................................................
53
34
51—Riviera
fine sand, depressional .............................
53
34
52—Oldsmar fine sand, depressional ...........................
54
35
53—Manatee
mucky loamy fine sand, depressional ..
55
35
54—Riomar
clay loam ....................................................
56
36
55—Floridana
mucky fine sand, depressional.............
56
36
56—Pineda fine sand, depressional .............................
57
37
57—Holopaw fine sand, depressional ..........................
58
37
58—Samsula
muck .........................................................
59
38
59—Lokosee
fine sand ...................................................
59
38
60—Pompano
fine sand, depressional .........................
60
40
61—Delray
muck.............................................................
61
40
62—Chobee
mucky loamy fine sand, depressional....
62
41
63—Kesson
muck...........................................................
62
Summary of Tables
Temperature and precipitation (table 1)...........................................................
134
Freeze dates in spring and fall (table 2)..........................................................
135
Soil ratings and limitations for selected uses, by general soil map unit
(table 3)............................................................................................................
136
Percent of survey area. Percent of map unit. Soil suitability
for —Cropland, Pasture. Potential productivity for —Pine
trees. Degree and kind of limitations for —Sanitary
facifities, Building sites, Recreation areas.
Acreage and proportionate extent of the soils (table 4)................................
143
Acres. Percent.
Land capability and yields per acre of crops and pasture (table 5) .............
144
Land capability. Oranges. Grapefruit. Corn. Tomatoes.
Bahiagrass. Grass -clover. Pangolagrass.
Capability classes and subclasses (table 6)....................................................
147
Total acreage. Major management concerns.
Rangeland productivity (table 7).......................................................................
148
Range site. Potential annual production.
Woodland management and productivity (table 8).........................................
150
Ordination symbol. Management concerns. Potential
productivity. Trees to plant.
Recreational development (table 9)..................................................................
156
Camp areas. Picnic areas Playgrounds. Paths and trails.
Goff fairways.
Wildlife habitat (table 10)...................................................................................
161
Potential for habitat elements. Potential as habitat for—
Openland wildlife, Woodland wildlife, Wetland wildlife.
Building site development (table 11)................................................................
165
Shallow excavations. Dwellings without basements.
Dwellings with basements. Small commercial buildings.
Local roads and streets. Lawns and landscaping.
Sanitary facilities (table 12)................................................................................
170
Septic tank absorption fields. Sewage lagoon areas.
Trench sanitary landfill. Area sanitary landfill. Daily cover
for landfill.
Construction materials (table 13)......................................................................
175
Roadfill. Sand. Gravel. Topsoil.
Water management (table 14)...........................................................................
179
Limitations for —Pond reservoir areas; Embankments,
dikes, and levees; Aquifer -fed excavated ponds. Features
affecting —Drainage, lriigation, Grassed waterways.
Engineering index properties (table 15)...........................................................
184
Depth. USDA texture. Classification —Unified, AASHTO.
Percentage passing sieve-4, 10, 40, 200. Liquid limit.
Plasticity index.
Physical and chemical properties of the soils (table 16) ...............................
191
Depth. Clay. Moist bulk density. Permeability. Available
water capacity. Reaction. Salinity. Shrink -swell potential.
Erosion factors. Wind erodibility group. Organic matter.
Water features (table 17)...................................................................................
196
Hydrologic group. Flooding. High water table.
Soil features (table 18).......................................................................................
200
Bedrock. Cemented pan. Subsidence. Risk of corrosion.
Physical analyses of selected soils (table 19).................................................
204
Depth. Horizon. Particle -size distribution —Sand. Silt. Clay.
Hydraulic conductivity. Bulk density. Water content.
Chemical analyses of selected soils (table 20)...............................................
208
Depth. Horizon. Extractable bases. Extractable acidity.
Sum of cations. Base saturation. Organic carbon.
Electrical conductivity. pH. Pyrophosphate extractable.
Citrate dithionite extractable.
Clay mineralogy of selected soils (table 21)....................................................
212
Depth. Horizon. Clay minerals.
Engineering index test data (table 22).............................................................
214
FDOT report number. Classification. Mechanical analysis.
Liquid limit Plasticity index. Moisture density.
Classification of the soils (table 23)..................................................................
217
Family or higher taxonomic class.
vi
Foreword
This soil survey contains information that can be used in land -planning
programs in Indian River County, Florida. It contains predictions of soil behavior
for selected land uses. The survey also highlights limitations and hazards
inherent in the soil, improvements needed to overcome the limitations, and the
impact of selected land uses on the environment.
This soil survey is designed for many different users. Farmers, ranchers,
foresters, and agronomists can use it to evaluate the potential of the soil and
the management needed for maximum food and fiber production. Planners,
community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers can use
the survey to plan land use, select sites for construction, and identify special
practices needed to insure proper performance. Conservationists, teachers,
students, and specialists in recreation, wildlife management, waste disposal,
and pollution control can use the survey to help them understand, protect, and
enhance the environment.
Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some
soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are shallow to bedrock.
Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads.
Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A
high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground
installations.
These and many other soil properties that affect land use are described in
this soil survey. Broad areas of soils are shown on the general soil map. The
location of each soil is shown on the detailed soil maps. Each soil in the survey
area is described. Information on specific uses is given for each soil. Help in
using this publication and additional information are available at the local office
of the Soil Conservation Service or the Cooperative Extension Service.
James W. Mitchell
State Conservationist
Soil Conservation Service
vii
dam'
Location of Indian River County In Florida.
Soil Survey of
Indian River County, Florida
By Carol A, Wettstein, Chris V. Noble, and James D. Slabaugh,
Soil Conservation Service
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service
In cooperation with
University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences,
Agricultural Experiment Stations, and Soil Science Department,
and Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
INDIAN RIVER COUNTY is in the southeastern part of
peninsular Florida. It is bordered on the north by Brevard
County, on the west by Osceola and Okeechobee
Counties, on the south by Okeechobee and St. Lucie
Counties, and on the east by the Atlantic Ocean.
The land area in the county covers 318,119 acres or
about 497 square miles, The survey area includes
345,383 acres or about 540 square miles, This includes
11,237 acres of freshwater areas throughout the county
and 16,027 acres of saltwater in the Indian River,
The county is about 23 miles long and about 28 miles
wide at the widest part. Vero Beach, the county seat, is
in the eastern part of the county on the west shore of
the Indian River,
The economy of Indian River County is fairly well
diversified. It mainly consists of tourism, agriculture (the
center of the Indian River citrus belt), and light industry.
The mild winter temperatures, miles of unspoiled
beaches, and numerous recreational activity areas
attract many tourists and retirees from all over the world,
General Nature of the Survey Area
In this section, environmental and cultural factors that
affect the use and management of soils in Indian River
County are described. These factors are climate; history
and development; physiography, relief, and drainage;
water resources; farming; recreation; and transportation.
Climate
The climate of Indian River County is characterized by
long, warm, humid summers and mild winters, The
moderating influence of the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf
stream on maximum temperatures in summer and
minimum temperatures in winter is strong along the
immediate coast, but it diminishes slightly a few miles
inland. Because of the moderation of winter and summer
temperatures, the climate of Indian River County is
considered to be humid and subtropical, The average
year round temperature is 73,4 degrees F.
Although the mean annual air temperature seldom
varies more than a degree or two from year to year, the
annual rainfall may vary 100 percent (6). Yearly rainfall
generally is from 50 to 55 inches, September generally
has the most rainfall with June, October, and August
following next in order, The period of least rain usually
occurs from November to April,
The moist, unstable air in the county results in
frequent showers that are generally of short duration.
Thunderstorms are frequent during the summer,
occurring on an average of every other day, Sometimes
these storms are heavy, and 2 or 3 inches of rain falls in
1 to 2 hours. More than 60 percent of the annual rainfall
occurs during these summer thunderstorms, Winter and
spring rains generally are not so intense as summer
thunderstorms, Summarized climatic data (7, 17, 18)
based on records collected at Vero Beach are shown in
table 1,
Daylong rains are rare and almost always are
associated with a tropical storm, Tropical storms can
affect the area any time from late in May through mid -
November, Storms of hurricane force with winds of 74
miles per hour or more may be expected in this area
about once every 30 years (11).
2
Soil Survey
Extended periods of dry weather can occur in any
season, but such periods are most common in spring
and fall. Dry periods in April and May generally are of
shorter duration than those in fall, but they tend to be
more serious because temperatures are higher and the
need for moisture is greater in April and May.
Hail falls occasionally during thunderstorms, but the
hail is generally small and seldom causes much damage.
Snowfall is almost unknown in Indian River County;
although, snow flurries occurred throughout south Florida
in the winter of 1976-77.
The geographic position of Vero Beach and Indian
River County benefits from the prevailing southeasterly
breezes. Cold continental air is modified as it travels
over water or flows down the Florida Peninsula before
reaching the Indian River County area. The coldest
temperatures and infrequent frosts occur on the second
or third night after the arrival of the cold air because
heat is lost through radiation. Frosts and freezing
temperatures are rare in the coastal areas but occur
occasionally in inland areas. The most recent and most
severe freeze that has occurred in the county was in
January 1982 with a low of 14.6 degrees F. This was
recorded'in the southwest section of the county. An
important citrus growing industry has been established
because of the nearly frost -free winters. Freeze data
shown in table 2 were taken at Vero Beach (7) and are
representative for the area.
Summer temperatures are tempered by the ocean
breeze and by the frequent formation of cumulus clouds,
which somewhat shade the land without completely
obscuring the sun. Temperatures of 88 degrees F. or
higher have occurred in all months. A temperature as
high as 100 degrees F. has occurred in the past. August
is the warmest month and has an average maximum
temperature of about 90 degrees F. This temperature is
common from June through September.
Flying weather generally is very good in Indian River
County, and "instrument" weather occurs only rarely.
Since the air has no taint of industrial smoke, the air is
clean and very little smog occurs.
Prevailing winds generally are southeasterly except in
March when southerly winds prevail. Windspeed
generally is between 10 and 15 miles per hour in the
afternoon and from 5 to 10 miles per hour at night.
History and Development
The original inhabitants of the Indian River area about
400 years ago were the Ais Indians. These inhabitants
were later named the Seminole Indians. The Ais Indians,
who occupied this territory long before Ponce de Leon
discovered Florida in 1513, were nonagricultural people
who lived by hunting, fishing, and eating berries (B).
Because of disease and raids by white settlers, they
disappeared from this area between 1700 and 1760.
In 1820, the area was ceded to the United States. In
March of 1821, General Andrew Jackson became
provisional Governor of Florida. During the first
legislative council held in 1824, four new counties,
including one named Mosquito County, were formed. In
1844, one year before Florida became a state, Santa
Lucia County was formed from an area of Mosquito
County. In 1845, Mosquito County was renamed Orange
County, and at the same time, Santa Lucia County was
renamed Brevard County (11).
In 1845, the county of Brevard was bounded by St.
Johns County, the Indian River boundary line, and
Alachua County. In 1905, the legislature separated an
area from Brevard County, which became known as St.
Lucie County. Finally, an area was removed from St.
Lucie County and created the county that officially
became Indian River County on June 29, 1925.
During the Seminole Wars, a military post, which was
known as Fort No. 2 and was later called Fort Vinton,
was established in 1839 to protect the settlers in the
territory. This territory later became part of Indian River
County (11).
The area of Johns Island was first settled in 1880.
Since the island was practically frostproof, it became one
of the most productive areas on the river for the growing
of beans.
The community of Gifford was first settled between
1893 and 1894 when the Florida East Coast Railroad
was extending its system along the coast. Fellsmere, in
the north central part of the county, was founded in
1912. Because of its extensive marshlands, this was
once one of the best areas in the state for frogging until
drainage systems were created and caused the marshes
to disappear. Other communities, such as Viking,
Crawford's Point, Oslo, Indian River Shores, Indrio, Ixora
Park, Orchid, Roseland, Rockridge, Sebastian,
Tropicolony, Wabasso, and Winter Beach, were
established along the Indian River, and agricultural
interests flourished within the area.
Prior to the actual creation of Indian River County in
1925, the first permanent settlers traveled from the New
York area by boat and railroad and came to Vero Beach
in 1887. Vero Beach later became the county seat. The
city of Vero Beach, which was only a small community of
three houses and a general store in the 1880's, has
grown to a population of over 16,000. Because of its
location along the Indian River and resulting climate,
Vero Beach is referred to as the city "Where the Tropics
Begin."
Physiography, Relief, and Drainage
Indian River County is in the coastal lowlands of the
Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province (10). The
coastal lowlands consist of an area of low relief that
represents several ancient marine terraces. These
ancient terraces mark where the sea coast was in past
Indian River County, Florida
3
geologic times (6). The county can be divided into four
physiographic subdivisions —the Eastern Valley, the
Osceola Plain, the Atlantic Coastal Ridge, and Ten Mile
Ridge (21), (fig. 1).
The Eastern Valley is between the Atlantic Coastal
Ridge to the east and the Osceola Plain to the west. It is
the largest physiographic region in the county and
extends the entire length of the county. The Pamlico
Terrace, one of two terraces in Indian River County,
encompasses the Eastern Valley. Most of the terrace is
less than 25 feet above sea level but ranges from about
15 to 30 feet above sea level. The areas of flatlands
occurring on this terrace consist mostly of flatwoods that
have numerous, small depressions, low hammocks, and
grassy sloughs. The soils are predominantly nearly level
and wet and have a sandy surface layer and loamy
material at various depths. Native vegetation is mostly
pines, sawpalmetto, and pineland threeawn interspersed
OSCEOLA
COUNTY
i
0
PA
OKLL%_"VDZZ
COUNTY
with areas of maidencane and scattered cabbage palm.
The St. Johns Marsh also is on the Pamlico Terrace. It
consists of freshwater swamps and marshes. Native
vegetation includes red maple, redbay, cypress, willows,
sawgrass, maidencane, and ferns. The soils are
predominantly nearly level and very wet. These soils are
organic throughout or have a moderately thick, organic
layer that is underlain by a loamy subsoil. Most of the
Eastern Valley has been planted to citrus, crops, or
improved pasture grasses, or it is used for native range.
The Osceola Plain is in the western part of the
county. It begins at the western edge of St. Johns Marsh
at an altitude of about 25 feet and begins a gradual rise
that flattens out to become the Talbot Terrace. Elevation
mostly ranges from about 30 feet to about 60 feet above
sea level. This area consists of flatwoods, low knolls,
and ridges. In these areas are scattered depressions and
poorly defined drainageways. The soils are
o
N
.k
BREVARD
COUNTY
INDIAN RIVER
COUNTY
YST. LUCIE
S /- COUNTY
Figure I. —Physiography of Indian River County and the surrounding area.
Soil Survey
predominantly nearly level, wet, and sandy and have a
dark sandy subsoil. In a few areas, the soils that are
adjacent to the St. Johns Marsh have a sandy surface
layer and a deep loamy subsoil. Native vegetation
consists of pines, sawpalmetto, sand live oak, pineland
threeawn, and maidencane. Most of this region is used
for native range or has been planted to improved pasture
grasses.
The Atlantic Coastal Ridge is in the eastern part of
the county. It is bordered on the east by the Atlantic
Ocean. The Atlantic Coastal Ridge consists of relic
beach ridges that formed by wind and wave action along
the shore. It rises to a maximum height of about 25 feet
above sea level. The Indian River separates the present
day barrier island from the mainland. The part of the
Atlantic Coastal Ridge on the mainland is an elongated
broken ridge that reaches altitudes of more than 50 feet.
This ridge is a remnant of an offshore bar that was
formed in the Pamlico Sea (6). The soils on the mainland
ridge are predominantly nearly level to gently sloping,
very dry, and sandy. Native vegetation consists of sand
pine, sand live oak, slash pine, rosemary, sawpalmetto,
scrub oak, and pineland threeawn. The ridge on the
barrier island consists of beach, primary dune, trough,
inland dune, and back dune. The soils on the ridge of
the barrier island are nearly level to gently sloping, wet
to extremely dry, and sandy. These soils have varying
amounts of shell fragments. Natural vegetation is
sawpalmetto, sand live oak, cabbage palm, seagrape,
and sea -oats. Many areas of the Atlantic Coastal Ridge
on the mainland are used for urban development, and on
the barrier island they are used for urban development
and recreation.
The Ten Mile Ridge is in the Eastern Valley about 7
miles west of the Coastal Ridge. This intermittently
occurring, less pronounced ridge ranges from about 25
to 35 feet above sea level. This ridge is made up of
flatwoods, low knolls, and ridges. The soils on Ten Mile
Ridge are nearly level to level, wet to somewhat dry, and
sandy. Some of these soils have a dark, sandy subsoil
that is underlain by loamy material. The native vegetation
on the knolls and ridges consists of slash pine, longleaf
pine, sand live oak, and sawpalmetto; on the flatwoods,
it consists of slash pine, sawpalmetto, waxmyrtle,
pineland threeawn, and bluestems. Most of Ten Mile
Ridge is used for native range.
The low ridges that occur within the county have a
great effect on surface water drainage, although this has
been altered by manmade drainage systems. A few
small streams enter the eastern part of the county from
areas of higher elevation from the west. The St. Johns
Marsh is also in the eastern part of the county and is the
headwaters of the St. Johns River. It has no well defined
channels or prominent streams except Blue Cypress
Lake. Natural drainage is to the north through the entire
width of the marsh.
Originally the area between the Atlantic Coastal Ridge
and the Ten Mile Ridge was swampy. This area had no
prominent stream channels other than the South Prong
of Sebastian Creek that is to the north. Manmade
drainage systems, such as the Main Canal and the North
and South Relief Canals, extensively altered the natural
flow pattern.
Water Resources
Water resources are of vital importance to the
economy and future development of Indian River County.
The importance of suitable water resources will
continually need to be recognized as the development of
new citrus groves increases. Citrus is a high value
economic crop in the county, but also it is the largest
user of agricultural water. The population in Indian River
County increased from 36,000 in 1970 to approximately
60,000 in 1980. By 1982, an additional increase in
population was estimated at 11.7 percent. This
population increase has created the growing competition
for the water resources in the county, especially since
the availability of potable water is limited (4, 6).
Indian River County has three main sources of water.
These sources are surface and ground water bodies, a
shallow aquifer, and the Floridan Aquifer (fig. 2).
The first major source of water supply is surface and
ground water bodies. The surface water of the county is
being used for irrigation in increasing quantities (6). The
trends indicate that such usage of water will probably
exceed that of ground water. Ground water is the
subsurface water in the zone of saturation; that is, the
zone in which all soil pore spaces are filled with water
under pressure no greater than atmospheric pressure.
With the drainage of wetlands, especially in the area of
the St. Johns Marsh, the amount of available surface
water storage areas has been reduced. This situation will
improve if the St. Johns Water Management District is
successful in their attempt to acquire lands as water
storage areas.
The yearly rainfall in Indian River County is 50 to 55
inches. Almost two-thirds of it occurs during the summer
and early in the fall. Large streams do not exist in the
county. Runoff is to the north through the St. Johns
Marsh, into the St. Johns River basin, and eastward to
the Indian River through several improved channels and
canals. Blue Cypress Lake is the only large body of
freshwater in the county. The Indian River, technically a
lagoon between the mainland and an offshore bar, is at
sea level and is highly saline (6).
A second major source of water supply is a shallow
aquifer consisting of variable compositions of sand, shell
fragments, and some silt and clay. This shallow aquifer
underlies all of the county. Its base reaches to a depth
of 150 feet. This aquifer is underlain by the Hawthorn
Formation, which acts as a confining bed or aquiclude
and impedes upward movement of water from the
Indian River County, Florida
5
Osceola Plain
Figure 2.—Physlographic subdivisions of Indian River County (Eastern Valley, Pamlico terrace; Osceola Plain, Talbot terrace; Atlantic
Coastal Ridge, mainland, barrier Island; and Ten Mile Ridge) and water resources showing principal aquifers and movement of the
ground water.
underlying Floridan Aquifer. Water from the shallow
aquifer is of good quality and has a chloride
concentration that is usually less than 60 milligrams per
liter, This aquifer is the principal source for both
municipal and domestic use. Recharge is primarily from
the rainfall which occurs in the county. This shallow
aquifer receives some recharge of water which is
withdrawn for irrigation from the Floridan Aquifer within
the drainage districts. Two areas within the county have
the best potential for meeting the future demands of
withdrawal for water. These areas are in the eastern
third and the extreme western part of the county. The
shallow aquifer near the Indian River consists of
discontinuous layers, or lenses, or cemented or
impermeable materials that appear to act as a barrier to
saltwater intrusion from the river. Extensive development
of this shallow aquifer for municipal water supply should
be monitored to maintain water quality and quantity.
The third major source of water supply is the Floridan
Aquifer, which underlies the county at a depth of 300 to
11
Soil Survey
600 feet. This aquifer consists of Eocene and Oligocene
carbonate rocks. This is a confined or artesian. aquifer.
Recharge to this aquifer is almost entirely from the area
that is west and outside of the county. Discharge from
the aquifer is from wells that are scattered throughout
the surface area. These wells are primarily used for
irrigation, and the artesian wells that are left open
naturally discharge to the ocean. The quality of water
from this aquifer varies greatly throughout the county.
The water from this aquifer has a high chloride
concentration that generally increases as the depth
increases. Because of the chloride concentration, this
water is used for irrigation of citrus and improved pasture
but is not used for public supply. Rainfall and ground
water help to dilute the chloride concentration and help
make the water suitable for irrigation.
Two additional sources of water that are available for
future development are the surface water (nonsaline)
and water (saline) from the Indian River. The nonsaline
surface water is discharged into the Indian River from
the canal network of three drainage districts in the
county. Most of this water occurs as storm runoff and
has a wide variation in chloride concentration. The
floodwater from drainage districts can be stored in areas
that are similar to the St. Johns Marsh and pumped back
to the district when needed, The saline water is almost
unlimited in supply and can be used for thermoelectric
coolings.
Farming
Farming has always been an important factor in the
economy of Indian River County. Before 1900, Johns
Island and other areas of the barrier island were known
for producing truck crops, such as beans, and for
growing pineapples and citrus. Some areas also were
used for raising hogs.
Beans, strawberries, tomatoes, and other garden
crops and citrus were grown from Roseland to the
Winter Beach area. When the network of canals and
ditches that were dug in the early 1900's began draining
the lowlands, the hammocks and highlands became dry.
Irrigation became necessary and expensive, which
resulted in truck farming gradually giving way to citrus
production in these areas, At one time, large amounts of
tomatoes and other crops were grown in the area south
of Fellsmere and north of Florida State Road 60.
Because tomatoes were susceptible to nematodes and
disease, the freezing weather and the requirement that
land be newly cleared for use each year made the
growing of these crops too costly.
In the early 1920's, experimental sugar cane plantings
were conducted in Fellsmere. A mill was constructed in
1932 and a refinery was added in 1935. This was the
only factory in Florida that produced refined sugar from
domestically grown sugar cane. This sugar mill closed in
1966 and gave way to citrus production, to ranching, and
to raising tropical fish. The raising of tropical fish has
been severely affected by the recent freezing
temperatures. In 1923, a muck plant was built in
Fellsmere to experiment in the making of fertilizer from
muck, This operation was discontinued 2 years later
because of the costly process involved.
The main farming enterprise in Indian River County
today is citrus production. In 1982, approximately 62,700
acres was planted to citrus. Additional citrus acreage
comes into production each year (7). Most of this
acreage is in oranges and grapefruit, and some small
acreages are in tangelos and tangerines. At present, the
western part of Indian River County is open for the
development of new groves, but limitations of water for
irrigation is a restricting factor for the future.
The second most important agricultural interest in
Indian River County is cattle raising. About 125,000
acres is used for livestock. This includes approximately
62,200 acres that is used for improved pasture for beef
and dairy production (7, 19). Most of this pasture
consists of improved bahiagrass and white clover. In
1983, only one dairy farm was in the survey area. Hogs
are still raised in the county.
Various crops, such as field corn, sorghum, soybeans,
and rice, are grown on approximately 7,200 acres in the
western one-third of the county. The soils on this
acreage are mainly organic. In some small areas, sweet
corn, cabbage, tomatoes, melons, and strawberries are
also grown.
Each year, urban development has encroached on
many acres of land that if left undeveloped would have
good potential for agricultural use. Because of wetness,
many of the soils in these areas have severe limitations
for most agricultural use. But, with today's technology,
which includes intensive management and a good water
control system to remove excess water rapidly and to
provide water during dry periods, these soils are well
suited to most agricultural uses.
Recreation
A wide variety of recreational activity areas are
available in Indian River County. These areas include 23
miles of coastline, Indian River, Sebastian Inlet,
Sebastian River, and Blue Cypress Lake. These areas
offer many recreational activities for those who enjoy
freshwater or saltwater fishing, boating, birding, surfing,
shellfishing, or sunbathing.
The Sebastian Inlet is a state recreation area that is
well known for its excellent fishing. There are two jetties
in the inlet, as well as areas for camping and other
recreational facilities. Near the inlet is the McLarty
Museum. This museum houses the treasures that were
salvaged from Spanish shipwrecks off the Florida coast.
Also in the Sebastian Inlet area is the Pelican Island
Wildlife Refuge, which has been designated as the first
Indian River County, Florida
7
national wildlife refuge in the nation. This refuge was
established in 1903.
At Vero Beach are other recreation attractions, such
as Dodgertown, which serves as the spring training
camp for the Los Angeles Dodgers and, during the
summer, is home for their farm team, the Vero Beach
Dodgers. This facility is also used as a summer camp for
the New Orleans Saints during July and August. In the
Vero Beach area are many golf courses, tennis courts,
and shuffleboard facilities. There are also many
playgrounds and parks throughout the county.
Transportation
Indian River County is served by several major
highways. U.S. Highway 1 and Florida State Road A1A
are in the eastern part of the county, parallel to the
coast. U.S. Highway 1 is on the mainland, and Florida
State Road A1A serves as the major road that extends
the entire length of the county on the barrier island. U.S.
Interstate 95 crosses through the eastern one-third of
the county in a north to south direction. Florida State
Road 60 extends westward from Vero Beach to Yeehaw
Junction in Osceola County. The Sunshine State
Parkway, which is also called the Florida Turnpike,
crosses the far southwestern edge of the county in two
places. Restricted access to this road is at Yeehaw
Junction and Ft. Pierce in St. Lucie County. Several
county roads connect the outlying towns or the outlying
areas, such as Fellsmere, with the major roads in the
county.
The Florida East Coast Railway runs north to south,
basically parallel to U.S. Highway 1. The Sebastian Inlet
at the north end of the county provides access from the
Indian River and Intracoastal Waterway out to the
Atlantic Ocean.
The two commercial airports in the county are in Vero
Beach and Sebastian. There are several private landing
fields in the county. Bus service is available throughout
the area. A few large trucking firms that have facilities for
handling interstate trade also serve the area.
How This Survey Was Made
This survey was made to provide information about the
soils in the survey area. The information includes a
description of the soils and their location and a
discussion of the suitability, limitations, and management
of the soils for specified uses. Soil scientists observed
the steepness, length, and shape of slopes; the general
pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants
growing on the soils; and the kinds of bedrock. They dug
many holes to study the soil profile, which is the
sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The
profile extends from the surface down into the
unconsolidated material from which the soil formed. The
unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other
living organisms and has not been changed by other
biological activity.
The soils in the survey area occur in an orderly pattern
that is related to the geology, the landforms, relief,
climate, and the natural vegetation of the area. Each
kind of soil is associated with a particular kind of
landscape or with a segment of the landscape. By
observing the soils in the survey area and relating their
position to specific segments of the landscape, a soil
scientist develops a concept, or model, of how the soils
were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables
the soil scientist to predict with considerable accuracy
the kind of soil at a specific location on the landscape.
Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge
into one another as their characteristics gradually
change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil
scientists must determine the boundaries between the
soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil
profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented
by an understanding of the soil -landscape relationship,
are sufficient to verify predictions of the kinds of soil in
an area and to determine the boundaries.
Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil
profiles that they studied. They noted soil color, texture,
size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of
rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, acidity, and
other features that enable them to identify soils. After
describing the soils in the survey area and determining
their properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to
taxonomic classes (units). Taxonomic classes are
concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil
characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes
are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils
systematically. The system of taxonomic classification
used in the United States is based mainly on the kind
and character of soil properties and the arrangement of
horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists
classified and named the soils in the survey area, they
compared the individual soils with similar soils in the
same taxonomic class in other areas so that they could
confirm data and assemble additional data based on
experience and research.
While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of
the soils in the area are generally collected for laboratory
analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists
interpreted the data from these analyses and tests as
well as the field -observed characteristics and the soil
properties in terms of expected behavior of the soils
under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils
were field tested through observation of the soils in
different uses under different levels of management.
Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions,
and new interpretations sometimes are developed to
meet local needs. Data were assembled from other
sources, such as research information, production
records, and field experience of specialists. For example,
data on crop yields under defined levels of management
8
were assembled from farm records and from field or plot
experiments on the same kinds of soil.
Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on
soil properties but also on such variables as climate and
biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over
long periods of time, but they are not predictable from
year to year. For example, soil scientists can state with a
fairly high degree of probability that a given soil will have
a high water table within certain depths in most years,
but they cannot assure that a high water table will
always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific
date,
After soil scientists located and identified the
significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, they
drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial
photographs and identified each as a specific map unit,
Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads,
and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries
accurately.
Map Unit Composition
A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an
area dominated by one major kind of soil or an area
dominated by several kinds of soil. A,map unit is
identified and named according to the taxonomic
classification of the dominant soil or soils, Within a
taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for the
properties of the soils. On the landscape, however, the
soils are natural objects, In common with other natural
objects, they have a characteristic variability in their
properties, Thus, the range of some observed properties
may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic
class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if
ever, can be mapped without including areas of soils of
other taxonomic classes, Consequently, every map unit
is made up of the soil or soils for which it is named and
some soils that belong to other taxonomic classes. In
the detailed soil map units, these latter soils are called
inclusions or included soils. In the general soil map units,
they are called soils of minor extent,
Most inclusions have properties and behavioral
patterns similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in
the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and
management. These are called noncontrasting (similar)
inclusions. They may or may not be mentioned in the
map unit descriptions. Other inclusions, however, have
properties and behavior divergent enough to affect use
or require different management, These are contrasting
(dissimilar) inclusions, They generally occupy small areas
and cannot be shown separately on the soil maps
because of the scale used in mapping, The inclusions of
contrasting soils are mentioned in the map unit
descriptions, A few inclusions may not have been
observed, and consequently are not mentioned in the
descriptions, especially where the soil pattern was so
complex that it was impractical to make enough
observations to identify all of the kinds of soils on the
landscape.
The presence of inclusions in a map unit in no way
diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the soil data,
The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure
taxonomic classes of soils but rather to separate the
landscape into segments that have similar use and
management requirements, The delineation of such
landscape segments on the map provides sufficient
information for the development of resource plans, but
onsite investigation is needed to plan for intensive uses
in small areas,
E7
General Soil Map Units
The general soil map at the back of this publication
shows broad areas that have a distinctive pattern of
soils, relief, and drainage. Each map unit on the general
soil map is a unique natural landscape. Typically, a map
unit consists of one or more major soils and some minor
soils. It is named for the major soils. The soils making up
one unit can occur in other units but in a different
pattern.
The general soil map can be used to compare the
suitability.of large areas for general land uses. Areas of
suitable soils can be identified on the map. Likewise,
areas where the soils are not suitable can be identified.
Because of its small scale, the map is not suitable for
planning the management of a farm or field or for
selecting a site for a road or a building or other structure.
The soils in any one map unit differ from place to place
in slope, depth, drainage, and other characteristics that
affect management.
The soils in the survey area vary widely in their
potential for major land uses. Table 3 shows the extent
of the map units shown on the general soil map. It lists
the suitability and potential of each of the map units for
major land uses and shows soil properties that limit use.
Soil ratings are based on the practices commonly used
in the survey area to overcome soil limitations. These
ratings reflect the ease of overcoming the limitations.
They also reflect the problems that will persist even if
such practices are used.
Each map unit is rated for cropland, pasture,
woodland, sanitary facilities, building sites, and recreation
areas. Cultivated crops are those grown extensively in
the survey area. Pasture is improved pasture grasses
grown extensively in the survey area. Woodland refers to
areas of native trees. Sanitary facilities include septic
tank absorption fields and trench sanitary landfills.
Building sites include residential, commercial, and
industrial developments. Recreation areas are campsites,
picnic areas, ballfields, and other areas that are subject
to heavy foot traffic.
Soils of the Sand Ridges
The one map unit in this group consists of nearly level
to gently sloping, excessively drained and moderately
well drained soils in high dunelike areas. These soils are
sandy throughout. This map unit is in the eastern part of
Indian River County. It is on the mainland coastal ridge
along U.S. Highway 1 and extends from Brevard County
to St. Lucie County.
1. Astatula-Archbold-St. Lucie
Nearly level to gently sloping, excessively drained and
moderately well drained soils that are sandy to a depth
of 80 inches or more
This map unit consists of deep, nearly level to gently
sloping, sandy soils on high, discontinuous dunelike
ridges (fig. 3). These soils are on the Atlantic Coastal
Ridge, which extends in a north -south direction from
Brevard County to St. Lucie County parallel to the Indian
River.
The natural vegetation is sand pine, sand live oak,
slash pine, rosemary, Chapman oak, sawpalmetto,
pricklypear cacti, pineland threeawn, lichens, and
reindeer moss.
This map unit makes up about 5,728 acres, or about
1.8 percent of the survey area. It is about 27 percent
Astatula soils, 14 percent Archbold soils, 14 percent St.
Lucie soils, and 45 percent soils of minor extent.
Astatula soils are excessively drained. Typically, the
surface layer is grayish brown sand about 4 inches thick.
The subsurface layer is brown sand about 1 inch thick.
The substratum to a depth of 80 inches or more is
brownish yellow sand.
Archbold soils are moderately well drained. Typically,
the surface layer is gray sand about 2 inches thick.
Underlying that is sand to a depth of 80 inches or more.
The upper 36 inches of the underlying sand is white, the
next 13 inches is light gray, and the lower 29 inches or
more is gray.
St. Lucie soils are excessively drained. Typically, the
surface layer is gray sand about 3 inches thick. Below
that is white sand to a depth of 80 inches or more.
The soils of minor extent in this map unit are Orsino,
Paola, and Jonathan soils.
Some areas of this map unit are used for urban
development. Part of the cities of Vero Beach,
Sebastian, and Roseland has been developed on these
soils. Also, some commercial buildings and many houses
have been built in the areas of this map unit. Some small
areas are used for citrus or as sources of fill material.
10
Soil Survey
Figure 3.—Typical pattern of soils and parent material In the Astatula-Archbold-St. Lucie map unit and the Immokalee-Myakka-Satellite map
unit.
Soils of the Coastal Islands and Tidal
Marshes
The two map units in this group consist of nearly level
to gently sloping, poorly drained to excessively drained
soils that are sandy throughout and contain shell
fragments. The map units also consist of some level,
very poorly drained soils that formed in loamy or clayey
tidal deposits that have very low soil strength. These
soils are on low, gently undulating dunelike ridges, on
elongated sloughs, on the higher dunelike ridges of the
barrier island, and on islands and mangrove tidal
swamps. Some soils are in nearly level areas that were
former sloughs and tidal marshes. These areas have
been drained and filled with sand or with mixed sand and
shell fragments. These materials were derived from river
dredging or from hauling and filling operations. The soils
of the coastal islands and tidal marshes are in the
eastern part of Indian River County.
2. Canaveral-Captiva-Palm Beach
Nearly level to gently sloping, somewhat poorly drained
to moderately well drained, poorly drained, and well
drained to excessively drained sandy soils that contain
shell fragments
This map unit consists of nearly level to gently sloping
soils. These soils are on low, gently undulating dunelike
ridges, in elongated sloughs, and on the higher dunelike
ridges of the barrier island (fig. 4). There is only one area
of this map unit, and it makes up the barrier island,
which extends the length of the survey area and is
adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean.
The natural vegetation in most areas of this map unit
is sawpalmetto, sand live oak, cabbage palm, wild -
coffee, waxmyrtle, and seagrape. The natural vegetation
on the outer edge of the higher dunelike ridges that are
adjacent to the ocean is Spanish -bayonet and sea -oats.
Introduced vegetation consists of thick stands of
Australian pine and Brazilian pepper.
This map unit makes up about 6,308 acres, or about 2
percent of the survey area. It is about 40 percent
Canaveral soils, 27 percent Captiva soils, 25 percent
Palm Beach soils, and 8 percent soils of minor extent.
Canaveral soils are on low, gently undulating dunelike
ridges. These soils are somewhat poorly drained to
moderately well drained. Typically, the surface layer is 5
inches thick. It is dark gray and gray fine sand that is
Indian River County, Florida
11
about 10 percent sand -size shell fragments. The
underlying material to a depth of 80 inches or more is
light gray, light yellowish brown, very pale brown, and
light brownish gray fine sand that is about 10 to 40
percent sand -size multicolored shell fragments.
Captiva soils are poorly drained. These soils are on
narrow, elongated sloughs between the low, dunelike
ridges and the mangrove swamps. Typically, the surface
layer is about 8 inches thick. It is very dark gray fine
sand that is about 2 percent shell fragments. The
underlying material to a depth of 80 inches or more is
grayish brown, olive gray, and greenish gray fine sand
that is about 2 to 15 percent shell fragments.
Palm Beach soils are well drained to excessively
drained. These soils are on the higher dunelike ridges
parallel to the coastline. Typically, the surface layer is
very dark gray sand about 4 inches thick. The underlying
material, to a depth of about 65 inches, is grayish brown
and pale brown sand that has stratified layers of shell
fragments throughout. Below that to a depth of 80
inches or more is very pale brown sand.
Areas of minor extent in this map unit are Beaches.
The soils in most areas of this map unit are in natural
vegetation. A large area near the town of Orchid is used
for citrus. Increasing acreages are being developed for
residential and recreation uses.
3. McKee-Ouartzipsamments-St. Augustine
Level, very poorly drained, loamy soils that have very low
soil strength; some nearly level, somewhat poorly
drained to moderately well drained soils that are sand or
mixed sand and shell fragments; and some level,
somewhat poorly drained soils that are mixed sand and
shell fragments
This map unit consists of level soils on mangrove
islands and in swamps that are inundated daily by high
tides. It also consists of nearly level soils in areas that
were former sloughs and tidal marshes. These areas
have been drained and filled with sand or with mixed
sand and shell fragments, or they have been drained
and filled with mixed sand, shell fragments, and loamy
and silty sediment. These materials resulted from river
dredging or from hauling and filling operations. Most of
these areas include the islands in the Indian River and
those areas that are adjacent to the river on the eastern
edge of the mainland and on the western edge of the
barrier island. The soils in this map unit extend from
Brevard County to St. Lucie County.
Figure 4.—Typical pattern of soils and parent material In the Canaveral-Captiva-Palm Beach association. These soils make up a cross
section of soils on the barrier Island.
12
Soil Survey
The natural vegetation in the tidal swamps consists of
red, black, and white mangrove, sea rocket, seashore
paspalum, seashore saltgrass, and scattered cabbage
palm. In many of the areas, the soils that were formed
by fill material and earthmoving operations have
introduced vegetation that consists of thick stands of
Australian pine, Brazilian pepper, and various weeds and
grasses.
This map unit makes up about 7,232 acres, or about
2.3 percent of the survey area. It is about 50 percent
McKee soils, 21 percent Quartzipsamments soils, 15
percent St. Augustine soils, and 14 percent soils of
minor extent.
McKee soils are on the existing mangrove islands and
swamps (fig. 5). Tidal water inundates most of the areas
at high tide. These soils are very poorly drained. They
have very low soil strength and are generally very fluid
when squeezed in the hand; the soils in some areas
range from very fluid to slightly. fluid. Typically, the
surface layer is covered by a layer of very dark grayish
brown mucky clay loam about 1 inch thick. The
underlying material is a layer of very dark gray clay loam
to a depth of about 15 inches, grayish green to dark
greenish gray clay loam to a depth of about 60 inches,
and dark gray sandy loam to a depth of 80 inches or
more.
Quartzipsamments soils are on islands and in tidal
marshes and sloughs. These areas have been drained
and filled with material that resulted from river dredging
or from hauling and filling operations. These soils are
somewhat poorly drained, but in areas where the fill
material is deeper, they can range from somewhat poorly
drained to moderately well drained. Typically, the surface
layer is mottled light yellowish brown fine sand about 17
inches thick. Below that, to a depth of about 60 inches,
is fine sand in various shades of gray, brown, and yellow
that is mixed with about 10 percent shell fragments, and
underlying that is gray sand to a depth of 80 inches or
more.
St. Augustine soils were formed by dredge and fill
materials and then spread over the surface of former
tidal areas. They are somewhat poorly drained. Typically,
the surface layer consists of fill material that is about 30
inches thick. It is light brownish gray sand that contains
shell fragments. The underlying material, to a depth of
45 inches, is a mixture of grayish brown sand, fragments
of dark gray silty clay loam, and olive gray loamy sand.
Below that to a depth of 80 inches or more is a mixture
of greenish gray sand and fragments of gray loamy sand.
Some areas have a thin organic layer at a depth of 40
inches or more.
The soils of minor extent in this map unit are Kesson
and Riomar soils and Arents.
The areas of McKee soils remain in natural vegetation,
whereas most areas of Quartzipsamments and St.
Augustine soils have been developed for residential use.
Soils of the Flatwoods, Low Knolls, and
Ridges
The four map units in this group consist of nearly level,
poorly drained and somewhat poorly drained soils. These
soils are in broad areas of flatwoods; in slightly higher
areas of flatwoods that are surrounded and intersected
by broad, low sloughs, poorly defined drainageways,
hammocks, and depressional areas; and on low knolls
and ridges on the flatwoods. Some soils are sandy
throughout, some have a loamy subsoil at a depth of
more than 40 inches, and some have a dark sandy
subsoil. In some places, these soils are underlain by
loamy material at a depth of less than 40 inches. In
other areas, they are underlain by loamy material at a
depth of more than 40 inches. These soils are mostly in
the eastern and extreme western parts of Indian River
County.
4. 1mmokalee-Myakka-Satellite
Nearly leve% poorly drained and somewhat poorly
drained soils,• some are sandy throughout, and some
have a dark sandy subsoil
This map unit consists of soils on long, narrow ridges,
low knolls on the flatwoods, in broad areas of flatwoods,
and in scattered depressions (see fig. 3). These soils are
in the eastern one-third of Indian River County and are
adjacent to the Atlantic Coastal Ridge on the Ten Mile
Ridge along U.S. Interstate 95; north of Florida State
Road 60. Small areas of these soils are in the extreme
western part of the survey area and are adjacent to the
Osceola County line. Part of the cities of Sebastian and
Vero Beach is in this map unit.
The natural vegetation in most areas of knolls and
ridges is south Florida slash pine, longleaf pine, sand live
oak, sawpalmetto, fetterbush, and pineland threeawn.
Vegetation on the flatwoods is south Florida slash pine,
sawpalmetto, running oak, inkberry, fetterbush,
waxmyrtle, pineland threeawn, bluestems, and panicums.
This map unit makes up about 15,711 acres, or about
4.9 percent of the survey area. It is about 33 percent
Immokalee soils, 31 percent Myakka soils, 14 percent
Satellite soils, and 22 percent soils of minor extent.
Immokalee soils are poorly drained. These soils are on
broad flatwoods. Typically, the surface layer is very dark
gray fine sand about 5 inches thick. The subsurface
layer is light gray fine sand to a depth of 35 inches. The
subsoil is very dark gray fine sand to a depth'of about 55
inches. Below that to a depth of 80 inches or more is
brown fine sand.
Myakka soils are poorly drained. These soils are on
broad flatwoods. Typically, the surface layer is black fine
sand about 5 inches thick. The subsurface layer is fine
sand to a depth of 28 inches. The upper 15 inches of
the subsurface layer is grayish brown, and the lower 8
inches is light brownish gray. The subsoil extends to a
Indian River County, Florida
13
Figure 5.—Typicai pattern of soils and parent material in the Boca-Wabasso-Riviera map unit. The adjacent Riomar and McKee soils are in
the tidal marsh.
depth of 68 inches. The upper 3 inches of the subsoil is
black fine sand, the next 8 inches is dark reddish brown
fine sand, the next 11 inches is black fine sand, the next
8 inches is partially weakly cemented, black fine sand,
and the lower 10 inches is very dark grayish brown fine
sand. The substratum to a depth of 80 inches or more is
dark brown fine sand.
Satellite soils are somewhat poorly drained. These
soils are on long, narrow ridges and low knolls on the
flatwoods. Typically, the surface layer is dark gray fine
sand about 4 inches thick. The underlying material is
light brownish gray, grayish brown, and dark grayish
brown fine sand to a depth of 80 inches or more.
The soils of minor extent in this map unit are Pomello,
Pompano, and Archbold soils.
The soils in most areas of this map unit are in natural
vegetation. Some large areas are used for residential
and urban development. Some small areas are used for
citrus.
5. EauGalIIe-Oldsmar-Wabasso
Nearly level, poorly drained soils that have a dark sandy
14
Soil Survey
subsoil- some have a subsoil that is underlain by loamy
material at a depth of less than 40 inches, and some
have a subsoil that is underlain by loamy material at a
depth of more than 40 inches
This map unit consists of soils in broad areas of
flatwoods and in scattered small wet depressions. These
soils are mostly in the eastern one-third of Indian River
County, primarily west of the Atlantic Coastal Ridge. The
soils in this map unit extend from Brevard County to St.
Lucie County. Other areas of soils in this map unit are
scattered throughout the eastern one-half of the survey
area, which includes the areas around Fellsmere and
also those areas east of Ten Mile Ridge. Part of the
cities of Sebastian, Vero Beach, Vero Lake Estates, Vero
Beach Highlands, and Fellsmere is in this map unit.
The natural vegetation is south Florida slash pine,
scattered live oak and laurel oak, sawpaletto, inkberry,
fetterbush, waxmyrtle, pineland threeawn, bluestems,
and panicums.
This map unit makes up about 45,165 acres, or about
14.2 percent of the survey area. It is about 44 percent
EauGallie soils, 18 percent Oldsmar soils, 9 percent
Wabasso soils, and 29 percent soils of minor extent.
EauGallie soils are poorly drained. Typically, the
surface layer is black grading to dark gray fine sand
about 15 inches thick. The subsurface layer is gray fine
sand to a depth of about 26 inches. The subsoil extends
to a depth of about 62 inches. The upper part of the
subsoil is black grading to brown fine sand coated with
organic matter about 21 inches thick. The lower 15
inches is grayish brown or gray sandy loam. The
substratum is light brownish gray loamy fine sand to a
depth of 80 inches or more.
Oldsmar soils are poorly drained. Typically, the surface
layer is black fine sand about 5 inches thick. The
subsurface layer is light brownish gray fine sand to a
depth of about 32 inches. The subsoil extends to a
depth of about 62 inches. The. upper 18 inches of the
subsoil is black, dark reddish brown, and dark brown fine
sand. The lower 12 inches is grayish brown sandy loam.
The substratum is light brownish gray loamy fine sand to
a depth of 80 inches or more.
Wabasso soils are poorly drained. Typically, the
surface layer is very dark gray fine sand about 7 inches
thick. The subsurface layer is gray fine sand to a depth
of about 24 inches. The subsoil extends to a depth of 48
inches. The upper part of the subsoil is black and very
dark gray fine sand that is coated with organic matter,
and the lower part is dark brown and brown sandy loam.
The substratum to a depth of 80 inches or more is
brown loamy fine sand.
The soils of minor extent in this map unit are Chobee,
Holopaw, Lokosee, Malabar, Manatee, Pepper, Riviera,
and Electra soils.
The soils in most areas of this map unit are in natural
vegetation. Some areas are used for urban development,
citrus, improved pasture, and native range.
6. Myakka-Immokalee
Nearly level, poorly drained soils that have a dark sandy
subsoil
This map unit consists of soils in broad areas of
flatwoods, scattered small wet depressions, and long,
narrow, poorly defined drainageways. These soils are
mostly in the western one-third of Indian River County.
The soils in this map unit extend from Brevard County to
Okeechobee County and to adjoining Osceola County.
The natural vegetation is south Florida slash pine,
scattered live oak, sawpalmetto, running oak, inkberry,
fetterbush, waxmyrtle, pineland threeawn, bluestems,
and panicums.
This map unit makes up about 30,205 acres, or about
9.5 percent of the survey area. It is about 51 percent
Myakka soils, 31 percent Immokalee soils, and 18
percent soils of minor extent.
Myakka soils are poorly drained. Typically, the surface
layer is black fine sand about 5 inches thick. The
subsurface layer is fine sand to a depth of 28 inches.
The upper 15 inches of the subsurface layer is grayish
brown, and the lower 8 inches is light brownish gray. The
subsoil extends to a depth of 68 inches. It is black fine
sand in the upper 3 inches, dark reddish brown fine sand
in the next 8 inches, black fine sand in the next 11
inches, black fine sand that is partially weakly cemented
in the next 8 inches, and very dark grayish brown fine
sand in the lower 10 inches. The substratum to a depth
of 80 inches or more is dark brown fine sand.
Immokalee soils are poorly drained. Typically, the
surface layer is very dark gray fine sand about 5 inches
thick. The subsurface layer is light gray fine sand to a
depth of 35 inches. The subsoil is very dark gray fine
sand to a depth of about 55 inches. The substratum to a
depth of 80 inches or more is brown fine sand.
The soils of minor extent in this map unit are
Floridana, Holopaw, Pompano, Pomello, and Samsula
soils.
The soils in most areas of this map unit are in natural
vegetation. Several large areas are used for improved
pasture. Other areas are used for native range and
woodland.
7. EauGallle-Myakka-Rlvlera
Nearly level, poorly drained soils; some have a loamy
subsoil at a depth of less than 40 inches, some have a
dark sandy subsoil at a depth of 20 to 30 inches, and
some are sandy throughout and have a dark sandy
subsoil at a depth of 20 to 30 inches
This map unit consists of soils in slightly higher areas
of flatwoods. These areas are surrounded and
intersected by broad, low sloughs, poorly defined
drainageways, hammocks, and depressional areas. The
areas of this map unit are along the Indian River County
and Okeechobee County line, south of Padgett Branch
Indian River County, Florida
15
and southward to Fort Drum Creek. Also, another area of
these soils is south of Gum Slough to the Okeechobee
County line.
The natural vegetation in the areas of flatwoods
consists of slash pine, sawpalmetto, waxmyrtle, inkberry,
scattered cabbage palm, pineland threeawn, bluestems,
and panicums. In the lower surrounding areas on broad,
low flats and in poorly defined drainageways, the
vegetation consists of scattered slash pine, cabbage
palm, laurel oak, sawpalmetto, blue maidencane,
pineland threeawn, panicums, and sedges. In the
depressional areas, the vegetation consists of St.-
Johnswort, maidencane, waxmyrtle, sand cordgrass, and
various other water -tolerant weeds and grasses.
This map unit makes up about 3,389 acres, or about
1.1 percent of the survey area.'lt is about 24 percent
EauGallie soils, 23 percent Myakka soils, 14 percent
Riviera soils, and 39 percent soils of minor extent.
EauGallie soils are on the flatwoods. Typically, the
surface layer is black grading to dark gray fine sand
about 15 inches thick. The subsurface layer is gray fine
sand to a depth of about 26 inches. The subsoil extends
to a depth of about 62 inches. The upper 21 inches of
the subsoil is black grading to brown fine sand that is
coated with organic matter. The lower 15 inches is
grayish brown or gray sandy loam. The substratum is
light brownish gray loamy fine sand to a depth of 80
inches or more.
Myakka soils are on the flatwoods. Typically, the
surface layer is black fine sand about 5 inches thick. The
subsurface layer extends to a depth of 28 inches. The
upper 15 inches of the subsurface layer is grayish brown
fine sand, and the lower 8 inches is light brownish gray
fine sand. The subsoil extends to a depth of 68 inches. It
is black fine sand in the upper 3 inches, dark reddish
brown fine sand in the next 8 inches, black fine sand in
the next 11 inches, black fine sand that is partially
weakly cemented in the next 8 inches, and very dark
grayish brown fine sand in the lower 10 inches. The
substratum to a depth of 80 inches or more is dark
brown fine sand.
Riviera soils are in low hammocks, poorly defined
drainageways, and broad, low sloughs. Typically, the
surface layer is very dark grayish brown fine sand about
3 inches thick. The subsurface layer, to a depth of 26
inches, is light gray and light brownish gray fine sand.
The subsoil extends to a depth of 40 inches. The upper
5 inches of the subsoil is gray sandy loam that has
intrusions and pockets of grayish brown and dark grayish
brown fine sand. The lower 9 inches is gray sandy loam.
The substratum to a depth of 80 inches or more is gray
and greenish gray loamy fine sand that has a few
pockets of light brownish gray fine sand.
The soils of minor extent in this map unit are Boca,
Delray, Floridana, Holopaw, Malabar, Manatee, Pineda,
and Pompano soils.
The soils in most areas of this map unit are in natural
vegetation. These areas are used as native rangeland.
Some areas are in improved pasture. One small area
south of Florida State Road 60 is used for citrus.
Soils of the Sloughs, Poorly Defined
Drainageways, and Hammocks
The four map units in this group consist of nearly level,
poorly drained and very poorly drained soils. These soils
are on broad, low flats and in sloughs, depressions, and
poorly defined drainageways. These areas are
interspersed with low hammocks and small scattered
areas of flatwoods. Some of these soils have a loamy
subsoil within a depth of 20 inches of the surface, or at a
depth of 20 to 40 inches, or at a depth of more than 40
inches. Some soils are loamy throughout and have a
dark colored surface layer, some have a dark sandy
subsoil underlain by loamy material at a depth of less
than 40 inches, or they have a loamy subsoil underlain
by hard limestone at a depth of 40 inches. In some
areas, the soils are sandy throughout and have a dark
sandy subsoil within a depth of 20 to 30 inches of the
surface. In other areas, these sandy soils do not have a
dark sandy subsoil within a depth of 20 to 30 inches of
the surface. These map units are mostly in the central
part and eastern one-third part of Indian River County.
They extend from Brevard County to St. Lucie County
and also extend east of the Atlantic Coastal Ridge and
are adjacent to the tidal marshes on the mainland part of
the survey area. Another area of these soils is
immediately west of the St. Johns Marsh and extends
from Brevard County to Okeechobee County.
8. Riviera-Pineda-Wabasso
Nearly level, poorly drained soils; some have a loamy
subsoil at a depth of 20 to 40 inches, and some have a
dark sandy subsoil underlain by loamy material at a
depth of less than 40 inches
This map unit consists of soils in broad sloughs,
depressions, and poorly defined drainageways. These
areas are interspersed with low hammocks and small
scattered areas of flatwoods. The largest area of this
map unit is in the central part of Indian River County,
west of U.S. Interstate 95. These areas extend from
Brevard County to St. Lucie County. Other areas of the
soils in this map unit are scattered throughout the
eastern one-third of the survey area, which includes a
long, narrow area between the Atlantic Coastal Ridge
and Ten Mile Ridge. Part of the cities of Fellsmere, Vero
Lake Estates, and Fleming Grant is in this map unit.
In the areas of sloughs and poorly defined
drainageways and in areas that are interspersed with
depressions and low hammocks, the natural vegetation
is south Florida slash pine, cabbage palm, waxmyrtle,
scattered sawpalmetto, laurel oak, pineland threeawn,
16
Soil Survey
blue maidencane, and various sedges and grasses. In
the depressional areas, the native vegetation includes
blue maidencane, St.-Johnswort, pipewort, starrush,
scattered cabbage palm, waxmyrtle, sedges, and other
water -tolerant grasses. On the flatwoods, the native
vegetation consists of slash pine, scattered cabbage
palm, sawpalmetto, waxmyrtle, inkberry, pineland
threeawn, bluestems, and panicums.
This map unit makes up about 78,276 acres, or about
24.6 percent of the survey area. It is about 33 percent
Riviera soils, 29 percent Pineda soils, 24 percent
Wabasso soils, and 14 percent soils of minor extent.
Riviera soils are in broad sloughs, poorly defined
drainageways, low hammocks, and depressions.
Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish brown
fine sand about 3 inches thick. The subsurface layer
extends to a depth of 26 inches. The upper 11 inches of
the subsurface layer is light gray fine sand, and the lower
12 inches is light brownish gray fine sand. The subsoil
extends to a depth of 40 inches. The upper 5 inches of
the subsoil is gray sandy loam that has intrusions and
pockets of grayish brown and dark grayish brown fine
sand. The lower 9 inches is gray sandy loam. The
substratum to a depth of 80 inches or more is gray and
greenish gray loamy fine sand.
Pineda soils are in broad sloughs, low hammocks, and
depressions. Typically, the surface layer is black fine
sand about 4 inches thick. The subsurface layer, to a
depth of 9 inches, is light brownish gray fine sand. The
subsoil extends to a depth of .40 inches. The upper 4
inches of the subsoil is yellow fine sand that has
intrusions of yellowish brown loamy fine sand. The next
10 inches is yellow fine sand. The lower 17 inches is
gray and greenish gray sandy loam. The substratum to a
depth of 80 inches or more is greenish gray loamy sand.
Shell fragments are in the lower 28 inches of the
substratum.
Wabasso soils are on flatwoods. Typically, the surface
layer is very dark gray fine sand about 7 inches thick.
The subsurface layer is gray fine sand to a depth of
about 24 inches. The subsoil extends to a depth of 48
inches. The upper part of the subsoil is black and very
dark gray fine sand that is coated with organic matter,
and the lower part is dark brown and brown sandy loam.
The substratum to a depth of 80 inches or more is
brown loamy fine sand.
The soils of minor extent in this map unit are Boca,
Chobee, Floridana, Manatee, Oldsmar, Holopaw,
Malabar, and Winder soils.
The soils in most areas of this map unit are in natural
vegetation. Many areas are used for citrus and native
range (fig. 6). A few areas have been developed for
residential use, or are in improved pasture.
9. Winder -Riviera -Manatee
Nearly level, poorly drained and very poorly drained soils
that have a loamy subsoil at a depth of 20 inches or at a
depth of 20 to 40 inches; some are loamy throughout
and have a dark surface layer
This map unit consists of soils in broad sloughs,
depressions, and poorly defined drainageways. These
areas are interspersed with low hammocks. Areas of
these soils are scattered throughout the central part of
Indian River County. One large area is just south of
Florida State Road 60 and west of U.S. Interstate 95,
adjacent to the St. Lucie County line. Other areas of the
soils in this map unit are located between Ten Mile
Ridge and the Atlantic Coastal Ridge in the eastern one-
third of the survey area and also west of Fellsmere,
adjoining St. Johns Marsh and Brevard County.
The natural vegetation in most areas of this map unit
consists of south Florida slash pine, cabbage palm,
waxmyrtle, laurel oak, scattered sawpalmetto, pineland
threeawn, little blue maidencane, chalky bluestem, sand
cord grass, sawgrass, and various sedges and grasses.
In the depressional areas, the native vegetation consists
of red maple, cypress, water oak, waxmyrtle, scattered
cabbage palm, and an understory of ferns and water -
tolerant grasses. Other vegetation in more open
depressional areas includes maidencane, pickerelweed,
smartweed, St.-Johnswort, and Carolina willow.
This map unit makes up about 36,412 acres, or about
11.5 percent of the survey area. It is about 54 percent
Winder soils, 22 percent Riviera soils, 8 percent Manatee
soils, and 16 percent soils of minor extent.
Winder soils are poorly drained and are in low
hammocks, depressions, and poorly defined
drainageways. Typically, the surface layer is very dark
gray fine sand about 7 inches thick. The subsurface
layer is grayish brown fine sand to a depth of about 17
inches. The subsoil extends to a depth of 65 inches. The
upper 6 inches of the subsoil is grayish brown sandy
loam that has grayish brown loamy sand intrusions. The
lower part is gray sandy loam. The substratum to a depth
of 80 inches or more is greenish gray loamy sand and
shell fragments.
Riviera soils are poorly drained to very poorly drained
and are in broad sloughs, poorly defined drainageways,
low hammocks, and depressions. Typically, the surface
layer is very dark grayish brown fine sand about 3 inches
thick. The subsurface layer extends to a depth of 26
inches. The upper 11 inches of the subsurface layer is
light gray fine sand, and the lower 12 inches is light
brownish gray fine sand. The subsoil extends to a depth
of 40 inches. The upper 5 inches of the subsoil is gray
sandy loam that has intrusions and pockets of grayish
brown and dark grayish brown fine sand. The lower 9
inches is gray sandy loam. The substratum to a depth of
80 inches or more is gray and greenish gray loamy fine
sand.
Manatee soils are very poorly drained and are in
sloughs, depressions, poorly defined drainageways, and
on broad, low flats. Typically, the surface layer is black
Indian River County, Florida 17
Figure 6.—Young citrus trees planted on beds help provide good surface drainage on poorly drained soils In the Riviera-Pineda-Wabasso
map unit. Insulators are used for freeze protection and for disease and Insect control.
loamy fine sand about 12 inches thick. The subsoil is
fine sandy loam, sandy loam, and loamy fine sand to a
depth of 39 inches. The upper 10 inches of the subsoil is
very dark gray, the next 9 inches is dark gray, and the
lower 8 inches is dark grayish brown. The substratum
extends to a depth of 80 inches or more. The upper 12
inches of the substratum is light brownish gray loamy
fine sand. The lower 29 inches or more is light gray
loamy fine sand and shell fragments.
The soils of minor extent in this map unit are Chobee,
EauGallie, Floridana, Pineda, Oldsmar, Jupiter, and
Wabasso soils.
Most areas of this map unit are used for citrus. The
soils in a few areas remain in natural vegetation or have
been developed for residential use.
10. Boca-Wabasso-Riviera
Nearly level, poorly drained soils; some have a loamy
subsoil underlain by hard limestone at a depth of 40
inches, some have a dark sandy subsoil underlain by
loamy material at a depth of less than 40 inches, and
some have a loamy subsoil at a depth of 20 to 40 inches
This map unit consists of soils in sloughs and poorly
defined drainageways. These areas are interspersed with
low hammocks and scattered areas of flatwoods. The
only area of this map unit is in the extreme east -central
part of Indian River County, which is east of the Atlantic
Coastal Ridge and adjacent to the tidal marshes on the
mainland (see fig. 5).
If present, the natural vegetation in most areas is
south Florida slash pine, cabbage palm, waxmyrtle,
scattered sawpalmetto, laurel oak, pineland threeawn,
blue maidencane, and various sedges and grasses. In
the flatwoods, the native vegetation consists of slash
pine, scattered cabbage palm, sawpalmetto, waxmyrtle,
inkberry, pineland threeawn, bluestems, and panicums.
This map unit makes up about 4,223 acres, or about
1.3 percent of the survey area. It is about 34 percent
Boca soils, 13 percent Wabasso soils, 10 percent Riviera
soils, and 43 percent soils of minor extent.
Boca soils are on the flatwoods. Typically, the surface
layer is dark gray fine sand about 7 inches thick. The
subsurface layer is fine sand to a depth of about 20
inches. The upper 7 inches of the subsurface layer is
grayish brown, and the lower 6 inches is brown. The
subsoil is yellowish brown fine sandy loam to a depth of
24 inches. Below that is a layer of fractured limestone.
Wabasso soils are on the flatwoods. Typically, the
surface layer is very dark gray fine sand about 7 inches
thick. The subsurface layer is gray fine sand to a depth
of about 24 inches. The subsoil extends to a depth of
about 48 inches. The upper part of the subsoil is black
18
Soil Survey
and very dark gray fine sand that is coated with organic
matter, and the lower part is dark brown and brown
sandy loam. The substratum to a depth of about 80
inches or more is brown loamy fine sand.
Riviera soils are in sloughs and poorly defined
drainageways. These areas are interspersed with low
hammocks. Typically, the surface layer is very dark
grayish brown fine sand about 3 inches thick. The
subsurface layer, to a depth of 26 inches, is light gray
fine sand in the upper 11 inches, and light brownish gray
fine sand in the lower 12 inches, The subsoil extends to
a depth of 40 inches, The upper 5 inches of the subsoil
is gray sandy loam that has intrusions and pockets of
grayish brown and dark grayish brown fine sand. The
lower 9 inches is gray sandy loam. The substratum to a
depth of 80 inches or more is gray and greenish gray
loamy fine sand,
The soils of minor extent in this map unit are Chobee,
EauGallie, Jupiter, Oldsmar, Perrine Variant, Pompano,
Floridana, St, Augustine, Quartzipsamments, and Arents
soils.
Most areas of this map unit are used for citrus,
although some large areas have been developed for
residential use. A few areas remain in natural vegetation.
11. Myakka-Holopaw-Pompano
Nearly /eve% poorly drained soils that are sandy to a
depth of more than 40 inches; some have a dark sandy
subsoil at a depth of 20 to 30 inches, and some have a
loamy subsoil at a depth of more than 40 inches
This map unit consists of soils on broad, low flats and
in sloughs, poorly defined drainageways, and
depressional areas, These areas are interspersed with
slightly higher areas of flatwoods, The four areas that
make up this map unit are west of St, Johns Marsh,
They extend from Brevard County southward to the
Okeechobee County line. These four areas are
separated by major drainageways, which are Blue
Cypress Creek, Padgett Branch, Fort Drum Creek, and
Gum Slough. These drainageways empty into St. Johns
Marsh,
The natural vegetation on the broad, low flats and in
sloughs and poorly defined drainageways consists of
scattered slash pine, cabbage palm, and laurel oak,
waxmyrtle, maidencane, and a variety of other water -
tolerant grasses and sedges, In the depressional areas,
the native vegetation consists of baldcypress, red maple,
waxmyrtle, Carolina willow, St.-Johnswort, maidencane,
and other water -tolerant weeds and grasses. The slightly
higher areas of flatwoods consists mainly of slash pine,
sawpalmetto, pineland threeawn, waxmyrtle, cabbage
palm, and various weeds and grasses,
This map unit makes up about 15,948 acres, or about
5 percent of the survey area. It is about 19 percent
Myakka soils, 19 percent Holopaw soils, 19 percent
Pompano soils, and 43 percent soils of minor extent,
Myakka soils are poorly drained and are in the slightly
higher areas of flatwoods, which are interspersed
throughout this map unit. Typically, the surface layer is
black fine sand about 5 inches thick, The subsurface
layer is fine sand to a depth of 28 inches, The upper 15
inches of the subsurface layer is grayish brown, and the
lower 8 inches is light brownish gray, The subsoil
extends to a depth of 68 inches, It is black fine sand in
the upper 3 inches, dark reddish brown fine sand in the
next 8 inches, black fine sand in the next 11 inches,
black fine sand that is partially weakly cemented in the
next 8 inches, and very dark grayish brown fine sand in
the lower 10 inches, The substratum to a depth of 80
inches or more is dark brown fine sand.
Holopaw soils are poorly drained to very poorly
drained and are on broad, low flats and in poorly defined
drainageways and depressional areas, Typically, the
surface layer is very dark gray and dark grayish brown
fine sand about 12 inches thick, The subsurface layer
extends to a depth of 45 inches, The upper 18 inches of
the subsurface layer is pale brown fine sand, and the
lower 15 inches is grayish brown fine sand, The subsoil
is grayish brown sandy loam with pockets of brown fine
sand that extends to a depth of about 62 inches, The
substratum to a depth of 80 inches or more is olive gray
loamy fine sand.
Pompano soils are poorly drained to very poorly
drained and are, in sloughs, poorly defined drainageways,
and depressional areas, Typically, the surface layer is 16
inches thick, The upper 3 inches of the surface layer is
very dark gray fine sand, and the lower 13 inches is dark
grayish brown fine sand. The underlying layers are light
brownish gray and grayish brown fine sand to a depth of
80 inches or more,
The soils of minor extent in this map unit are Boca,
Chobee, Delray, EauGallie, Floridana, Gator, Jupiter,
Immokalee, Manatee, Oldsmar, Pineda, Riviera, and
Wabasso soils.
Most areas of this map unit are in improved pasture or
native rangeland. Some areas that have been drained
and cleared for cropland or pasture have since been left
idle and have reverted back to various types of wetlands.
Soils of the Freshwater Swamps and
Marshes
The two map units in this group consist of nearly level,
poorly drained to very poorly drained soils, These soils
are in freshwater swamps and marshes, on broad, low
flats, and in poorly defined drainageways and
depressions that are adjacent to or that drain into the
western edge of the St. Johns Marsh, Some of these
soils are organic throughout, some have a moderately
thick organic layer underlain by a sandy clay loam
subsoil, and some have a thin organic surface layer
underlain by a loamy subsoil within a depth of 20 to 40
inches of the surface. Also, some of these soils have a
Indian River County, Florida
19
dark surface layer that is 10 inches or more thick and
have a loamy subsoil at a depth of 20 to 40 inches or at
a depth of more than 40 inches. Some of these soils do
not have a dark surface layer that is 10 inches or more
thick but have a loamy subsoil at a depth of 20 to 40
inches or at a depth of more than 40 inches. These soils
are associated with St. Johns Marsh and the major
drainageways that empty into the marsh. These map
units are in the western part of Indian River County and
extend from Brevard County to St. Lucie County.
12. Terra Ceia-Gator-Canova
Nearly level, very poorly drained soils; some are organic
throughout, some have a moderately thick organic layer
underlain by a sandy clay loam subsoil, and some have
a thin organic surface layer underlain by a loamy subsoil
at a depth of 20 to 40 inches
This map unit consists of nearly level, very poorly
drained soils in freshwater swamps and marshes (fig. 7).
The one area of this map unit is the St. Johns Marsh in
the western part of Indian River County. The soils in this
map unit extend from Brevard County to St. Lucie
County.
The natural vegetation consists of a dense swamp
growth of red maple, redbay, cypress, Carolina willow,
primrose willow, waxmyrtle, pickerelweed, sawgrass,
Figure 7.—Typical pattern of soils and parent material In the Terra Cela-Gator-Canova map unit.
20
cattail, buttonbush, arrowhead, ferns, cutgrass, and
maidencane.
This map unit makes up about 60,513 acres, or about
19 percent of the survey area. It is about 58 percent
Terra Ceia soils, 21 percent Gator soils, 18 percent
Canova soils, and 3 percent soils of minor extent.
Typically, Terra Ceia soils have a surface layer that is
black muck about 38 inches thick. Below that is very
dark grayish brown muck to a depth of 60 inches or
more.
Typically, Gator soils have a surface layer that is very
dark brown muck about 26 inches thick. The next layer is
very dark gray sandy loam to a depth of 30 inches.
Underlying that to a depth of 40 inches is dark gray
sandy clay loam. The next layer is greenish gray sandy
clay loam and sandy loam with calcium carbonate
accumulations to a depth of about 62 inches. Below that
to a depth of 80 inches or more is greenish gray loamy
sand.
Canova soils typically have a surface layer of black
and very dark brown muck about 12 inches thick. The
next layer is black sand to a depth of 13 inches. Below
that, to a depth of 24 inches, is gray to grayish brown
sand, The subsoil extends to a depth of about 40 inches.
The upper 10 inches of the subsoil is grayish brown
sandy clay loam that has common coarse tongues of
grayish brown sand. The lower 6 inches is gray sandy
clay loam. The substratum to a depth of 80 inches or
more is greenish gray sandy clay loam and sandy loam
with calcium carbonate concretions and accumulations,
The soils of minor extent in this map unit are Chobee,
Delray, Floridana, Riviera, and Winder soils.
Most areas of this map unit are in natural vegetation.
Some areas have been drained and cleared and are
used for improved pasture or for corn, sorghum, and
other crops. Also, a small area that has a thin surface
layer of muck is used for citrus production.
13. Florldana-Delray-Holopaw
Nearly level, poorly drained to very poorly drained soils;
some have a loamy subsoil at a depth of 20 to 40
inches, some have a loamy subsoil at a depth of more
than 40 inches, and some have a dark surface layer that
is 10 inches or more thick
This map unit consists of soils on broad, low flats and
in poorly defined drainageways and depressions that are
adjacent to or that drain into the western edge of St.
Johns Marsh. Three areas make up this map unit and
extend from Brevard County southward to the
Okeechobee County line. Branches extend westward
from these areas by following the watercourses of Blue
Cypress Creek, Padgett Branch, and Fort Drum Creek.
The natural vegetation on the broad, low flats and in
the poorly defined drainageways consists of scattered
slash pine, laurel oak, cabbage palm, scattered
sawpalmetto, waxmyrtle, maidencane, sedges, and other
water -tolerant grasses. In the depressional areas, the
native vegetation consists of red maple, cypress, water
oak, redbay, waxmyrtle, Carolina willow, and an
understory of ferns and water -tolerant grasses. Other
vegetation in more open depressional areas includes
maidencane, pickerelweed, arrowhead, sand cordgrass,
St.-Johnswort, primrose willow, ferns, and cattail.
This map unit makes up about 9,009 acres, or about
2.8 percent of the survey area. It is about 25 percent
Floridana soils, 25 percent Delray soils, 15 percent
Holopaw soils, and 35 percent soils of minor extent.
Floridana soils are very poorly drained and are in
depressional areas. These soils are predominantly
throughout the major watercourses or drainageways that
empty into St. Johns Marsh. Typically, the surface layer
is about 14 inches thick. The upper 8 inches of the
surface layer is black sand. The lower 6 inches is light
brownish gray sand. The subsoil is gray sandy clay loam
to a depth of 37 inches. The substratum is gray sandy
loam to a depth of 53 inches, dark gray sandy loam to a
depth of 68 inches, and light gray sandy clay loam to a
depth of 80 inches or more.
Delray soils are very poorly drained. These soils are in
depressional areas along the extreme western edge.of
St. Johns Marsh. They intermittently are throughout the
major watercourses or drainageways that empty into the
marsh. Typically, the surface layer is about 21 inches
thick. The upper 3 inches of the surface layer is black
muck, the next 14 inches is black fine sand, and the
lower 4 inches is very dark grayish brown sand. The
subsurface layer, to a depth of 45 inches, is very dark
grayish brown and grayish brown sand. The subsoil is
dark grayish brown sandy clay loam to a depth of about
52 inches, The substratum to a depth of 80 inches or
more is gray sandy loam.
Holopaw soils are poorly drained to very poorly
drained and are on broad, low flats and in poorly defined
drainageways adjacent to the western edge of St. Johns
Marsh. These soils are also in depressional areas
throughout the major watercourses or drainageways that
empty into the marsh. Typically, the surface layer is very
dark gray and dark grayish brown fine sand about 12
inches thick. The subsurface layer extends to a depth of
about 45 inches. The upper 18 inches of the subsurface
layer is pale brown fine sand, and the lower 15 inches is
grayish brown fine sand. The subsoil is grayish brown
sandy loam that has pockets of brown fine sand that
extends to a depth of about 62 inches. The substratum
to a depth of 80 inches or more is olive gray loamy fine
sand.
The soils of minor extent in this map unit are Chobee,
Gator, Manatee, Oldsmar, Pompano, and Samsula soils.
Most areas of this map unit are in natural vegetation.
Some areas that were drained and cleared for cropland
or pasture have since been left idle, and these areas
have reverted back to various types of wetlands. Some
areas remain as improved pasture,
21
Detailed Soil Map Units
The map units on the detailed soil maps at the back of
this survey represent the soils in the survey area. The
map unit descriptions in this section, along with the soil
maps, can be used to determine the suitability and
potential of a soil for specific uses. They also can be
used to plan the management needed for those uses.
More information on each map unit, or soil, is given
under "Use and Management of the Soils."
Each map unit on the detailed soil maps represents an
area on the landscape and consists of one or more soils
for which the unit is named.
A number identifying the soil precedes the map unit
name in the soil descriptions. Each description includes
general facts about the soil and gives the principal
hazards and limitations to be considered in planning for
specific uses.
Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up
a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the
surface layer or of the underlying material, all the soils of
a series have major horizons that are similar in
composition, thickness, and arrangement.
Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface
layer or of the underlying material. They also can differ in
slope, stoniness, salinity, wetness, degree of erosion,
and other characteristics that affect their use. On the
basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil
phases. Most of the areas shown on the detailed soil
maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil
phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or
management. For example, Pineda fine sand,
depressional, is one of several phases in the Pineda
series.
Some map units are made up of two or more major
soils. These map units are called soil complexes.
A soil complex consists of two or more soils in such
an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they
cannot be shown separately on the soil maps. The
pattern and proportion of the soils are somewhat similar
in all areas. Boca -Urban land complex is an example.
Most map units include small scattered areas of soils
other than those for which the map unit is named. Some
of these included soils have properties that differ
substantially from those of the major soil or soils. Such
differences could significantly affect use and
management of the soils in the map unit. The included
soils are identified in each map unit description. Some
small areas of strongly contrasting soils are identified by
a special symbol on the soil maps.
This survey includes miscellaneous areas. Such areas
have little or no soil material and support little or no
vegetation. Urban land is an example. Miscellaneous
areas are shown on the soil maps. Some that are too
small to be shown are identified by a special symbol on
the soil maps.
Table 4 gives the acreage and proportionate extent of
each map unit. Other tables (see "Summary of Tables")
give properties of the soils and the limitations,
capabilities, and potentials for many uses. The Glossary
defines many of the terms used in describing the soils.
1—Canaveral fine sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes. This
soil is nearly level to gently sloping and somewhat poorly
drained to moderately well drained. It is on low, dunelike
ridges and side slopes bordering sloughs and mangrove
swamps. The mapped areas range from 20 to about 300
acres. Slopes are smooth to convex.
Typically, the surface layer is about 5 inches thick. It is
dark gray grading to gray fine sand mixed with about 10
percent sand -size shell fragments. The underlying layers
are light gray, light yellowish brown, very pale brown, and
light brownish gray fine sand mixed with about 10 to 40
percent sand -size, multicolored shell fragments to a
depth of 80 inches or more.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Quartzipsamments, St. Augustine, Palm Beach, and
Captiva soils. Also included are soils that are similar to
Canaveral soil but have a thicker, dark colored surface
layer or have steeper slopes, and also some soils that
are similar but have a thin discontinuous ledge of
limestone at various depths. The included soils make up
about 15 percent of the map unit.
In most years, under natural conditions, the water
table is at a depth of 10 to 40 inches of the surface for 2
to 6 months and within a depth of 60 inches for most of
the remainder of the year. Permeability is very rapid, and
the available water capacity is very low. Natural fertility
and the organic matter content are very low.
Native vegetation consists of sand live oak, cabbage
palm, scattered sawpalmetto, southern magnolia, and
scattered slash pine. The understory consists of inkberry,
pineland threeawn, and various weeds and grasses. In
many areas are Australian pine, cabbage palm, and a
sparse ground cover of various grasses and sedges.
22
Soil Survey
Under natural conditions, this Canaveral soil is not
suited to cultivated crops or improved pasture grasses.
Low available water capacity and low natural fertility
severely reduce the variety of grasses that can be grown
on this soil.
Under natural conditions, this soil is poorly suited to
citrus. However, if intensive management practices are
used, including irrigation and regular applications of
fertilizer, this soil has fair suitability for citrus. A close -
growing cover crop between trees protects the soil from
blowing.
This soil generally is not used for rangeland or forest
land. Canaveral soil is in the South Florida Coastal
Strand ecological plant community.
This soil has severe limitations for sanitary facilities,
building site development, and recreational uses. Water
control measures are needed to help overcome
excessive wetness. The sandy surface layer should be
stabilized for recreational uses. Water control measures
and sealing and lining of trench sanitary landfills and
sewage lagoons with impervious soil material can reduce
excessive seepage. Sidewalls of shallow excavations
should be shored. Native plants are best suited to
landscaping because of the droughtiness of the soil.
This Canaveral soil is in capability subclass Vls.
2—Chobee loamy fine sand. This soil is nearly level
and very poorly drained. It is in depressions and poorly
defined drainageways and on broad, low flats. The
mapped areas range from 5 to 10 acres in isolated
depressions and from 5 to 100 acres or more in other
areas. Slopes are smooth to concave. They are
dominantly less than 1 percent but range to 2 percent.
Typically, the surface layer is black loamy fine sand
about 5 inches thick. The subsoil extends to a depth of
about 46 inches. The upper 12 inches of the subsoil is
black sandy loam, the next 11 inches is very dark gray
sandy clay loam, the next 7 inches is dark grayish brown
sandy loam, and the lower 11 inches is gray sandy loam.
The substratum extends to a depth of 80 inches or
more. The upper 8 inches of the substratum is gray
loamy fine sand, and the lower 26 inches or more is
greenish gray loamy fine sand.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Floridana, Manatee, and Winder soils. Also included are
small areas of soils that are similar to Chobee soil but
have up to 4 inches of organic material on the surface.
Also there are a few areas of soils that have a limestone
ledge below the subsoil at a depth of 20 to 40 inches or
more and have a thin, soft marl layer in the upper part of
the subsoil. The included soils make up less than 20
percent of the map unit.
The water table is within a depth of 10 inches of the
surface for more than 6 months during most years. It is
above the surface for short periods after heavy rainfall
and at a depth of 10 to 30 inches for short periods
during dry seasons. The available water capacity is
medium throughout. Permeability is moderate in the
surface layer, moderately slow to slow in the subsoil, and
moderate in the substratum.
A large part of this soil is used for citrus, but some
areas are being used for improved pasture. The natural
vegetation in the depressional areas consists of red
maple, cypress, water oak, waxmyrtle, scattered
cabbage palm, and an understory of ferns and water -
tolerant grasses. On other open marsh areas are
maidencane, pickerelweed, smartweed, Carolina willow,
and patches of sawgrass.
Under natural conditions, this Chobee soil is too wet
for cultivated crops, citrus, and improved pasture.
Management practices needed are bedding, crop
rotation, and regular applications of fertilizer. Soil
improving crops and crop residue should be used to
protect the soil from erosion and maintain organic
matter.
The suitability of this soil for citrus is good if a water
control system that maintains good soil aeration to a
depth of about 4 feet is provided. Planting trees in beds
lowers the effective depth of the water table. A close -
growing cover crop should be maintained between the
tree rows to help control erosion. Regular applications of
fertilizer are needed.
The suitability of this soil for improved pasture grasses
is good. A water control system is needed for rapid
removal of excess surface water. If adequately fertilized,
high yields of pangolagrass, bahiagrass, and white clover
can be obtained. Grazing should be controlled to
maintain plant vigor.
The potential productivity of this soil for pine trees is
high, but a water control system is needed to remove
excessive surface water if the production potential is to
be realized. South Florida slash pine is better adapted to
this soil than other trees. Equipment limitations and
seedling mortality are the main concerns in
management.
This soil is well suited to desirable range plant
production. The dominant forage consists of blue
maidencane, chalky bluestem, and blue joint panicum.
Management practices should include deferred grazing.
Chobee soil is in the Slough range site.
This soil has severe limitations for sewage lagoons,
sanitary landfills, and shallow excavations. Water control
measures are needed to overcome excessive wetness.
This soil has severe limitations for dwellings without
basements, small commercial buildings, local roads and
streets, and playgrounds. Limitations are also severe for
septic tank absorption fields. Installing water control
measures, adding fill material, and mounding the septic
tank absorption field can help overcome excessive
wetness.
This Chobee soil is in capability subclass Illw.
3—EauGallle fine sand. This soil is deep, nearly level,
and poorly drained. It is on broad flatwoods. The
Indian River County, Florida
23
mapped areas range from 20 to 700 acres. Slopes are
smooth and range from 0 to 2 percent.
Typically, the surface layer is black grading to dark
gray fine sand about 15 inches thick. The subsurface
layer is gray fine sand to a depth of about 26 inches.
The subsoil extends to a depth of about 62 inches. The
upper 21 inches of the subsoil is black, very dark gray,
dark reddish brown, dark brown, brown fine sand, The
lower 15 inches is grayish brown or gray sandy loam.
The substratum is light brownish gray loamy fine sand to
a depth of about 80 inches.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Myakka, Pepper, Wabasso, and Oldsmar soils. Also
included are soils in scattered small wet depressions.
The included soils make up less than 15 percent of the
map unit.
In most years, the _water table is at a depth of less
than 10 inches of the surface for 2 to 4 months during
the wet season and within a depth of 40 inches for more
than 6 months. Permeability is rapid in the surface and
subsurface layers and moderate to moderately rapid in
the subsoil and substratum. The available water capacity
is very low in the surface and subsurface layers, low to
medium in the subsoil, and low in the substratum.
Natural fertility is low.
Most areas of this soil are in natural vegetation.
However, in areas that have been cleared, the dominant
use is for citrus. The natural vegetation is south Florida
slash pine, sawpalmetto, wiregrass, cabbage palm,
waxmyrtle, bluestems, panicums, and various other
grasses.
Citrus trees are well suited to this soil if a water
control system is installed to maintain the water table at
a depth of about 4 feet, Planting trees on beds lowers
the effective depth of the water table. A suitable cover
crop should be maintained between tree rows. Regular
applications of fertilizer and lime are needed.
This EauGallie soil has very severe limitations for
cultivated crops because of wetness and the sandy
texture in the root zone. However, if a water control
system is installed and soil improving measures used,
this soil has fair suitability for many vegetable crops. A
water control system is needed to remove excess water
in wet seasons and to provide for subsurface irrigation in
dry seasons. Soil improving crops and crop residue
should be used to protect the soil from erosion and
maintain organic matter. Seedbed preparation should
include bedding of rows. Fertilizer and lime should be
applied according to the need of the crop.
This soil has good suitability for improved pasture.
Pangolagrass, improved bahiagrass, and white clover
grow well if properly managed. Water control measures
are needed to remove the excess surface water after
heavy rains. Regular applications of lime and fertilizers
are needed. Overgrazing should be prevented.
The potential productivity of the soil for pine trees is
moderately high. Equipment limitations, seedling
mortality, and plant competition are the main concerns in
management. South Florida slash pine is the preferred
tree to plant,
This soil is moderately suited to desirable range plant
production. The dominant forage is creeping bluestem,
lopsided indiangrass, pineland threeawn, and chalky
bluestem. Management practices should include deferred
grazing and brush control, EauGallie soil is in the South
Florida Flatwoods range site.
This soil has severe limitations for sanitary facilities,
building site development, and recreational uses. Water
control measures are needed to overcome excessive
wetness. Septic tank absorption fields may need to be
enlarged because of slow permeability. Sealing or lining
of sewage lagoons with impervious soil material can
reduce excessive seepage. The sandy surface layer
should be stabilized for recreational uses. Sealing or
lining of trench sanitary landfills with impervious soil
material can reduce excessive seepage. Sidewalls of
shallow excavations should be shored.
This EauGallie soil is in capability subclass IVw.
4—Immokalee fine sand. This nearly level, poorly
drained soil is on broad flatwoods, The mapped areas
range from 5 to 300 acres. Slopes are smooth and range
from 0 to 2 percent.
Typically, the surface layer is very dark gray fine sand
about 5 inches thick. The subsurface layer is light gray
fine sand to a depth of 35 inches, The subsoil is very
dark gray fine sand to a depth of about 55 inches. Below
that to a depth of 80 inches or more is brown fine sand.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Myakka, Oldsmar, Pomello, Pompano, and Myakka
depressional soils. Also included are areas of soils that
are similar to Immokalee soil but have a subsoil that is
more than 28 inches thick. The included soils make up
15 percent of the map unit.
In most years, under natural conditions, the water
table is at a depth of 10 to 40 inches for more than 6
months and at a depth of less than 10 inches for 1 to 3
months during the wet season. Permeability is rapid in
the surface and subsurface layers and underlying
material, and it is moderate in the subsoil. The available
water capacity is very low in the surface and subsurface
layers and underlying material, and it is moderate in the
subsoil. Natural fertility and the organic matter content
are low.
Most areas of this soil are in natural vegetation
consisting of south Florida slash pine and scattered live
oak. The understory consists of sawpalmetto, running
oak, inkberry, fetterbush, waxmyrtle, pineland threeawn,
bluestems, panicums, and various other grasses.
Suitability of this soil for citrus trees is good if a water
control system is installed to maintain the water table at
a depth of about 4 feet. Planting trees on beds lowers
the effective depth of the water table. Regular
applications of lime and fertilizer are needed.
24
Soil Survey
Under natural conditions, this Immokalee soil is poorly
suited to cultivated crops because of wetness and the
sandy texture in the root zone. However, if a water
control system is installed and soil improving measures
are used, this soil has fair suitability for many vegetable
crops. A water control system is needed to remove
excess water in wet seasons and to provide for
subsurface irrigation in dry seasons. Soil improving crops
and crop residue should be used to protect the soil from
erosion and maintain organic matter. Other good
management practices are seedbed preparation,
including bedding of rows, and regular application of
fertilizer and lime.
This soil has good suitability for improved pasture.
Pangolagrass, improved bahiagrass, and white clover
grow well if properly managed. Water control measures
are needed to remove the excess surface water after
heavy rains. Regular applications of lime and fertilizers
are needed. Overgrazing should be prevented.
The potential productivity of this soil for pine trees is
moderate. Equipment limitations, seedling mortality, and
plant competition are the main concerns in management.
South Florida slash pine is the preferred tree to plant,
This soil is moderately suited to desirable range plant
production. The dominant forage is creeping bluestem,
lopsided indiangrass, pineland threeawn, south Florida
bluestem, and chalky bluestem. Management practices
should include deferred grazing and brush control,
Immokalee soil is in the South Florida Flatwoods range
site.
This soil has severe limitations for sanitary facilities,
building site development, and recreational uses. Water
control measures are needed to overcome excessive
wetness. Septic tank absorption fields may need to be
enlarged because of wetness. Sealing or lining of
sewage lagoons with impervious soil material can reduce
excessive seepage. The sandy surface layer should be
stabilized for recreational uses. Sealing or lining of
trench sanitary landfills with impervious soil material can
reduce excessive seepage. Sidewalls of shallow
excavations should be shored.
This Immokalee soil is in capability subclass IVw,
5—Myakka fine sand. This nearly level, poorly
drained soil is on broad flatwoods. The mapped areas
range from 20 to 350 acres. Slopes are smooth and
range from 0 to 2 percent.
Typically, the surface layer is black fine sand about 5
inches thick. The subsurface layer is fine sand to a
depth of about 28 inches. The upper 15 inches of the
subsurface layer is grayish brown, and the lower 8
inches is light brownish gray. The subsoil extends to a
depth of about 68 inches, It is black fine sand in the
upper 3 inches of the subsoil, dark reddish brown fine
sand in the next 8 inches, black fine sand in the next 11
inches, black fine sand that is partially weakly cemented
in the next 8 inches, and very dark grayish brown fine
sand in the lower 10 inches. The substratum to a depth
of 80 inches or more is dark brown fine sand.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
EauGallie, Immokalee, Pompano, Riviera, and Myakka
depressional soils. Also included are areas of soils that
are similar to Myakka soil but have a thicker, dark
colored surface layer, some soils in scattered small wet
depressions, and also soils that are similar to Myakka
soil but have a layer of shell fragments or limestone at a
depth of more than 60 inches. The included soils make
up about 15 percent of the map unit.
In most years, under natural conditions, the water
table is at a depth of 10 to 40 inches for more than 6
months and at a depth of less than 10 inches for 1 to 3
months during the wet season. Permeability is rapid in
the surface and subsurface layers and substratum, and it
is moderate to moderately rapid in the subsoil. The
available water capacity is very low in the surface and
subsurface layers and substratum, and it is moderate in
the subsoil. Natural fertility and organic matter content
are low.
Most areas of this soil are in natural vegetation
consisting of south Florida slash pine, The understory
consists of sawpalmetto, running oak, inkberry,
fetterbush, waxmyrtle, pineland threeawn, bluestems,
panicums, and other grasses.
Suitability of this soil for citrus trees is good if a water
control system is installed to maintain the water table at
a depth of about 4 feet. Planting trees on beds lowers
the effective depth of the water table. A suitable cover
crop should be maintained between tree rows to control
erosion and protect the soil from blowing. Regular
applications of lime and fertilizer are needed.
This Myakka soil has very severe limitations to
cultivated crops because of wetness and the sandy
texture in the root zone, However, if a water control
system is installed and soil improving measures are
used, it has a fair suitability for many vegetable crops. A
water control system generally is needed to remove
excess water in wet seasons and to provide for
subsurface irrigation in dry seasons, Soil improving crops
and crop residue should be used to protect the soil from
erosion and maintain organic matter. Seedbed
preparation should include bedding of rows. Fertilizer
and lime should be applied according to the need of the
crop.
This soil has a good suitability for improved pasture.
Pangolagrass, improved bahiagrass, and white clover
grow well if properly managed. Water control measures
are normally needed to remove the excess surface water
after heavy rains. Regular applications of lime and
fertilizers are needed. Overgrazing should be prevented.
The potential productivity of this soil for pine trees is
moderate. Equipment limitations, seedling mortality, and
plant competition are the main concerns in management.
South Florida slash pine is the preferred tree to plant.
Indian River County, Florida
25
This soil is moderately suited to desirable range plant
production, The dominant forage is creeping bluestem,
lopsided indiangrass, pineland threeawn, and chalky
bluestem. Management practices should include deferred
grazing and brush control. Myakka soil is in the South
Florida Flatwoods range site.
This soil has severe limitations for dwellings without
basements, small commercial buildings, local roads and
streets, and sewage lagoons, Water control measures
are needed to overcome excessive wetness, Sealing or
lining of sewage lagoons can reduce excessive seepage,
This soil has severe limitations for septic tank absorption
fields, recreational uses, trench sanitary landfills, and
shallow excavations, Septic tank absorption fields may
need to be enlarged because the permeability of this soil
is lower than is acceptable, Water control measures help
overcome excessive wetness, The sandy surface layer
should be stabilized for recreational uses, Sealing or
lining of trench sanitary landfills with impervious soil
material can reduce excessive seepage, Side walls of
shallow excavations should be shored,
This Myakka soil is in capability subclass IVw,
6—Oldsmar fine sand. This soil is deep, nearly level,
and poorly drained. It is on broad flatwoods, The
mapped areas range from 20 to 300 acres, Slopes are
smooth and range from 0 to 2 percent.
Typically, the surface layer is black fine sand about 5
inches thick, The subsurface layer is light brownish gray
fine sand to a depth of about 32 inches, The subsoil
extends to a depth of about 62 inches. The upper 18
inches of the subsoil is black, dark reddish brown, and
dark brown fine sand, and the lower 12 inches is grayish
brown sandy loam, The substratum is light brownish gray
loamy fine sand to a depth of 80 inches or more,
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
EauGallie, Holopaw, Malabar, and Wabasso soils, Also
included are soils in scattered small wet depressions.
The included soils make up less than 15 percent of the
map unit,
In most years, the water table is at a depth of less
than 10 inches of the surface for 2 to 4 months during
the wet season and within a depth of 40 inches for more
than 6 months, Permeability is rapid in the surface and
subsurface layers, moderate to moderately rapid in the
upper part of the subsoil, and slow in the lower part, The
available water capacity is very low in the surface and
subsurface layers and low to medium in the subsoil.
Natural fertility is low,
Most areas of this soil are in natural vegetation.
However, in areas that have been cleared, the dominant
use is for citrus, The natural vegetation consists of south
Florida slash pine, sawpalmetto, inkberry, rusty lyonia,
blackroot, pennyroyal, pineland threeawn, chalky
bluestem, panicum, and various other weeds and
grasses,
Suitability of this soil for citrus trees is good if a water
control system is installed to maintain the water table at
a depth of about 4 feet, Planting trees on beds lowers
the effective depth of the water table, A suitable cover
crop should be maintained between tree rows to control
erosion and protect the soil from blowing, Regular
applications of fertilizers and lime are needed,
This Oldsmar soil has very severe limitations for
cultivated crops because of wetness and the sandy
texture in the root zone, However, if a water control
system is installed and soil improving measures are
used, this soil has fair suitability for many vegetable
crops, A water control system is needed to remove
excess water in wet seasons and provide for subsurface
irrigation in dry seasons, Soil improving crops and crop
residue should be used to protect the soil from erosion
and maintain organic matter, Seedbed preparation
should include bedding of rows, Fertilizer and lime
should be applied according to the need of the crop.
This soil has good suitability for improved pasture.
Pangolagrass, improved bahiagrass, and white clover
grow well if properly managed. Water control measures
are needed to remove the excess surface water after
heavy rains, Regular applications of lime and fertilizers
are needed. Overgrazing should be prevented.
The potential productivity of this soil for pine trees is
moderately high. Equipment limitations, seedling
mortality, and plant competition are the main concerns in
management, South Florida slash pine is the preferred
tree to plant,
This soil is moderately suited to desirable range plant
production, The dominant forage is creeping bluestem,
lopsided indiangrass, pineland threeawn, and chalky
bluestem, Management practices should include deferred
grazing and brush control. Oldsmar soil is in the South
Florida Flatwoods range site,
This soil has severe limitations for sanitary facilities,
building site development, and recreational uses. Water
control measures are needed to overcome excessive
wetness, Septic tank absorption fields may need to be
enlarged because of slow permeability. Sealing or lining
of sewage lagoons can reduce excessive seepage. The
sandy surface layer should be stabilized for recreational
uses, Sealing or lining of trench sanitary landfills with
impervious soil material can reduce excessive seepage,
Sidewalls of shallow excavations should be shored,
This Oldsmar soil is in capability subclass IVw,
7—Palm Beach sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes. This
soil is nearly level to gently sloping and well drained to
excessively drained. It is on dunelike ridges that are
parallel to the coastline. The acreage mapped is in one
linear unit that varies from 100 feet in width to more than
1,600 feet, This map unit is adjacent to the beach,
Slopes are mainly 0 to 5 percent but can range from 0 to
8 percent (fig, 8).
41
Soil Survey
Figure 8.—A dune crossover on Palm Beach sand provides beach access but primarily serves as a form of erosion control to Insure dune
stabilization.
Typically, the surface layer is very dark gray sand
about 4 inches thick. The underlying material to a depth
of 65 inches is sand that has stratified layers of shell
fragments throughout. The upper 16 inches of the
underlying material is grayish brown sand, and the lower
45 inches is pale brown sand. Below that to a depth of
80 inches or more is very pale brown sand.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Canaveral soils. Also included are areas of soils that
have a thick, dark surface layer. The included soils make
up less than 10 percent of the map unit.
This soil is low in natural fertility and organic matter
content. It is moderately alkaline throughout. Permeability
is very rapid, and the available water capacity is very
low. This soil is droughty. It has no water table within a
depth of 80 inches.
A large part of the acreage is in natural vegetation.
The natural vegetation consists of cabbage palm, scrub
oak, sawpalmetto, seagrape, and pricklypear cacti (fig.
9).
This Palm Beach soil is not suited to cropland, citrus,
or improved pasture because of droughtiness and low
fertility. Some areas of this soil are used for sites for
buildings or recreation use.
This soil generally is not used for woodland or
rangeland. Palm Beach soil is in the South Florida
Coastal Strand ecological plant community.
This soil has slight limitations for septic tank
absorption fields, dwellings with or without basements,
and local roads and streets. No corrective measures are
needed. Land shaping may be needed on the more
sloping areas. Limitations are severe for recreational
uses, sanitary landfills, sewage lagoons, and shallow
excavations. The sandy surface layer must be stabilized
for recreational uses, and land shaping may be needed
on the more sloping areas. Sealing or lining of sanitary
Indian River County, Florida
27
landfills and sewage lagoons with impervious soil
material generally reduces excessive seepage. Shoring
of sidewalls for shallow excavations is needed,
This Palm Beach soil is in capability subclass Vlls.
8—Paola sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes. This soil is
nearly level to gently sloping and excessively drained. It
is on the Atlantic Coastal Ridge. The mapped areas
range from about 10 to 100 acres. Slopes are smooth to
convex.
Typically, the surface layer is dark gray sand about 2
inches thick. The subsurface layer is grayish brown sand
to a depth of about 9 inches. Below that is yellowish
brown and strong brown sand to a depth of 80 inches or
more.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Archbold, Astatula, Pomello, Satellite, and St. Lucie soils.
Also included are areas of soils that are similar to Paola
soil but have a thicker subsurface layer. The included
soils make up less than 20 percent of the map unit.
The water table is a depth of more than 6 feet
throughout the year. Permeability is very rapid, and the
available water capacity is very low throughout, Natural
fertility and the organic matter content are very low.
Most areas of this soil remain in native vegetation
consisting of sand pine, scrub live oak, rosemary,
sawpalmetto, Chapman oak, goldleaf goldaster,
pricklypear cacti, mosses, and lichens. Scrub hickory
trees are in some areas.
This Paola soil is not suited to cultivated crops, citrus,
or improved pasture. Droughtiness and low natural
fertility are the main limitations. Suitability for citrus is
poor. Citrus production is only fair if intensive
management practices are used. Management practices
should include irrigation and regular applications of
fertilizer and lime. A close -growing cover crop must be
maintained between tree rows to protect the soil from
blowing.
The potential productivity for pine trees is low.
Equipment limitations and seedling mortality are the main
concerns in management. Sand pine is the best tree to
plant.
This soil is poorly suited to desirable range plant
production. The vegetative community consists of a
dense, woody understory of sawpalmetto, Florida
rosemary, scrub oak, indiangrass, creeping bluestem,
beaked panicums, and perennial legumes. Although this
site is seldom grazed by livestock, it does furnish winter
Figure 9.—An area of native vegetation on Palm Beach sand on high dunellke ridges on the barrier Island along the Atlantic coast.
28
Soil Survey
protection. Paola soil is in the Sand Pine Scrub range
site.
This soil has slight limitations for septic tank
absorption fields, dwellings without basements, and local
roads and streets. No corrective measures are needed,
but the proximity to a stream or canal should be
considered when installing a septic tank absorption field
to prevent lateral seepage and pollution. This soil has
slight limitations for small commercial buildings. Land
shaping may be needed on the more sloping soils. This
soil has severe limitations for recreational uses, trench
sanitary landfills, and shallow excavations. The sandy
surface layer should be stabilized for recreational uses,
and land shaping may be needed on the more sloping
soils. Sealing or lining of trench sanitary landfills with
impervious soil material generally reduces excessive
seepage. Sidewalls of shallow excavations should be
shored. This soil has severe limitations for sewage
lagoons. Sealing or lining of sewage lagoons with
impervious soil material can reduce excessive seepage.
This Paola soil is in capability subclass Vls.
9—Pepper sand. This soil is deep, nearly level, and
poorly drained. It is on broad flatwoods. The mapped
areas range from 20 to 400 acres. Slopes are smooth
and range from 0 to 2 percent.
Typically, the surface layer is 8 inches thick. The upper
2 inches of the surface layer is very dark gray sand, and
the lower 6 inches is dark gray sand. The subsurface
layer is gray sand to a depth of about 22 inches. The
subsoil extends to a depth of 60 inches or more. It is
black noncemented sand in the upper 5 inches of the
subsoil, black strongly cemented sand in the next 5
inches, dark brown sand in the next 7 inches, dark
grayish brown sand in the next 8 inches, and grayish
brown sandy loam in the lower 13 inches or more.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
EauGallie, Malabar, Myakka, Oldsmar, and Wabasso
soils. Also included are a few areas of soils that are not
weakly cemented and also a few areas of soils that have
only fragments of weakly cemented spodic bodies. The
included soils make up less than 20 percent of the map
unit.
In most years, the water table is at a depth of less
than 10 inches of the surface for 2 to 4 months during
the wet season and within a depth of 40 inches for more
than 6 months. Permeability is rapid in the surface and
subsurface layers and slow to very slow in the subsoil.
The available water capacity is very low in the surface
and subsurface layers and low to medium in the subsoil.
Natural fertility and the organic matter content are low.
Most areas of this soil are in natural vegetation. The
natural vegetation consists of south Florida slash pine,
sawpalmetto, running oak, inkberry, waxmyrtle,
fetterbush, pineland threeawn, chalky bluestem,
panicums, and various other weeds and grasses.
The suitability of this soil for citrus trees is good if a
water control system is installed to maintain the water
table at a depth of about 4 feet. Planting trees on beds
lowers the effective depth of the water table. A suitable
cover crop should be maintained between rows to
control erosion and protect the soil from blowing.
Regular applications of fertilizer and lime are needed.
This Pepper soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops
because of wetness and the sandy texture in the root
zone. However, if a water control system is installed and
soil improving measures are used, this soil is moderately
well suited to many vegetable crops. A water control
system is needed to remove excess water in wet
seasons and to provide for subsurface irrigation in dry
seasons. Soil improving crops and crop residue should
be used to protect the soil from erosion and maintain
organic matter. Seedbed preparation should include
bedding of rows. Fertilizer and lime should be applied
according to the need of the crop.
This soil has good suitability for improved pasture.
Pangolagrass, improved bahiagrass, and white clover
grow well if properly managed. Water control measures
are needed to remove the excess surface water after
heavy rains. Regular applications of lime and fertilizers
are needed. Overgrazing should be prevented.
The potential productivity of this soil for pine trees is
moderately high. Equipment limitations, seedling
mortality, and plant competition are the main concerns in
management. South Florida slash pine is the preferred
tree to plant.
This soil is moderately suited to desirable range plant
production. The dominant forage is creeping bluestem,
lopsided indiangrass, pineland threeawn, south Florida
bluestem, and chalky bluestem. Management practices
should include deferred grazing and brush control.
Pepper soil is in the South Florida Flatwoods range site.
This soil has severe limitations for sanitary facilities,
building site development, and recreational uses. Water
control measures are needed to overcome excessive
wetness. Septic tank absorption fields may need to be
enlarged because of slow permeability. Sealing or lining
of sewage lagoons can reduce excessive seepage. The
sandy surface layer should be stabilized for recreational
uses. Sealing or lining of trench sanitary landfills with
impervious soil material can reduce excessive seepage.
Sidewalls of shallow excavations should be shored.
This Pepper soil is in capability subclass IVw.
10—Riviera fine sand. This soil is nearly level and
poorly drained. It is on low hammocks and in poorly
defined drainageways and broad, low sloughs. The
mapped areas range from 20 to 50 acres. Slopes are
smooth to concave and range from 0 to 2 percent.
Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish brown
fine sand about 3 inches thick. The subsurface layer is
23 inches thick. The upper 11 inches of the subsurface
layer is light gray fine sand, and the lower 12 inches is
Indian River County, Florida
light brownish gray fine sand. The subsoil extends to a
depth of 40 inches. The upper 5 inches of the subsoil is
gray sandy loam that has intrusions and pockets of
grayish brown and dark grayish brown fine sand. The
lower 9 inches is gray sandy loam. The substratum to a
depth of 80 inches or more is gray and greenish gray
loamy fine sand that has a few pockets of light brownish
gray. fine sand.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Holopaw, Floridana, Manatee, Oldsmar, Pineda,
Wabasso, and Winder soils. Also included are areas of
soils that have a weakly stained layer of organic material
above the subsoil and extending into it and also other
areas of soils that have small fragments or nodules of
iron cemented sandstone or calcareous material at a
depth of 10 to 30 inches. The included soils make up
less than 15 percent of the map unit.
The water table is within a depth of 10 inches of the
surface for 1 to 6 months and between a depth of 10 to
40 inches for more than 6 months. It recedes to a depth
of more than 40 inches during extended dry periods. The
water table is above the surface for short periods after
heavy rainfall. The available water capacity is very low in
the surface and subsurface layers, low in the upper part
of the subsoil and moderate in the lower part, and low in
the substratum. Permeability is rapid in the surface and
subsurface layers, slow to very slow in the subsoil, and
moderately rapid in the substratum. Natural fertility and
the organic matter content are low.
A large part of the acreage of this soil has been
cleared and is planted to citrus (fig. 10). Natural
vegetation consists of scattered slash pine, cabbage
palm, waxmyrtle, scattered palmetto, laurel oak, blue
maidencane, pineland threeawn, creeping bluestem,
south Florida bluestem, sand cordgrass, low panicums,
and various weeds and grasses.
Under natural conditions, this Riviera soil is poorly
suited to cultivated crops. However, it is fairly suited to
vegetable crops if a water control system is installed to
remove excess water rapidly and provide for subsurface
irrigation. Soil improving crops and crop residue should
be used to protect the soil from erosion and maintain
organic matter. Seedbed preparation should include
bedding of rows. Fertilizer should be applied according
to the need of the crop.
Suitability of this soil for citrus trees is good if a water
control system is installed to maintain the water table at
a depth of about 4 feet. Planting the trees on beds
provides good surface drainage. A close -growing cover
Figure 10.—These citrus trees planted on beds have a close -growing cover crop to protect the soil from blowing.
30
Soil Survey
crop between tree rows protects the soil from blowing.
Regular applications of fertilizers should be applied,
This soil has good suitability for pasture and hay
crops. Pangolagrass, improved bahiagrass, and clover
grow well if properly managed. Management practices
should include a water control system to remove excess
surface water after heavy rains, regular applications of
fertilizer, and controlled grazing.
The potential productivity of this soil for pine trees is
moderately high. South Florida slash pine is the best
adapted specie to plant. Water control measures are
necessary to remove excess surface water, Equipment
limitations and seedling mortality are the main concerns
in management.
This soil is highly suited to desirable range plant
production. The dominant forage is creeping bluestem,
chalky bluestem, and blue maidencane. Management
practices should include deferred grazing and brush
control. Riviera soil is in the Cabbage Palm Flatwoods
range site.
This soil has severe limitations for building site
development, sanitary facilities, and recreational uses.
Water control measures are needed to overcome
excessive wetness, Sealing or lining of sewage lagoons
and trench sanitary landfills with impervious soil material
generally reduces excessive seepage. Mounding of the
septic tank absorption field can help overcome
excessive wetness. The sandy surface layer should be
stabilized for recreational uses. Sidewalls of shallow
excavations should be shored.
This Riviera soil is in capability subclass Illw.
11—St. Lucie sand, 0 to 8 percent slopes. This soil
is deep, nearly level to sloping, and excessively drained.
It is on the Atlantic Coastal Ridge and other elevated
knolls on the flatwoods. The mapped areas range from
about 20 to 200 acres. Slopes generally are uniform.
Typically, the surface layer is gray sand about 3 inches
thick. The underlying material is white sand to a depth of
80 inches or more.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Archbold, Astatula, Paola, Pomello, and Satellite soils.
Also included are small areas of soils that are similar to
St. Lucie soil but have a brownish yellow fine sand layer
at a depth of 70 inches or more. Because of the
excavation of St. Lucie soil for fill material, the soils in
these areas have short, steep slopes that range from 20
to 40 percent. The included soils make up less than 15
percent of the map unit.
The water table is at a depth of more than 72 inches.
The available water capacity is very low, and
permeability is very rapid, Natural fertility and the organic
matter content are very low.
Most areas of this soil are in native vegetation
consisting of sand pine, scrub and sand live oak,
sawpalmetto, Florida rosemary, pricklypear cacti, goldleaf
goldaster, lichens, and deer moss. Pineland threeawn
and bluestems are the most common native grasses, but
these grasses can be quite sparse because of the
droughty nature of the soil.
Under natural conditions, this soil is not suited to
cultivated crops, citrus, or improved pasture because it is
very droughty and has low natural fertility. Response to
fertilizers is low. Irrigation water moves through the soil
rapidly, and little moisture is retained for plant use.
The potential productivity for pine trees is low.
Equipment limitations and seedling mortality are the main
concerns in management. Sand pine is the. preferred
tree to plant,
This soil is poorly suited to desirable range plant
production. The vegetative community consists of a
dense, woody understory of sawpalmetto, Florida
rosemary, scrub oak, indiangrass, creeping bluestem,
beaked panicums, and perennial legumes. Although this
site is seldom grazed by livestock, it does furnish winter
protection. St. Lucie soil is in the Sand Pine Scrub range
site.
This soil has slight limitations to septic tank absorption
fields, dwellings without basements, and local roads and
streets. No corrective measures are needed, although
the proximity to a stream or canal should be considered
in the placement of a septic tank absorption field to
prevent lateral seepage and pollution. This soil has slight
limitations for small commercial buildings. Land shaping
may be needed on the more sloping areas. This soil has
severe limitations for recreational uses, trench sanitary
landfills, and shallow excavations. The sandy surface
layer should be stabilized for recreational uses, and land
shaping may be needed on the more sloping areas.
Sealing or lining of trench sanitary landfills with
impervious soil material can reduce excessive seepage,
Sidewalls for shallow excavations should be shored. This
soil has severe limitations for sewage lagoons. Sealing
or lining of sewage lagoons with impervious soil material
can reduce excessive seepage.
This St. Lucie soil is in capability subclass Vlls.
12—Archbold sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes. This soil
is nearly level to sloping and moderately well drained, It
is on the Atlantic Coastal Ridge and other elevated
knolls on the flatwoods. The mapped areas range from
20 to 200 acres. Slopes are smooth to convex.
Typically, the surface layer is gray sand about 2 inches
thick. The underlying material extends to a depth of
more than 80 inches. The upper 36 inches of the
underlying material is white sand, the next 13 inches is
light gray sand, and the lower 29 inches or more is gray
sand.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Astatula, Jonathan, Orsino, Pomello, and Satellite soils,
The included soils make up less than 15 percent of the
map unit,
The water table is at a depth of 40 to 60 inches for
more than 6 months during most years, between a depth
Indian River County, Florida
31
of 24 to 40 inches for about 1 to 4 months during the
wet season, and at a depth of more than 80 inches
during droughty periods. Permeability is very rapid
throughout. The available water capacity is very low.
Natural fertility and the organic matter content are very
low.
Most areas of this soil remain in natural vegetation.
The natural vegetation consists of slash pine, sand pine,
sawpalmetto, scrub oak, fetterbush, running oak, turkey
oak, longleaf pine, indiangrass, broomsedge bluestem
and other bluestem species, and pineland threeawn.
In its natural state, this Archbold soil is poorly suited to
cultivated crops. Citrus 'is fairly well suited if good
management practices are used. Management practices
include irrigation and regular applications of fertilizer and
lime. A close -growing cover crop between trees protects
the soil from blowing.
This soil has poor suitability for improved pasture
grasses. Intensive management practices are needed to
overcome soil limitations, which include droughtiness
and low fertility. Bahiagrass is better adapted to this soil
than most other grasses. Clover is not suited to this soil.
The potential productivity of this soil for pine trees is
moderately high. Seedling mortality and equipment
limitations are the main concerns in management. South
Florida slash pine and sand pine are the preferred trees
to plant.
This soil is poorly suited to desirable range plant
production. The vegetative community consists of a
dense, woody understory of sawpalmetto, Florida
rosemary, scrub oak, indiangrass, creeping bluestem,
beaked panicums, perennial legumes, and various other
grasses. Although this site is seldom grazed by livestock,
it does furnish winter protection. Archbold soil is in the
Sand Pine Scrub range site.
This soil is well suited to dwellings without basements,
small commercial buildings, and local roads and streets.
No corrective measures are needed. These soils have
severe limitations for septic tank absorption fields and
recreational uses. Water control measures are needed
for septic tank absorption fields. The sandy surface layer
should be stabilized for recreational uses. Sidewalls of
shallow excavations should be shored. These soils have
severe limitations for trench sanitary landfills and sewage
lagoons. Sealing or lining of trench sanitary landfills and
sewage lagoons with impervious soil material can reduce
excessive seepage. Water control measures are needed
for trench sanitary landfills.
This Archbold soil is in capability subclass Vls.
13—Wabasso fine sand. This soil is nearly level and
poorly drained. It is on broad flatwoods. Individual
mapped areas are 20 to 300 acres. Slopes are 0 to 2
percent.
Typically, the surface layer is very dark gray fine sand
about 7 inches thick. The subsurface layer is gray fine
sand to a depth of about 24 inches. The subsoil extends
to a depth of about 48 inches. The upper 8 inches of the
subsoil is black fine sand that is coated with colloidal
organic matter. The next 3 inches is very dark gray fine
sand. The next 6 inches is dark brown sandy loam. The
lower 7 inches is brown fine sandy loam. The substratum
to a depth of about 80 inches or more is brown loamy
fine sand.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Boca, EauGallie, Oldsmar, Riviera, and Winder soils.
Also included are areas of soils that are similar to
Wabasso soil but have a thicker, dark colored surface
layer and also some areas of soils in scattered small wet
depressions. The included soils make up less than 15
percent of the map unit.
The water table is at a depth of 10 to 40 inches for
more than 6 months in most years and at a depth of less
than 10 inches for 1 to 2 months. The available water
capacity is very low in the surface and subsurface layers,
medium in the subsoil, and low in the substratum.
Permeability is rapid in the surface and subsurface
layers, moderate in the sandy part of the subsoil, and
slow or very slow in the loamy part. Natural fertility is
low.
Most areas of this soil are in citrus, although some
areas remain in natural vegetation. The natural
vegetation consists of slash pine, scattered cabbage
palm, sawpalmetto, waxmyrtle, fetterbush, inkberry,
pineland threeawn, bluestems, panicums, and other
grasses.
The suitability of this soil for citrus trees is good if a
water control system is installed to maintain the water
table at a depth of about 4 feet. Planting trees on beds
lowers the effective depth of the water table. A suitable
cover crop should be maintained between tree rows to
control erosion and protect the soil from blowing.
Regular applications of lime and fertilizer are needed.
This Wabasso soil has very severe limitations for
cultivated crops because of wetness and the sandy
texture in the root zone. However, if a water control
system is installed and soil improving measures are
used, this soil has fair suitability for many vegetable
crops. A water control system is needed to remove
excess water in wet seasons and to provide for
subsurface irrigation in dry seasons. Soil improving crops
and crop residue should be used to protect the soil from
erosion and maintain organic matter. Seedbed
preparation should include bedding of' rows. Fertilizer
and lime should be applied according to the need of the
crop.
This soil has good suitability for pasture. Pangolagrass,
improved bahiagrass, and white clover grow well if
properly managed. Water control measures are needed
to remove the excess surface water after heavy rains.
Regular applications of lime and fertilizers are needed.
Overgrazing should be prevented.
The potential productivity of this soil for pine trees is
moderately high. Equipment limitations, seedling
32
Soil Survey
mortality, and plant competition are the main concerns in
management. South Florida slash pine is the preferred
tree to plant.
This soil is moderately suited to desirable range plant
production. The dominant forage is creeping bluestem,
lopsided indiangrass, pineland threeawn, and chalky
bluestem. Management practices should include deferred
grazing and brush control. Wabasso soil is in the South
Florida Flatwoods range site.
This soil has severe limitations for dwellings without
basements, small commercial buildings, local roads and
streets, and sewage lagoons. Water control measures
are needed to overcome excessive wetness. Septic tank
absorption fields may need to be enlarged because of
slow permeability. Sealing or lining of sewage lagoons
can reduce excessive seepage. This soil has severe
limitations for septic tank absorption fields, recreational
uses; trench sanitary landfills, and shallow excavations,
Water control measures generally are needed to
overcome excessive wetness. The sandy surface layer
should be stabilized for recreational uses. Sealing or
lining of trench sanitary landfills with impervious soil
material can reduce excessive seepage, Sidewalls of
shallow excavations should be shored.
This Wabasso soil is in capability subclass IIIw.
14—Winder fine sand. This soil is nearly level and
poorly drained. It is on low hammocks and in poorly
defined drainageways. The mapped areas range from 10
to 35 acres. Slopes are concave and range from 0 to 2
percent.
Typically, the surface layer is very dark gray fine sand
about 7 inches thick. The subsurface layer is grayish
brown fine sand to a depth of about 17 inches. The
subsoil extends to a depth of 65 inches. The upper 6
inches of the subsoil is grayish brown sandy loam that
has yellowish brown mottles and grayish brown loamy
sand intrusions. The next 11 inches is gray sandy loam
that has yellowish brown and yellow mottles, the next 14
inches is gray sandy loam that has yellowish brown and
light olive brown mottles, and the .lower 17 inches is gray
sandy loam that has light olive brown mottles. The
substratum to a depth of 80 inches or more is greenish
gray loamy sand and shell fragments.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Chobee, Jupiter, Manatee, Pineda, and Riviera soils.
Also included are soils that are similar to Winder soil that
have a dark surface layer more than 7 inches thick and
also soils that have accumulations of calcium carbonate
concretions in the subsurface layer and in the upper part
of the subsoil. The included soils make up about 15
percent of the map unit.
In most years, under natural conditions, the water
table is within a depth of 0 to 10 inches of the surface
for 2 to 4 months and between a- depth of 10 to 40
inches for about 4 to 6 months or more. Only for short
periods in dry seasons is the water table below a depth
of 40 inches. The available water capacity is very low in
the surface and subsurface layers. It is moderate in the
subsoil and low in the substratum. Permeability is slow in
the subsoil and rapid in the surface and subsurface
layers. Natural fertility is low.
Most of the acreage of this soil has been cleared and
planted to citrus. The natural vegetation consists of
cabbage palm, laurel oak, and slash pine and an
understory of waxmyrtle, blue maidencane, chalky
bluestem, sand cordgrass, sawgrass, sedges, and other
water -tolerant grasses and weeds.
This Winder soil has severe limitations for cultivated
crops, It has fair suitability for vegetable crops if a water
control system is installed to remove excess water
rapidly and provide for subsurface irrigation. Soil
improving crops and crop residue should be used to
protect the soil from erosion and maintain organic
matter. Seedbed preparation should include bedding of
rows, Fertilizer should be applied according to the need
of the crop.
Citrus trees are well suited to this soil if a water
control system is installed to help maintain the water
table at a depth of about 4 feet. Planting the trees on
beds provides good surface drainage. A close -growing
cover crop should be maintained between tree rows to
protect the soil from blowing. Regular applications of
fertilizers are needed.
The suitability of this soil is good for pasture and hay
crops, Pangolagrass, improved bahiagrass, and clover
grow well if properly managed. Management practices
should include a water control system to remove excess
surface water after heavy rains, regular applications of
fertilizers, and controlled grazing.
The potential productivity of this soil for pine trees is
high. Slash pine is the best adapted specie to plant.
Water control measures are necessary to remove excess
surface water. Equipment limitations and seedling
mortality are additional concerns in management.
This soil is poorly suited to desirable range plant
production. The vegetative community consists of
cabbage palm, live oak, scattered sawpalmetto,
grapevine, and wild coffee. Because of the dense
canopy of palm trees, this site is a preferred shading and
resting area for cattle. As a result, this range site
generally is severely grazed. Management practices
should include deferred grazing, brush control, and
proper stocking. Winder soil is in the Cabbage Palm
Hammocks range site.
This soil has severe limitations for building site
development, sanitary facilities, and recreational uses.
Water control measures are needed to help overcome
excessive wetness.
This Winder soil is in capability subclass lllw.
15—Manatee loamy fine sand. This soil is nearly
level and very poorly drained. It is in depressions and
poorly defined drainageways and on broad, low flats.
Indian River County, Florida
33
The mapped areas range from 5 to 10 acres in isolated
depressions and from 5 to 100 acres or more in other
areas. Slopes are smooth to concave. They dominantly
are less than 1 percent but range from 1 to 2 percent.
Typically, the surface layer is black loamy fine sand
about 12 inches thick. The subsoil extends to a depth of
about 31 inches. The upper 10 inches of the subsoil is
very dark gray fine sandy loam, the next 9 inches is dark
gray sandy loam, and the lower 8 inches is dark grayish
brown loamy fine sand. The substratum extends to a
depth of 80 inches or more. The upper 12 inches of the
substratum is light brownish gray loamy fine sand. The
lower 29 inches or more is light gray loamy fine sand
and shell fragments.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Chobee, Floridana, and Winder soils. Also included are
small areas of soils that are similar to Manatee soil but
have a surface layer that is lighter in color, The included
soils make up less than 20 percent of the map unit.
The water table is within a depth of 10 inches of the
surface for more than 6 months during most years or
above the surface for short periods after heavy rainfall. It
is at a depth of 10 to 30 inches for short periods during
dry seasons. The available water capacity is medium,
Permeability is moderate. Natural fertility is medium.
A large part of this soil is used for citrus. Some areas
are used for improved pasture. The natural vegetation in
depressional areas consists of red maple, cypress, water
oak, waxmyrtle, scattered cabbage palm, and an
understory of ferns and water -tolerant grasses. In other
open marsh areas are maidencane, cutgrass,
pickerelweed, smartweed, St.-Johnswort, Carolina willow,
and patches of sawgrass.
Under natural conditions, this Manatee soil is too wet
for cultivated crops, citrus, and improved pasture. If
water control is adequate, the suitability is good for
these uses. A properly designed and maintained water
control system should rapidly remove the excess surface
water, Other management practices needed are good
seedbed preparation, including bedding of rows, crop
rotation, and regular applications of fertilizer. Soil
improving crops and crop residue should be used to
protect the soil from erosion and maintain organic
matter.
This soil is well suited to citrus if a water control
system is installed to help maintain good soil aeration to
a depth of about 4 feet. Planting trees in beds lowers the
effective depth of the water table. A close -growing cover
crop should be maintained between the rows to control
erosion. Regular applications of fertilizer are needed.
This soil has good suitability for most improved
pasture grasses. A water control system is needed to
rapidly remove the excess surface water. High yields of
pangolagrass, bahiagrass, and white clover can be
obtained if they are adequately fertilized. Grazing should
be controlled to maintain plant vigor.
The potential productivity of this soil for pine trees is
high, but a water control system is needed to remove
excess surface water if the production potential is to be
realized. South Florida slash pine is the preferred tree to
plant, Equipment limitations and seedling mortality are
the main concerns in management.
This soil is moderately suited to desirable range plant
production. The dominant forage is maidencane and
cutgrass. Because the depth of the water table
fluctuates throughout the year, a natural deferment from
grazing occurs. This rest period increases forage
production, -but these periods during high water levels
reduce the grazing value of the site. Manatee soil is in
the Freshwater Marshes and Ponds range site.
This soil has severe limitations for sanitary facilities,
building site development, and recreational uses. Water
control measures are needed to overcome excessive
wetness. Adding fill material and mounding of the septic
tank absorption field help overcome excessive wetness.
Sealing or lining of sewage lagoons and trench sanitary
landfills can reduce excessive seepage. Sidewalls of
shallow excavations should be shored.
This Manatee soil is in capability subclass Illw.
16—Pineda fine sand. This soil is nearly level and
poorly drained. It is on low hammocks and in broad,
poorly defined sloughs. The mapped areas range from
10 to 200 acres. Slopes are smooth to concave and
range from 0 to 2 percent.
Typically, the surface layer is black fine sand about 4
inches thick. The subsurface layer is light brownish gray
fine sand to a depth of about 9 inches. The subsoil
extends to a depth of about 40 inches. The upper 14
inches of the subsoil is yellow fine sand with brownish
yellow mottles, and the lower 17 inches is gray and
greenish gray sandy loam that has yellowish brown, dark
brown and light olive brown and olive yellow mottles.
The upper 4 inches of the loamy subsoil material has
intrusions of yellowish brown loamy fine sand. The
substratum extends to a depth of 80 inches or more,
The upper 12 inches of the substratum is greenish gray
loamy sand, and the lower 28 inches is greenish gray
loamy sand mixed with shell fragments.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
EauGallie, Riviera, Wabasso, and Winder soils. Also
included are a few areas of soils that have a thin layer of
very friable, calcareous material at a depth of 10 to 30
inches. The included soils make up less than 20 percent
of the map unit,
The water table is above the surface for a short period
after heavy rainfall. It is within a depth of 10 inches of
the surface for 1 to 6 months and at a depth of 10 to 40
inches for more than 6 months. The available water
capacity is very low in the surface and subsurface layers
and the substratum. It is very low in the upper part of the
subsoil and moderate in the lower part. Permeability is
rapid in the surface and subsurface layers, rapid in the
34
Soil Survey
upper part of the subsoil and slow or very slow in the
lower part, and moderately rapid in the substratum.
Natural fertility and the organic matter content are low.
A large part of the acreage of this soil has been
cleared and is planted to citrus. Natural vegetation
consists of scattered slash pine, cabbage palm,
waxmyrtle, scattered sawpalmetto, blue maidencane,
pineland threeawn, low panicums, other bluestem
species, and various weeds and grasses.
This Pineda soil has severe limitations for cultivated
crops. It has fair suitability for vegetable crops if a water
control system is installed to remove excess water
rapidly and provide for subsurface irrigation. Soil
improving crops and crop residue should be used to
protect the soil from erosion and maintain organic
matter. Seedbed preparation should include bedding of
rows. Fertilizer should be applied according to the need
of the crop.
Suitability of this soil for citrus trees is good if a water
control system is installed to maintain the water table at
a depth of about 4 feet. Planting trees on beds provides
good surface drainage. A close -growing cover crop
should be maintained between tree rows to protect the
soil from blowing. Regular applications of fertilizers are
needed.
This soil has good suitability for pasture and hay
crops. Pangolagrass, improved bahiagrasses, and clover
grow well if properly managed. A water control system is
needed to remove excess surface water after heavy
rains. Management practices should include regular
applications of fertilizers and controlled grazing.
The potential productivity of this soil for pine trees is
moderately high. Slash pine is the best adapted specie
to plant. Water control measures are necessary to
remove excess surface water. Equipment limitations and
seedling mortality are concerns in management.
This soil is highly suited to desirable range plant
production. The dominant forage is blue maidencane,
chalky bluestem, and bluejoint panicum. Management
practices should include deferred grazing. Pineda soil is
in the Slough range site.
This soil has severe limitations for building site
development, sanitary facilities, and recreational uses.
Water control measures are needed to overcome
excessive wetness. Sealing or lining of sewage lagoons
with impervious soil material can reduce excessive
seepage. Mounding may be needed for septic tank
absorption fields. The sandy surface layer should be
stabilized for recreational uses. Sealing or lining of
trench sanitary landfills with impervious material can
reduce excessive seepage. Sidewalls of shallow
excavations should be shored.
This Pineda soil is in capability subclass Illw.
17—Gtuartzipsamments, 0 to 5 percent slopes. This
soil is nearly level to gently sloping and moderately well
drained to somewhat poorly drained. It consists of thick
deposits of sand and of mixed sand and shell fragments.
This fill material is the result of earthmoving operations.
The soil in this map unit is used to fill such areas as
sloughs, marshes, shallow depressions, swamps, and
other low-lying areas above their natural ground levels.
The mapped areas range from about 10 to 300 acres.
No one pedon represents this map unit, but one of the
most common profiles has a surface layer of light
yellowish brown fine sand that has brownish yellow
mottles about 17 inches thick. The next layer, to a depth
of about 30 inches, is brownish yellow fine sand mixed
with 5 percent shell fragments. The next layer, to a
depth of 35 inches, is yellowish brown fine sand that has
very dark grayish brown mottles. Below that, to a depth
of about 60 inches, is dark grayish brown fine sand that
has very dark gray streaks and yellowish brown
splotches and is mixed with 10 percent shell fragments.
The underlying material to a depth of 80 inches or more
is gray sand.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
soils that have slopes that are more than 5 percent,
which is the result of stockpiling. Also included are some
areas of pits and areas of former St. Lucie, Astatula, or
Paola soils that were excavated to a depth of about 10
to 20 feet and also some areas of soils on Johns Island
that are moderately well drained because of the amount
of fill material that has been added. The included soils
make up about 15 percent of the map unit.
The water table varies with the amount of fill material
and artificial drainage within the map unit. In most years,
it is at a depth of 24 to 36 inches below the surface of
the fill for 2 to 4 months. It is below a depth of 40 inches
during extended dry periods. Permeability is very rapid,
and the available water capacity is very low. Reaction is
slightly acid to alkaline. The content of shell fragments
ranges from about 5 to 50 percent.
Most areas of this soil are used for urban
development. The existing vegetation consists of south
Florida slash pine, scattered sawpalmetto, and various
weeds.
Quartzipsamments have not been assigned to a
capability subclass.
18—Captiva fine sand. This soil is nearly level and
poorly drained. It is in narrow, elongated sloughs that are
between low, dunelike ridges and mangrove swamps.
The mapped areas range from 10 to 200 acres. Slopes
are smooth and range from 0 to 1 percent.
Typically, the surface layer is very dark gray fine sand
mixed with about 2 percent shell fragments. It is about 8
inches thick. The underlying material to a depth of 80
inches or more is grayish brown, olive gray, and greenish
gray fine sand mixed with about 2 to 15 percent shell
fragments.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Canaveral, Kesson, and Quartzipsamments soils. Also
included are soils that are similar to Captiva soil but
Indian River County, Florida
35
have a thin light colored surface horizon and have a thin
discontinuous ledge of limestone at various depths. The
included soils make up about 15 percent of the map unit.
In most years, under natural conditions, the water
table is at a depth of 10 to 40 inches for 6 to 9 months
or more and within a depth of 10 inches of the surface
for 1 to 3 months during the wet season. In some years,
the soil is covered by standing water for about 1 month.
Permeability is rapid in the surface layer and very rapid
in the underlying layers. The available water capacity is
medium in the surface layer and low to very low in the
subsurface layer. Natural fertility and the organic matter
content are low.
A large part of the acreage has been cleared and
planted to citrus. If present, natural vegetation consists
of cabbage palm, tamarind, Australian pine, waxmyrtle,
strangler fig, wild coffee, and leatherleaf fern.
The suitability of this soil for citrus trees is fair if a
water control system is installed to maintain the water
table at a depth of about 4 feet. Planting trees on beds
lowers the effective depth of the water table. Water
control measures are needed to remove excess surface
water after heavy rains and prohibit saltwater intrusion. A
suitable cover crop should be maintained between tree
rows. Regular applications of lime and fertilizer are
needed.
Under natural conditions, this Captiva soil is poorly
suited to cultivated crops because of wetness. However,
if water control measures are used, this soil has fair
suitability for many vegetable crops. A water control
system is needed to remove excess water in wet
seasons and to provide for subsurface irrigation in dry
seasons. Soil improving crops and crop residue should
be used to protect the soil from erosion and maintain
organic matter. Seedbed preparation should include
bedding of rows. Fertilizer should be applied according
to the need of the crop.
This soil has fair suitability for improved pasture.
Improved bahiagrass grows well if properly managed.
Water control measures are needed to remove the
excess surface water after heavy rains. Regular
applications of fertilizer are needed. Overgrazing should
be prevented.
This soil generally is not used for pine trees.
This soil generally is not used for rangeland. Captiva
soil is in the South Florida Coastal Strand ecological
plant community.
This soil has severe limitations for sanitary facilities,
building site development, and recreational uses. Water
control measures are needed to overcome excessive
wetness. Septic tank absorption fields may need to be
enlarged because of wetness. Sealing or lining of
sewage lagoons can reduce excessive seepage. The
sandy surface should be stabilized for recreational uses.
Sealing or lining of trench sanitary landfills with
impervious soil material can reduce excessive seepage.
Sidewalls of shallow excavations should be shored.
This Captiva soil is in capability subclass IVw.
20—Beaches. This map unit consists of nearly level to
sloping, narrow strips of tide and surf washed sands and
shell fragments. Beaches are along the Atlantic Ocean
shoreline. They commonly are a mixture of moderately
alkaline sand and fine shell fragments.
Beaches range from less than 100 feet to about 300
feet in width. About half of the beach area may be
flooded daily during high tides, and all of the beaches
can be flooded by storm tides. Most beaches have a
uniform gentle slope to the water's edge, although the
shape and slope can change with every storm.
Beaches are generally devoid of vegetation, although
some sparse growth of sea -oats, or railroad vine, or
other salt -tolerant plants is near the inland edges.
Depth to the water table is highly variable depending
on distance from the shore, elevation of the beach, and
the tidal condition. Commonly, the water table ranges
from a depth of 0 to 6 feet.
These areas generally are not used for rangeland or
woodland. They are included in the South Florida
Coastal Strand ecological plant community.
Beaches are not suited to any use except for
recreation and as habitat for wildlife. Severe erosion is
often a problem during severe storms. Because the
beaches have great esthetic value, they are an important
part of the coastline.
Beaches have not been assigned to a capability
subclass.
21—Pomello sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes. This soil
is nearly level to gently sloping and moderately well
drained. It is on low ridges and knolls on the flatwoods.
The mapped areas range from 20 to 150 acres. Slopes
are smooth to convex.
Typically, the surface layer is gray sand about 2 inches
thick. The subsurface layer extends to a depth of about
61 inches. The upper 18 inches of the subsurface layer
is white sand, and the lower 41 inches is light gray sand.
The subsoil extends to a depth of about 80 inches or
more. The upper 4 inches of the subsoil is dark reddish
brown sand, the next 12 inches is black sand, and the
lower 8 inches is very dark gray sand.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Immokalee, Myakka, Satellite, and Archbold soils. Also
included are areas of soils that are similar to Pomello
soil but have a thin brownish yellow layer just below the
surface layer, also areas of soils that have a subsoil
below a depth of 50 inches, and areas of soils that have
a weakly cemented subsoil. The included soils make up
less than 15 percent of the map unit.
In most years, under natural conditions, the water
table is at a depth of 24 to 40 inches for about 1 to 4
months during the wet season and at a depth of 40 to
60 inches during the drier seasons. Permeability is very
rapid in the surface and subsurface layers and
36
Soil Survey
moderately rapid in the subsoil. The available water
capacity is very low in the surface and subsurface layers
and medium in the subsoil. Natural fertility and the
organic matter content are very low.
Most areas of this soil are in natural vegetation. The
natural vegetation consists of south Florida slash pine,
scrub live oak, sawpalmetto, fetterbush, rusty lyonia,
running oak, indiangrass, pineland threeawn, grassleaf
goldaster, flag pawpaw, mosses and lichens, panicums,
bluestems, and various other grasses. Sand pine is in
some areas.
This soil is poorly suited to citrus trees. Only fair yields
can be obtained if the level of management is high. A
water control system is necessary to maintain the water
table at a depth of about 4 feet during the wet season
and to provide water for irrigation during periods of low
rainfall. Regular applications of fertilizer and lime are
needed for maximum yields. A suitable cover crop
should be maintained between tree rows to protect the
soil from blowing.
This Pomello soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops,
but if intensive management practices are used, a few
special crops can be grown. The adapted crops are
limited unless intensive management practices are
followed. For maximum yields, irrigation should be
provided and fertilizer and lime should be applied
according to the need of the crop.
The suitability for growing improved pasture grasses is
fair. Bahiagrass is better suited to this soil than other
grasses. Droughtiness is the major limitation except
during the wet season. Regular applications of lime and
fertilizer are needed. Overgrazing should be prevented.
The potential productivity of this soil for pine trees is
moderate. Seedling mortality, plant competition, and
equipment mobility are the main concerns in
management. South Florida slash pine and sand pine
are the preferred trees to plant.
This soil is poorly suited to desirable range plant
production. The vegetative community consists of a
dense, woody understory of sawpalmetto, Florida
rosemary, and scrub oak. Although this site is seldom
grazed by livestock, it does furnish winter protection.
Pomello soil is in the Sand Pine Scrub range site.
This soil has severe limitations for sanitary facilities,
building site development, and recreational uses. It has
moderate limitations for dwellings without basements
and small commercial buildings. Water control measures
are needed to overcome excessive wetness. Septic tank
absorption fields may need to be enlarged because of
wetness. The very rapid permeability of this soil causes
pollution of ground water in areas of septic tank
absorption fields. Water control measures and sealing or
lining of sewage lagoons and trench sanitary landfills
with impervious soil material can reduce excessive
seepage. The sandy surface layer should be stabilized
for recreational uses. Water control measures are
needed, and sidewalls of shallow excavations should be
shored.
This Pomello soil is in capability subclass Vls.
22—Urban land. More than 70 percent of this
miscellaneous area is covered by urban facilities, such
as shopping centers, parking lots, industrial buildings,
houses, streets, sidewalks, airports, and related facilities.
The natural soil cannot be observed. Soils in the
unoccupied areas in this map unit, such as on lawns,
vacant lots, playgrounds, and parks, mostly consist of
Astatula, Boca, EauGallie, Paola, and St. Lucie soils.
These soils generally have been altered by grading and
shaping or have been covered to a depth of about 12
inches by fill material. This fill material consists of sandy
and loamy materials that in places contain limestone and
shell fragments. These areas of soils are so small that it
was not practical to map them separately.
Urban land has not been assigned to a capability
subclass.
23—Arents, 0 to 5 percent slopes. This soil consists
of material dug from several areas that have different
kinds of soil. This fill material is the result of earthmoving
operations. This soil is used to fill such areas as sloughs,
marshes, shallow depressions, swamps, and other low-
lying areas above their natural ground levels.
The surface layer is about 30 to 50 inches thick. It is
very dark gray, dark gray, dark grayish brown, and
yellowish brown fine sand or sand mixed with
discontinuous grayish brown and light brownish gray
loamy textured fragments. Fragments and thin
discontinuous lenses of a dark colored sandy subsoil are
also scattered through the matrix. Below that is
undisturbed soil to a depth of 80 inches. The upper 2
inches of the undisturbed soil is commonly black, the
next 20 inches is light gray or gray, and the lower 8
inches is black or very dark brown. The fill material that
formed this soil was from excavated areas of EauGallie,
Riviera, and Wabasso soils. Texture ranges from fine
sand to sandy clay loam.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
soils that are similar to Arents soil but have slopes of
more than 5 percent, which is a result of stockpiling.
Also included are areas that are used as sanitary
landfills and contain up to 50 percent or more of solid
waste materials. These areas are delineated as
"Sanitary landfill" on the soil map. Fragments of shells,
whole shells, and a few rock fragments are also present
in some areas of fill material. Inclusions make up less
than 10 percent of the map unit.
Most soil properties are variable. However,
permeability is moderately rapid to rapid. The water table
varies with the amount of fill material and artificial
drainage in any mapped area. In most years, the water
table is at a depth of 24 to 36 inches for 2 to 4 months.
During extended dry periods, no water table is within 5
Indian River County, Florida
37
feet of the surface. Reaction ranges from slightly acid to
alkaline.
These soils mainly are used for urban development.
The existing vegetation consists of south Florida slash
pine and various scattered weeds. Some small areas
that have natural vegetation of cabbage palm,
sawpalmetto, waxmyrtle, Brazilian pepper, greenbriar,
and various weeds and grasses are scattered throughout
the map unit.
Arents have not been assigned to a capability
subclass.
24—Florldana sand. This soil is nearly level and very
poorly drained. It is in poorly defined drainageways on
broad, low flats. The mapped areas range from 10 to
150 acres, Slopes are smooth to concave and range
from 0 to 2 percent.
Typically, the surface layer is black sand about 14
inches thick. The subsurface layer is light brownish gray
sand to a depth of 20 inches. The subsoil extends to a
depth of about 37 inches. The upper 14 inches of the
subsoil is gray sandy clay loam. The next 3 inches is
gray sandy clay loam that has pockets of soft calcium
carbonate. The substratum extends to a depth of 80
inches or more. The upper 31 inches of the substratum
is gray or dark gray sandy loam that has pockets of soft
calcium carbonate masses. The lower 12 inches is light
gray sandy clay loam that has yellowish brown and
greenish gray mottles.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Chobee, Manatee, Riviera, and Winder soils. Also
included are small areas of soils that are similar to
Floridana soil but have a thin layer of muck on the
surface. The included soils make up 15 percent of the
map unit.
The water table is above the surface for short periods
after heavy rainfall or within a depth of 10 inches of the
surface for more than 6 months during most years. It is
at a depth of 10 to 30 inches for short periods during dry
seasons, Permeability is rapid in the surface and
subsurface layers and slow to very slow in the subsoil
and substratum. The available water capacity is medium
to high in the surface layer and subsoil and low in the
subsurface layer. Natural fertility is medium, and the
organic matter content is high.
Many areas of this soil are drained and used for citrus
or cultivated crops. Natural vegetation consists of sand
cordgrass, maidencane, St.-Johnswort, scattered
waxmyrtle, Carolina willow, pickerelweed, cutgrass,
primrose willow, sawgrass, and other water -tolerant
grasses.
Under natural conditions this Floridana soil is not
suited to cultivated crops. However, if intensive
management practices and soil improving measures are
used and a water control system is installed to remove
excess water rapidly, this soil has fair suitability for many
vegetable crops. Good management practices are good
seedbed preparation, including bedding of rows, and
crop rotation. Soil improving crops and crop residue
should be used to protect the soil from erosion and
maintain organic matter. Fertilizer and lime should be
applied according to the need of the crop.
In the natural state, this soil is not suited to citrus
trees. However, the suitability for citrus trees is fair if
intensive management practices and soil improving
measures are used and a water control system is
installed to remove excess water rapidly. A water control
system is needed to maintain good drainage to a depth
of about 4 feet. Planting the trees on beds lowers the
effective depth of the water table. A close -growing cover
crop should be maintained between tree rows to protect
the soil from blowing. Regular applications of fertilizer
are needed.
In its natural state, this soil is poorly suited to
improved pasture. However, if an adequate water control
system is installed to remove excess surface water after
heavy rains, suitability is fair. Pangolagrass and improved
bahiagrass grow well if properly managed. Regular
applications of fertilizer and lime are needed. Controlled
grazing is necessary.
The potential productivity of this soil for pine trees is
moderately high. South Florida slash pine is the best
adapted specie to plant. Water control measures are
necessary before trees can be planted. Equipment
limitations and seedling mortality are the main concerns
in management.
This soil is moderately suited to desirable range plant
production. The dominant forage is maidencane and
cutgrass. Because the water table fluctuates throughout
the year, a natural deferment from grazing occurs. This
rest period increases forage production, but these
periods during high water levels reduce the grazing value
of the site. This Floridana soil is in the Freshwater
Marshes and Ponds range site.
This soil has severe limitations for building site
development, sanitary facilities, and recreational uses,
Water control measures are needed to overcome
excessive wetness. Sealing or lining of sewage lagoons
and trench sanitary landfills with impervious soil material
can reduce excessive seepage. Fill material is needed
for septic tank absorption fields, local roads and streets,
small commercial buildings, and playgrounds. Sidewalls
of shallow excavations should be shored. Mounding may
be needed for septic tank absorption fields.
This Floridana soil is in capability subclass Illw.
25—St. Augustine sand. This soil is nearly level and
somewhat poorly drained. It formed from dredge and fill
materials from small manmade harbors that were spread
over the surface of former tidal areas, The mineral soils
in these areas are very poorly drained. The fill material
consists of a mixture of sand, shell fragments, and loamy
and silty sediment. The mapped areas are adjacent to
38
Soil Survey
the Indian River and are about 10 to 100 acres. Slopes
are smooth and range from 0 to 2 percent.
Typically, the fill material in the surface layer is about
30 inches thick. It is light brownish gray sand that
contains shell fragments and a few medium distinct
yellowish brown streaks. Next is a mixture of grayish
brown sand, fragments of dark gray silty clay loam, and
olive gray loamy sand to a depth of about 45 inches.
Below that is a mixture of greenish gray sand and
fragments of gray loamy sand to a depth of 80 inches or
more.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of fill
material that do not have loamy pockets or layers. Also
included are some areas of soils that have a thin or
weakly pronounced organic layer at a depth of more
than 60 inches and some areas of soils that are poorly
drained. The included soils make up less than 15
percent of the map unit.
The water table is at a depth of 20 to 40 inches for 2
to 6 months in most years. It is above a depth of 20
inches during periods of high rainfall. In some areas,
daily tides influence the water table. These soils are
subject to flooding for very brief periods during the
hurricane season. Permeability is rapid in the sand and
muck fill material and slow to very slow in the loamy and
silty clay loam. The available water capacity is very low
in the sandy part of the fill material and moderate to high
in the loam, silty clay loam, and organic layers.
Some areas have been developed for urban use, but
most of the acreage consists of stands of Australian
pine, Brazilian pepper, sea daisy, and weedy grasses.
This soil is not used for cropland, improved pasture,
citrus, woodland, wildlife, or rangeland. It consists of
mixed soil material used to fill low tidal areas to make
them more suitable for building sites or other urban use.
The suitability for urban use is fair, but wetness and
flooding for very brief periods are limiting factors. Onsite
investigation is recommended for all uses.
This St. Augustine soil is in capability subclass Vlls.
26—St. Augustine fine sand, organic substratum.
This soil is nearly level and somewhat poorly drained. It
formed from dredge and fill materials from river channels
and small manmade harbors that were spread over the
surface of former tidal areas. The organic soils in these
areas are very poorly drained. The overlying fill material
consists of a mixture of sand, shell fragments, and loamy
and silty sediment. The thickness of this fill material
ranges from 40 to 60 inches. Slopes are smooth and
range from 0 to 2 percent.
Typically, the fill material in the surface layer is about
40 inches thick. This fill material is very dark gray fine
sand and shell fragments. Below that is 19 inches of
gray sand and shell fragments and pockets of sandy clay
loam. The next 14 inches is greenish gray fine sand. The
next 3 inches is grayish green clay loam. Underlying is
the natural undisturbed soil in which the upper 20 inches
is dark brown muck. Below that to a depth of 80 inches
or more is gray sand mixed with about 50 percent shell
fragments.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of fill
material that do not have loamy pockets or layers, areas
of fill material that are less than 40 inches thick. Also
included are some areas of soils that have a thin or
weakly pronounced organic layer and some areas of
soils that are poorly drained. The included soils make up
less than 25 percent of the map unit.
The water table is at a depth of 20 to 40 inches for 2
to 6 months in most years. It is above a depth of 20
inches during periods of high rainfall. In some areas,
daily tides influence the water table. These soils are
subject to flooding for very brief periods during the
hurricane season. Permeability is very rapid in the sandy
fill material and slow to very slow in the loamy and silty
clay layers. Permeability is rapid in the underlying organic
and sandy layers. The available water capacity is very
low in the sandy part of the fill material and underlying
natural layers and moderate to high in the loamy, silty
clay, and organic layers.
Some small areas have been developed for urban use,
but most of the acreage consists of stands of Australian
pine, Brazilian pepper, and weedy grasses.
This soil is not used for cropland, improved pasture,
citrus, woodland, wildlife, or rangeland. It consists of
mixed soil material that is used to fill low tidal areas. The
suitability for urban use is low because of low strength of
the organic layers and subsidence. Onsite investigation
is recommended for all uses.
This St. Augustine soil is in capability subclass Vlls.
27—Boca-Urban land complex. This complex
consists of Boca fine sand and Urban land. The soils in
this map unit are so intermingled that it was not practical
to map them separately at the scale used in mapping.
The mapped areas of this complex are rectangular or
short and broad. They range from 25 to 200 acres.
Slopes are 0 to 2 percent.
About 50 to 70 percent of the complex consists of
nearly level Boca soil or of Boca soil that has been
reworked or reshaped but is still recognizable as Boca
soil. The open areas in this complex consist of Boca soil.
The areas are mostly lawns, vacant lots, or playgrounds
(fig. 11). About 20 to 30 percent of the mapped area is
Urban land. This land is used for houses, streets,
driveways, buildings, parking lots, and other related uses.
Typically, the surface layer of Boca soil is 14 inches
thick. It is pale brown and dark grayish brown fine sand
fill material. The underlying material, to a depth of 30
inches, is 3 inches of very dark gray fine sand, 7 inches
of grayish brown fine sand, and 6 inches of light olive
gray sandy loam. Below that is a layer of hard limestone
containing fractures and solution holes.
Included in mapping are some areas of Chobee,
EauGallie, Floridana, and Jupiter soils. Also included are
Indian River County, Florida
. OY
Figure 11.—The soils in this Boca -Urban land complex have severe limitations for sanitary facilities, building site development, and
recreational uses.
a few areas that are about 80 percent Urban land or a
few areas that are only 10 percent Urban land. The
included soils make up about 15 percent of this map
unit.
Areas of the soils that have been modified by grading
and shaping are not as extensive in the older
communities as in the newer ones. Sandy and loamy
materials, fragments of hard limestone and shell material
from drainage ditches, or material that is hauled in are
often used to fill low areas. In undrained areas, the water
table is at a depth of 10 to 30 inches for 2 to 6 months
and within a depth of 10 inches of the surface during the
wet season. Drainage systems have been established in
most areas. Depth to the water table is dependent upon
the functioning of the drainage system.
Present land use precludes the use of this soil for
cultivated crops, citrus, improved pasture, rangeland, or
woodland.
This complex has severe limitations for sanitary
facilities, building site development, and recreational
uses. Water control measures are needed to overcome
excessive wetness. Mounding may be needed for septic
tank absorption fields because of wetness and the
shallow depth to bedrock. Sealing or lining of sewage
lagoons can reduce excessive seepage. Many of these
areas have been previously drained or modified by
grading or shaping. Some water control measures,
40
Soil Survey
including adding of fill material and installing a drainage
system to remove excess surface water after heavy
rains, may be necessary for building site development.
Because of the moderate depth to bedrock, excavation
is difficult. The sandy surface layer should be stabilized
for recreational uses.
This complex has not been assigned to a capability
subclass.
28—EauGallle-Urban land complex. This complex
consists of EauGallie fine sand and Urban land. The
soils in this map unit are so intermingled that it was not
practical to map them separately at the scale used in
mapping. The mapped areas of this complex are
rectangular or elongated. They range from 25 to 350
acres. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent.
About 55 to 65 percent of the complex consists of
nearly level EauGallie soil or of EauGallie soil that has
been reworked or reshaped but is still recognizable as
EauGallie soil. The open areas in this complex consist of
EauGallie soil. These areas are mostly lawns, vacant
lots, or playgrounds. About 25 to 30 percent of the
mapped area is Urban land, This land is used for
houses, streets, driveways, buildings, parking lots, and
other related uses.
Typically, EauGallie soil has a black fine sand surface
layer about 5 inches thick. The subsurface layer is light
gray fine sand to a depth of about 23 inches. The
subsoil extends to a depth of 80 inches or more. The
upper 13 inches of the subsoil is black fine sand. The
next 19 inches is dark reddish brown and dark brown
fine sand. The next 13 inches is light brownish gray fine
sand. The lower 12 inches or more is grayish brown
sandy loam,
Included in mapping are some areas of Immokalee,
Myakka, and Oldsmar soils. Also included are a few
areas that are about 80 percent Urban land, or a few
areas that are only 10 percent Urban land. The included
soils make up about 15 percent of this map unit.
Areas of the soils that have been modified by grading
and shaping are not as extensive in the older
communities as in the newer ones. Sandy and loamy
material from drainage ditches or material that is hauled
in are often used to fill low areas. In undrained areas,
the water table is at a depth of 10 to 40 inches for
periods of 2 to 6 months and is within 10 inches of the
surface during the wet season. Drainage systems have
been established in most areas. The depth to the water
table is dependent upon the functioning of the drainage
system.
Present land use precludes using this soil for
cultivated crops, citrus, improved pasture, rangeland, or
woodland.
The soils in this complex have severe limitations for
sanitary facilities. Water control measures are needed to
overcome excessive wetness. Septic tank absorption
fields may need to be enlarged because of wetness.
Sealing or lining of sewage lagoons with impervious soil
material can reduce excessive seepage. The limitations
to use for building sites and recreational uses are
moderate. Many of the soils in these areas have been
previously drained or modified by grading and shaping.
Some water control measures, including the addition of
fill material and installing of a drainage system to remove
excess surface water after a heavy rain, may be
necessary. The sidewalls of shallow excavations should
be shored. The sandy surface layer should be stabilized
for recreational uses.
This complex has not been assigned to a capability
subclass.
29—Immokalee-Urban land complex. This complex
consists of Immokalee fine sand and Urban land. The
soils in this map unit are so intermingled that it was not
practical to map them separately at the scale used in
mapping. The mapped areas of this complex are
rectangular or elongated. They range from 20 to 250
acres. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent.
About 60 to 70 percent of the complex consists of
nearly level Immokalee soil or of Immokalee soil that has
been reworked or reshaped but is still recognizable as
Immokalee soil. The open areas in this complex consist
of Immokalee soil. These areas are mostly lawns, vacant
lots, or playgrounds. About 20 to 30 percentof the
mapped area is Urban land, This land is used for
houses, streets, driveways, buildings, parking lots, and
other related uses.
Typically, Immokalee soil has a black fine sand
surface layer about 7 inches thick. The subsurface layer
is light brownish gray and light gray fine sand to a depth
of about 42 inches. The subsoil is black and very dark
gray fine sand to a depth of about 58 inches. The
substratum to a depth of 80 inches or more is dark
brown and dark grayish brown fine sand.
Included in mapping are some areas of EauGallie and
Oldsmar soils, Also included are a few areas that are
about 80 percent Urban land or a few areas that are only
10 percent Urban land. The included soils make up
about 15 percent of this map unit.
Areas of the soils that have been modified by grading
and shaping are not as extensive in the older
communities as in the newer ones. Sandy material from
drainage ditches or material that is hauled in are often
used to fill low areas. In undrained areas, the water table
is at a depth of 10 to 40 inches for 2 to 6 months and
within a depth of 10 inches of the surface during the wet
season. Drainage systems have been established in
most areas. Depth to the water table is dependent upon
the functioning of the drainage system.
Present land use precludes the use of this soil for
cultivated crops, citrus, improved pasture, rangeland, or
woodland.
This complex has severe limitations for sanitary
facilities. Water control measures are needed to
Indian River County, Florida
41
overcome excessive wetness. Septic tank absorption
fields may need to be enlarged because of wetness.
Sealing or lining of sewage lagoon areas can reduce
excessive seepage. The limitations for building site
development and recreational uses are moderate. Many
of these areas have been previously drained or modified
by grading and shaping. Some water control measures,
including adding of fill material and installing a drainage
system to remove excess surface water after heavy
rains, may be necessary. Sidewalls of shallow
excavations should be shored. The sandy surface layer
should be stabilized for recreational uses.
This complex has not been assigned to a capability
subclass.
31—Jupiter fine sand. This soil is shallow, nearly
level, and poorly drained. It is on low flats and
hammocks. The mapped areas range from 5 to 50 acres.
Slopes are smooth and range from 0 to 2 percent.
Typically, the surface layer is fine sand about 12
inches thick, The upper 5 inches of the surface layer is
black, and the lower 7 inches is very dark brown. Below
that is hard, fractured limestone.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Boca, Pineda, Riviera, and Winder soils. Also included
are small areas of soils that are similar to Jupiter soil but
have a thin layer of loamy material or marl underlain by
limestone, some areas of soils that are similar but have
less than 10 inches of sandy material underlain by
limestone, small areas of soils that are similar but have a
lighter colored sandy surface, and some soils in
scattered spots of exposed limestone. The included soils
make up less than 20 percent of the map unit.
In most years, under natural conditions, the water
table is at a depth of less than 10 inches of the surface
for 2 to 4 months in the wet season. Some areas of this
soil are covered with shallow water for brief periods. In
drained areas, the water table fluctuates with the water
level of the canals and ditches. It recedes to a depth
below the limestone in the dry season. Permeability is
rapid in the sandy layer above the bedrock. The hard
limestone is impermeable but has sufficient fractures and
solution holes to permit water movement. The available
water capacity is low to medium in the sandy layer.
Natural fertility and the organic matter content are
medium.
Many areas of this soil are used for citrus, Natural
vegetation consists of water oak, cabbage palm,
strangler fig, Florida holly, scattered slash pine, wild
coffee, wild grape, greenbriar, ferns, and a few various
weeds and sprigs of grasses.
Under natural conditions, this Jupiter soil is very poorly
suited to cultivated crops because of wetness and
shallow depth to bedrock. However, if a water control
system is installed to remove excess water rapidly, this
soil is suitable for adapted vegetable crops. The shallow
depth to bedrock makes the installation of an adequate
system very difficult. Row crops should be placed on
beds. Soil improving crops and crop residue should be
used to protect the soil from erosion and maintain
organic matter. Fertilizers should be applied according to
the need of the crop.
This soil has fair suitability for citrus only after a
properly designed water control system has been
installed and intensive management practices are used.
A water control system is needed to maintain a good
drainage system to a depth of about 4 feet. Planting the
trees on beds lowers the effective depth of the water
table. A close -growing cover crop should be maintained
between tree rows to protect the soil from blowing.
Regular applications of fertilizers are needed.
This soil has fair suitability for improved pasture
grasses. Pangolagrass, improved bahiagrasses, and
white clover grow well if properly managed. Water
control measures are needed to remove excess surface
water after heavy rains. Regular applications of fertilizers
are needed. Grazing should be controlled to prevent
overgrazing and to maintain plant vigor.
The potential productivity of this soil for pine trees is
moderate. South Florida slash pine is the best adapted
specie to plant. Water control measures are necessary
to remove excess surface water. Equipment limitations
and windthrow hazard are the main concerns in
management.
This soil is poorly suited to desirable range plant
production. The vegetative community consists of
cabbage palm, live oak, scattered sawpalmetto,
grapevine, and wild coffee. Because of the dense
canopy of palm trees, this site is a preferred shading and
resting area for cattle. As a result, this range site
generally is severely grazed. Management practices
should include deferred grazing, brush control, and
proper stocking. Jupiter soil is in the Cabbage Palm
Hammocks range site.
This soil has severe limitations for building site
development, sanitary facilities, and recreational uses.
Water control measures are needed to overcome
excessive wetness. Fill material is needed to overcome
the shallow depth to bedrock. Sealing or lining of
sewage lagoons and sanitary landfills with impervious
soil material can reduce excessive seepage. Mounding
may be needed for septic tank absorption fields. The
sandy surface layer should be stabilized for recreational
uses. Because of the shallow depth to bedrock,
excavation is difficult. The use of special equipment may
be required.
This Jupiter soil is in capability subclass IVw.
32—Jonathan sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes. This soil
is nearly level to gently sloping and somewhat
excessively drained. It is on the Atlantic Coastal Ridge
and on slightly elevated knolls on the flatwoods. These
soils mainly are in the eastern part of the county. The
42
Soil Survey
mapped areas range from 30 to 200 acres, Slopes are
smooth to convex.
Typically, the surface layer is dark gray sand about 3
inches thick. The subsurface layer is white sand to a
depth of about 75 inches. The subsoil to a depth of 80
inches or more is dark reddish brown sand that is 60 to
75 percent strongly cemented.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Immokalee, Pomello, and St. Lucie soils. Also included
are areas of soils that are similar to Jonathan soil but
are better drained. The included soils make up about 15
percent of the map unit.
In most years, under natural conditions, the water
table is at a depth of 40 to 60 inches for 1 to 4 months
during the wet season. It is below 60 inches for the
remainder of the year. Permeability is moderately rapid
to very rapid in the surface and subsurface layers and
slow or very slow in the subsoil. The available water
capacity is very low in the surface and subsurface layers
and medium in the subsoil. Natural fertility and the
organic matter content are very low.
Most areas of this soil are in natural vegetation. The
natural vegetation consists of south Florida slash pine,
sand pine, scattered scrub hickory, scrub live oak,
Chapman oak, rosemary, pricklypear cacti, grassleaf
goldaster, flag pawpaw, mosses and lichens, pineland
threeawn, and various other grasses.
This Jonathan soil is not suited to cultivated crops
because of droughtiness and sandy texture. A ground
cover of close -growing plants is, needed between the
tree rows to protect the soil from blowing, A properly
designed irrigation system is needed to maintain
optimum moisture and obtain high yields.
This soil has poor suitability for improved pasture
grasses. Deep-rooted plants, such as coastal
bermudagrass and bahiagrass, are well adapted species
to plant, but yields are reduced by periodic droughts,
Regular applications of fertilizer and lime are needed.
Controlled grazing is needed to help maintain plant vigor
The potential productivity of this soil for pine trees is
low, South Florida slash pine and sand pine are the
recommended trees to plant, Equipment limitations and
seedling mortality are the main concerns in
management.
This soil is poorly suited to desirable range plant
production. The vegetative community consists of a
dense, woody understory of sawpalmetto, Florida
rosemary, and scrub oak. Although this site is seldom
grazed by livestock, it does furnish winter protection.
Jonathan soil is in the Sand Pine Scrub range site.
This soil has slight limitations for dwellings without
basements, small commercial buildings, and local roads
and streets. No corrective measures are needed. This
soil is well suited to septic tank absorption fields and
playgrounds. Some water control measures are needed
for septic tank absorption fields to lower the water table
during wet seasons. The sandy surface layer should be
stabilized for playground use, This soil has severe
limitations for trench sanitary landfills, sewage lagoons,
and shallow excavations. Sealing or lining of landfills and
lagoons with impervious soil material can reduce
excessive seepage. Water control practices are needed
for trench sanitary landfills. Sidewalls should be shored
for shallow excavations.
This Jonathan soil is in capability subclass Vls.
33--Astatula sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes. This soil
is nearly level to gently sloping and excessively drained.
It is on the Atlantic Coastal Ridge. The mapped areas
range from about 20 to 200 acres. Slopes are smooth to
convex.
Typically, the surface layer is grayish brown sand
about 4 inches thick. The subsurface layer is brown sand
about 1 inch thick. The underlying material to a depth of
80 inches or more is brownish yellow or strong brown
sand.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Paola, Pomello, and St. Lucie soils. Because of
excavation of the Astatula soils for fill material, some
included soils have short, steep slopes that range from 5
to 40 percent. The included soils make up less than 15
percent of the map unit.
This soil has no water table within a depth of 6 feet
throughout the year. Permeability is very rapid, and the
available water capacity is very low throughout. Natural
fertility and the organic matter content are very low.
Most areas of this soil remain in natural vegetation
consisting of cabbage palm, scrub hickory, longleaf and
sand pine, sawpalmetto, sand live oak, and scrub oak,
Pineland threeawn and bluestems are the most common
native grasses, but these grasses can be quite sparse in
occurrence because of the droughty nature of the soil.
Under natural conditions, this Astatula soil is not suited
to cultivated crops. It has poor suitability for vegetable
crops and citrus. A ground cover of close -growing plants
between the tree rows should be maintained to protect
the soil from blowing. A properly designed irrigation
system is needed to maintain optimum moisture and
obtain high yields. Regular applications of fertilizer and
lime are also needed.
This soil has poor suitability for improved pasture
grasses. Deep-rooted plants, such as coastal
bermudagrass and bahiagrass, are well adapted to this
soil, but yields are reduced by periodic droughts. Regular
applications of fertilizer and lime are needed. Controlled
grazing is needed to help maintain plant vigor.
The potential productivity of this soil for pine trees is
low, Slash pine and sand pine are the preferred trees to
plant, Equipment limitations and seedling mortality are
the main concerns in management.
This soil is poorly suited to desirable range plant
production. The vegetative community consists of a
dense, woody understory of sawpalmetto, Florida
rosemary, scrub oak, indiangrass, creeping bluestem,
Indian River County, Florida
43
beaked panicums, and perennial legumes. Although thi
site is seldom grazed by livestock, it does furnish winter
protection. Astatula soil is in the Sand Pine Scrub range
This soil has slight limitations
absorption fields, dwellings without basements, and local
roads and streets. N#corrective measures are needed,
although the proximity t#astream #rcanal should be
considered inthe placement #faseptic tank absorption
field t#prevent lateral seepage and pollution. This soil ia
also well suited to small commercial buildings. Land
shaping may beneeded on the more sloping areas. This
soil has severe limitations for playgrounds, trench
sanitary landfills, and shallow excavations. The sandy
surface should bestabilized for playground use, and land
shaping may beneeded onthe more sloping areas.
Sealing orlining #ftrench sanitary landfills with
impervious soil material can reduce excessive seepage.
8idevva||$#fshallow excavations should beshored.
This Astatula soil is in capability subclass VIs.
34~~Satel|Nefine sand. This soil ionearly level and
somewhat poorly drained. It is on low knolls and ridges
on theOabw##d$. The mapped areas range from 10t#
250 acres. Slopes are smooth t#convex and range from
0 to2percent.
Typically, the surface layer iodark gray fine sand
about 4inches thick. The underlying material ilight
brownish gray, grayish bn)vvn' and dark grayish brown
fine sand t#adepth of8Oinches ormore.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Archbold, |mmoha|ee' yNyahha'P#me||o'and Pompano
soils. The included o#i|o make up less than 15 percent of
the map unit.
In most years, under natural c#nddi#no, the water
table is at adepth of 18t# 24 inches for to 8 months
and o1adepth of4Oto72inches for 8months ormore.
Permeability i$very rapid, and the available water
capacity is very |#vv. Natural fertility and the organic
matter content are |#vv.
Most areas of this soil are in natural vegetation. The
natural vegetation consists ofsouth Florida slash pine,
longleaf pine, sand live oak, $mwpa|metto'pine|and
threeawn indiangrass, bluestems, fettebu h and
various other sedges and grasses.
The suitability of this soil for citrus trees is fair if good
management practices are used. A water control system
is necessary to maintain the water table at a depth of
about 4 feet during the wet season and to provide for
subsurface irrigation during periods of low rainfall.
Regular applications of fertilizer and lime help to obtain
good yields. A suitable cover crop should be maintained
between tree rows to prevent soil blowing.
This Satellite soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops,
but if intensive management practices are used, a few
special crops can be grown. A water control system
should be installed to remove excess water in wet
seasons d to provide for subsurface irrigation in dry
seasons. Soil improving and crop residue should
beused b)protect the soil from erosion and maintain
organic matter. Applications #ffertilizer and lime should
beapplied according t#the need #fthe crop.
The suitability for growing improved pasture o$$e$ is
fair. Bahiagrass and pangolagrass will grow when
properly managed. Regular applications of lime and
fertilizer are needed. Overgrazing should be prevented.
The potential productivity of this soil for pine trees is
moderate. Seedling mortality is the main concern in
management. South Florida slash pine is preferred for
This soil is poorly suited to desirable range plant
production. The vegetative community consists of a
dense, woody understory of sawpalmetto, Florida
rosemary, and scrub oak. Although this site is seldom
grazed by livestock, it does furnish winter protection.
Satellite soil is in the Sand Pine Scrub range site.
This soil has severe limitations for sanitary facilities
and building site development. It has moderate
limitations for local roads and streets and recreation use.
Water control measures are needed to overcome
excessive wetness. Septic tank absorption fields may
need t#beenlarged becauoe#fwetneoo.Theveryrapid
permeability ofthis soil can cause pollution #fground
water in areas ofoepti tank absorption fields. Water
control measures and sealing or lining of sewage
lagoons and tr#nchsanitary landfills with impervious soil
material can reduce excessive seepage. The sandy
surface layer should be stabilized for recreational uses.
8idewa||o#fshallow excavations should beshored.
Water control measures are needed.
This Satellite soil is in capability subclass VIs.
35—McKee mucky clay loam. This soil is level and
very poorly drained. It is in mangrove islands and
swamps. This soil formed in unconsolidated loamy or
clayey tidal deposits and is inundated by fluctuating tides
twice a day. These areas are at or near sea level and
are in and adjacent to the Indian River (fig. 12).
Individual mapped areas range from 10 to 450 acres.
Slopes are less than 1 percent.
Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish brown
mucky clay loam about 1 inch thick. The underlying
material is very dark gray clay loam to a depth of 15
inches, grayish green to dark greenish gray sandy clay to
a depth of about 60 inches, and dark gray sandy loam to
a depth of 80 inches or more. Most layers are very fluid
when squeezed in the hand, and some layers range from
very fluid to slightly fluid.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
soils that are similar to McKee soil but have limestone
boulders o1adepth #fmore than 40inches, also some
small areas ofsoils that are similar but have limestone
boulders atadepth #fless than 4Oinches, and some
areas ofsoils that are similar but have athin organic
44 Soil Survey
Figure 12.—This red and black mangrove Is In an area of McKee mucky clay loam.
surface. Also included are soils in areas that have a high
content of sand or soil in some areas that have been
affected by drainage. These soils do not behave as fluid
when subjected to pressure. In addition, included are
some small areas of soils that contain a high amount of
sulfites that become extremely acid when drained and
exposed to air. The included soils make up less than 20
percent of the map unit.
Under natural conditions, McKee soil remains
saturated. Soil strength is low. The water content may be
as high as 80 percent at field condition. Fluctuating tides
overwash the surface layer twice daily. Natural fertility is
high for saltwater -tolerant plants. The organic matter
content is very high.
The native vegetation consists of red, black, and white
mangroves, and in some areas it consists of sea rocket,
saltwort, perennial glasswort, seashore saltgrass, and
seashore paspalum. The red mangroves, which have an
extensive prop root system and shed floating seed pods,
are mainly along the river's edge and along ditches
where tidal water is deeper. The black and white
mangroves, which propagate by sending up
pneumatophores or erect extensions of their root
systems above the soil surface, are mainly on slightly
higher elevations.
Because of tidal flooding and low soil strength, this
McKee soil is not suited to cropland, citrus, improved
pasture, or woodland. Drainage of these soils would
probably cause them to become so acid that they could
not support much plant growth. However, if accessible
by an elevated road or levee, these soils are well suited
to beekeeping for mangrove honey production.
This soil generally is not used for rangeland. McKee
soil is in the Mangrove Swamps ecological plant
community.
This soil is not suited to urban use because of tidal
flooding and low soil strength.
McKee soil is in mangrove swamps, which are unique
and biologically productive areas that are very important
to many species of fish and wildlife. Many sport and
Indian River County, Florida
45
commercial finfish, shellfish, and other crustaceans use
these areas as spawning grounds. Mangrove swamps
also serve as protective barriers in estuaries against
excessive wave action during tropical storms.
This McKee soil is in capability subclass Vlllw.
36—Boca fine sand. This soil is nearly level and
poorly drained. It is on the flatwoods, but most of the
acreage is in citrus groves. The mapped areas range
from 10 to 200 acres. Slopes are smooth and range
from 0 to 2 percent.
Typically, the surface layer is dark gray fine sand
about 7 inches thick. The subsurface layer is fine sand
to a depth of about 20 inches. The upper 7 inches of the
subsurface layer is grayish brown, and the lower 6
inches is brown. The subsoil is yellowish brown fine
sandy loam to a depth -of 24 inches.. Below that is a layer
of fractured limestone.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Jupiter, Pineda, and Riviera soils. Also included are soils
that are similar to Boca soil but have limestone at a
depth of less than 20 inches. The included soils make up
about 15 percent of the map unit.
In most years, under natural conditions, the water
table is within a depth of 10 inches of the surface for 2
to 4 months. It recedes to a depth below the limestone
for about 6 months. Permeability is rapid in the surface
and subsurface layers and moderate in the subsoil. The
available water capacity is low in the surface layer, very
low in the subsurface layer, and medium in the subsoil.
Natural fertility and the organic matter content are low.
Natural vegetation consists of sawpalmetto, pineland
threeawn, indiangrass, bluestems, panicums, south
Florida slash pine, and waxmyrtle. Many areas of this
soil are in citrus groves.
Under natural conditions, this Boca soil is not suitable
for cultivated crops because of wetness and shallow
depth to bedrock. However, if intensive management
practices and soil improving measures are used and a
good water control system is installed to remove excess
water rapidly, this soil is fairly suited to many vegetable
crops. A good water control system is needed to remove
excess water in wet seasons and provide for subsurface
irrigation. Soil improving crops and crop residue should
be used to protect the soil from erosion and maintain
organic matter. Other good management practices are
seedbed preparation, including bedding of rows, and
applying fertilizer according to the need of the crop.
This soil has fair suitability for citrus only if a properly
designed water control system is installed. A water
control system to maintain good drainage to a depth of
about 4 feet is needed. Planting the trees on beds
lowers the effective depth of the water table. A cover
crop should be maintained between the tree rows to
protect the soil from blowing in dry weather and washing
away during heavy rain. Regular applications of fertilizer
and lime are needed.
Boca soil has fair suitability for improved pasture
grasses. Bahiagrass, pangolagrass, and white clover
grow well if properly managed. Water control measures
are needed to remove excess surface water after heavy
rains. Regular applications of fertilizer and lime are
needed. Grazing should be controlled to prevent
overgrazing and to maintain plant vigor.
The potential productivity of this soil for pine trees is
high. Water control is needed before the potential can
be attained. Seedling mortality, equipment limitations,
and plant competition are the main concerns in
management. South Florida slash pine is the preferred
tree to plant.
This soil is moderately suited to desirable range plant
production. The dominant forage is creeping bluestem,
lopsided indiangrass, pineland threeawn, south Florida
bluestem, and chalky bluestem. Boca soil is in the South
Florida Flatwoods range site.
This soil has severe limitations for building site
development, sanitary facilities, and recreational uses.
Water control measures are needed to overcome
excessive wetness. Sealing or lining of sewage lagoons
and trench landfills with impervious soil material can
reduce excessive seepage. Mounding may be needed
for septic tank absorption fields. The sandy surface layer
should be stabilized for recreational uses. Because of
the moderate depth to bedrock, excavation is difficult.
The use of special equipment may be required.
This Boca soil is in capability subclass Illw.
39—Malabar fine sand. This soil is nearly level and
poorly drained. It is in low, narrow to broad sloughs and
poorly defined drainageways and on flats. The mapped
areas range from 20 to 250 acres. Slopes are smooth to
concave and range from 0 to 2 percent.
Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish brown
fine sand about 3 inches thick. The subsurface layer
extends to a depth of 17 inches. The upper 7 inches of
the subsurface layer is light brownish gray fine sand, and
the lower 7 inches is light yellowish brown fine sand. The
subsoil extends to a depth of 65 inches. The upper 24
inches of the subsoil is brownish yellow and reddish
yellow fine sand. The next 5 inches is dark grayish
brown sandy clay loam. The lower 19 inches is gray
sandy loam. The substratum to a depth of 80 inches or
more is gray loamy sand.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Holopaw, Lokosee, Oldsmar, Pineda, and Riviera soils.
Also included are soils in small depressional areas that
are ponded. The included soils make up less than 15
percent of the map unit.
The water table is at a depth of less than 10 inches of
the surface for 2 to 6 months and between a depth of 10
and 40 inches for most of each year. Permeability is
rapid in the surface and subsurface layers. It is rapid in
the upper part of the subsoil and slow to very slow in the
lower part and moderately rapid in the substratum. The
Et -
Soil Survey
available water capacity is low to very low in the surface
and subsurface layers. It is low to very low in the upper
part of the subsoil and moderate in the lower part and
low in the substratum. Natural fertility and the organic
matter content are low.
Most areas of this soil are in natural vegetation. The
natural vegetation consists of slash pine, cabbage palm,
scattered sawpalmetto, waxmyrtle, inkberry, maidencane,
creeping bluestem, pineland threeawn, laurel oak,
bulrush, greenbrier, panicums, and various other sedges
and grasses.
This Malabar soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops.
However, it is moderately well suited to vegetable crops
if a water control system is installed to remove excess
surface water rapidly and provide for subsurface
irrigation. Soil improving crops and crop residue should
be used to protect the soil from erosion and maintain
organic matter, Seedbed preparation should include
bedding of rows. Fertilizer should be applied according
to the need of the crop.
The suitability for citrus trees is good if a water control
system is installed to maintain the water table at a depth
of about 4 feet. Planting the trees on beds provides
good surface drainage. A close -growing cover crop
should be maintained between tree rows to protect the
soil trom blowing. Regular applications of fertilizers are
needed.
The suitability of this soil for pasture and hay crops is
good. Pangolagrass, improved bahiagrasses, and clover
grow well if properly managed. Management practices
should include a water control system to remove excess
surface water after heavy rains, regular applications of
fertilizer, and controlled grazing.
The potential productivity of this soil for pine trees is
moderately high. South Florida slash pine is the best
adapted specie to plant. Water control measures are
necessary to remove excess surface water. Equipment
limitations and seedling mortality are the main concerns
in management.
This soil is well suited to desirable range plant
production. The dominant forage is creeping bluestem,
chalky bluestem, and blue maidencane. Management
practices should include deferred grazing and brush
control. Malabar soil is in the Cabbage Palm Flatwoods
range site.
This soil has severe limitations for building site
development, sanitary facilities, and recreational uses.
Water control measures and fill material are needed to
overcome excessive wetness (fig. 13). Sealing or lining
of sewage lagoons and trench sanitary landfills with
impervious soil material can reduce excessive seepage.
Mounding may be needed for septic tank absorption
fields. The sandy surface layer should be stabilized for
recreational uses. Sidewalls of shallow excavations need
to be shored.
This Malabar soil is in capability subclass IVw.
40—Gator muck. This soil is nearly level and very
poorly drained. It is in freshwater swamps and marshes.
The mapped areas range from 20 to 1,500 acres. Slopes
are smooth and are less than 1 percent.
Typically, the surface layer is very dark brown muck
about 26 inches thick. The underlying material extends
to a depth of about 80 inches. The upper 4 inches of the
underlying material is very dark gray sandy clay loam,
the next 19 inches is dark gray sandy clay loam, and the
next 13 inches is greenish gray sandy clay loam that has
few to common light gray calcium carbonate
accumulations. Below that is greenish gray sandy clay
loam that has yellowish brown sandy loam stains and
splotches.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Chobee, Floridana, and Terra Ceia soils. Also included
are small areas of soils that are similar to Gator soil but
have a thin layer of fibers from woody plants in the
organic layer. The included soils make up less than 20
percent of the map unit.
Under natural conditions, the water table is above the
surface for most of the year. In drained areas, the water
table is controlled at a depth of 10 to 36 inches or
according to the need of the crop. The water table is at
or above the surface for short periods after heavy rainfall
and during the normal periods of high seasonal rainfall.
Permeability is rapid in the surface layer and moderately
slow to slow in the underlying material. The available
water capacity is very high in the organic surface layer
and medium in the underlying material. Natural fertility
and the organic matter content are high.
Some areas of this soil are drained and used for
improved pasture and crops. Natural vegetation consists
of a dense swamp growth of red maple, red bay,
cypress, Carolina willow, primrose willow, waxmyrtle,
pickerelweed, sawgrass, cattail, buttonbush, arrowhead,
ferns, maidencane, and other water -tolerant grasses.
Areas of this soil provide cover for deer and are
excellent habitat for wading birds and other wetland
wildlife.
This Gator soil is not suitable for cultivated crops
under natural conditions. However, if intensive
management practices and soil improving measures are
used and a water control system is installed to remove
excess surface water rapidly, this soil has good suitability
for many vegetable crops. A properly designed water
control system is needed to remove the excess water
when crops are on the soil and to maintain the water
table near the surface to help prevent subsidence of
organic material needed for crop and pasture production.
Good management practices include seedbed
preparation and crop rotation. Soil improving crops and
crop residue should be used to protect the soil from
erosion and maintain organic matter. Fertilizer and lime
should be applied according to the need of the crop.
In its natural state, this soil is not suited to citrus trees.
It is poorly suited even if intensive management
Indian River County, Florida
47
� e w
Figure 13.—This area of Malabar fine sand Is In sloughs and poorly defined drainageways.
practices, such as bedding of rows, are used and the
water control system is adequate.
In its natural state, this soil is not suited to improved
pasture grasses. However, if an adequate water control
system is installed to remove excess surface water after
heavy rains, suitability is good. Pangolagrass, improved
bahiagrass, and white clover grow well if properly
managed. The water control system should maintain the
water table near the surface to prevent excess
subsidence of the organic material. Regular applications
of fertilizer and lime are needed. Overgrazing should be
prevented.
This soil is not suited to pine trees.
This soil generally is not used for rangeland. Gator soil
is in the Swamp Hardwoods ecological plant community.
This soil has severe limitations for building site
development, sanitary facilities, and recreational uses
because of ponding and excess humus. Water control
measures are needed to overcome excessive wetness.
Organic materials, which have low soil strength, should
be removed and backfilled with a suitable soil material
for urban use. Sealing or lining of sewage lagoons and
trench sanitary landfills with impervious soil material can
reduce excessive seepage. Sidewalls of shallow
excavations should be shored, and water control
measures should be used. Mounding may be needed for
septic tank absorption fields.
This Gator soil is in capability subclass Illw.
41—Canova muck. This soil is nearly level and very
poorly drained. It is in freshwater swamps and marshes.
The mapped areas range from 100 to 1,800 acres.
Slopes are smooth to concave and range from 0 to 1
percent.
Typically, the organic surface layer is black and very
dark brown muck about 12 inches thick underlain by 1
48
Soil Survey
inch of black sand. The subsurface layer, to a depth of
24 inches, is gray to grayish brown sand. The subsoil
extends to a depth of about 40 inches. The upper 10
inches of the subsoil is grayish brown sandy clay loam
that has common coarse tongues of grayish brown sand,
and the lower 6 inches is gray sandy clay loam that has
few light gray and yellowish brown calcium carbonate
concretions. The substratum to a depth of 80 inches or
more is greenish gray sandy clay loam and sandy loam
that have common to many light gray calcium carbonate
concretions and soft calcium carbonate accumulations.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Gator, Delray, Floridana, Chobee, Winder, and Riviera
soils. Also included are small areas of soils that are
similar to Canova soil but have a subsoil that is at a
depth of more than 30 inches. The included soils make
up less than 20 percent of the map unit.
Under natural conditions, the water table is above the
surface for most of the year. In drained areas, the water
table is controlled at a depth of 10 to 36 inches or
according to the need of the crop. The water table is at
or above the surface for short periods after heavy rainfall
and during the normal periods of high seasonal rainfall.
Permeability is rapid in the surface and subsurface layers
and moderately slow to slow in the subsoil and
substratum. The available water capacity is very high in
the organic surface layer, low in the mineral subsurface
layer, and medium to high in the subsoil and underlying
material. Natural fertility is medium, and the organic
matter content is high.
Many areas of this soil are drained and are used for
improved pasture. Natural vegetation consists of
maidencane, cutgrass, Carolina willow, primrose willow,
pickerelweed, sawgrass, cattail, buttonbush, arrowhead,
and other water -tolerant grasses.
Under natural conditions, this Canova soil is not suited
to cultivated crops. However, if intensive management
practices and soil improving measures are used and a
water control system is installed to remove excess
surface water rapidly, this soil has a fair suitability for
many vegetable crops. Good management practices are
seedbed preparation, including bedding of rows, and
crop rotation. Soil improving crops and crop residue
should be used to protect the soil from erosion and
maintain organic matter. Fertilizer and lime should be
applied according to the need of the crop.
In the natural state, this soil is not suited to citrus
trees. However, citrus trees have a fair suitability if
intensive management practices are used. These
practices and measures include the mixing of the organic
material and the sandy mineral material or by removing
the material and backfilling with a suitable soil material.
Also, a water control system should be installed to
remove excess surface water rapidly. A water control
system that maintains good drainage to a depth of about
4 feet is needed. Planting the trees on beds lowers the
effective depth of the water table. A close -growing cover
crop should be maintained between tree rows to protect
the soil from blowing. Regular applications of fertilizer
are needed.
In its natural state, this soil is not suited to improved
pasture. However, if an adequate water control system is
installed to remove excess surface water after heavy
rains, suitability is good. Improved pangolagrass,
bahiagrass, and white clover grow well if properly
managed. Regular applications of fertilizer and lime are
needed. Overgrazing should be prevented.
The potential productivity of this soil for pine trees is
high. South Florida slash pine is the best adapted specie
to plant. Water control measures are necessary before
trees can be planted. Equipment limitations and seedling
mortality are the main concerns in management.
This soil is moderately suited to desirable range plant
production. The dominant forage is maidencane and
cutgrass. Because the depth of the water table
fluctuates throughout the year, a natural deferment from
grazing occurs. This rest period increases forage
production, but these periods during high water levels
reduce the grazing value of the site. Canova soil is in the
Freshwater Marshes and Ponds range site.
This soil has severe limitations for building site
development, sanitary facilities, and recreational uses
because of ponding and excess humus. Water control
measures are needed to overcome wetness. Organic
materials need to be removed and backfilled with
suitable soil material for urban use. Sealing or lining of
sewage lagoons and trench sanitary landfills with
impervious soil material can reduce excessive seepage.
Sidewalls of shallow excavations should be shaped, and
water control measures are needed. Mounding may be
needed for septic tank absorption fields.
This Canova soil is in capability subclass Illw.
42—Terra Cella muck. This soil is nearly level and
very poorly drained. It is in freshwater marshes. The
mapped areas range from 1,800 to 15,000 acres. Slopes
are smooth and are less than 1 percent.
Typically, the surface layer is black muck about 38
inches thick. Below that is very dark grayish brown muck
to a depth of 60 inches or more.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Gator soils. Also included are small areas of soils that
are similar to the Terra Ceia soil but have thin layers that
contain fibers from woody plants at a depth of 30 to 51
inches. The included soils make up less than 20 percent
of the map unit.
Under natural conditions, the water table is above the
surface for most of the year. In drained areas, the water
table is controlled at a depth of 10 to 36 inches or
controlled according to the need of the crop. The water
table is at or above the surface for short periods after
heavy rainfall and during the normal periods of high
seasonal rainfall. Permeability is rapid throughout, but
internal drainage is impeded by the shallow water table.
Indian River County, Florida
49
The available water capacity is very high throughout. The
natural fertility is high, and the organic matter content is
very high.
In some areas, this soil is drained and used for
improved pasture and crops. Natural vegetation consists
of a dense swamp growth of red maple, redbay, cypress,
Carolina willow, waterprimrose willow, waxmyrtle,
pickerelweed, sawgrass, cattail, buttonbush, arrowhead,
ferns, maidencane, and other water -tolerant grasses.
Areas of this soil provide cover for deer and are
excellent habitat for wading birds and other wetland
wildlife.
Under natural conditions, this Terra Ceia soil is not
suited to cultivated crops. However, if intensive
management practices and soil improving measures are
used and a water control system is installed to remove
excess water rapidly, this soil has good suitability for
many vegetable crops. A properly designed water control
system should be installed and maintained to remove the
excess water when crops are on the land and to keep
the soil saturated at all other times. Good management
practices include seedbed preparation and crop rotation.
Soil improving crops and crop residue should be used to
protect the soil from erosion and maintain organic
matter. Fertilizer and lime should be applied according to
the need of the crop.
In its natural state, this Terra Ceia soil is not suited to
citrus trees. It is poorly suited to this use even if
intensive management practices, such as bedding of
rows, are used and the water control system is
adequate.
In its natural condition, this soil is not suited to
improved pasture grasses; however, if an adequate
water control system is installed to remove excess
surface water after heavy rains, suitability is good.
Pangolagrass, improved bahiagrass, and white clover
grow well if properly managed. The water control system
should maintain the water table near the surface to
prevent excess subsidence of the organic material.
Regular applications of fertilizer and lime are needed.
Grazing should be controlled to maintain plant vigor.
This soil is not suited to pine trees.
This soil generally is not used for rangeland. Terra
Ceia soil is in the Swamp Hardwoods ecological plant
community.
This soil has severe limitations for building site
development, sanitary facilities, and recreational uses
because of ponding and excess humus. Water control
measures are needed to overcome excessive wetness.
Because of low strength, the organic surface layer must
be removed and backfilled with a soil material that is
suitable for urban use. Sealing or lining of sewage
lagoons and trench sanitary landfills with impervious soil
material can reduce excessive seepage. Sidewalls of
shallow excavations should be shored, and water control
measures are needed to overcome excessive wetness.
Mounding may be needed for septic tank absorption
fields.
This Terra Ceia soil is in capability subclass Illw.
44—Perrine Variant fine sandy loam. This soil is
nearly level and poorly drained. It is on narrow to broad,
elongated, low flats. This soil is primarily adjacent to tidal
areas along the Indian River. The mapped areas range
from 5 to 200 acres. Slopes are smooth to concave and
are dominantly less than 1 percent.
Typically, the surface layer is very dark gray fine sandy
loam about 6 inches thick. The underlying material is
gray sandy clay loam to a depth of about 24 inches. The
lower 4 inches of the underlying material has fragments
and small white to light brownish gray carbonate
nodules. Below that to a depth of 36 inches is a ledge of
hard, continuous limestone.
Included with this soil in mapping are Chobee and
Boca soils. The included soils make up about 15 percent
of the map unit.
For more than 6 months in most years, under natural
conditions, the water table is within 10 inches of the
surface about 30 to 50 percent of the time. Permeability
is moderately slow or moderate. The available water
capacity is medium in the surface layer and medium to
high in the subsurface layer. The natural fertility is high,
and the organic matter content is moderate.
Most areas have been cleared for citrus. If present,
the natural vegetation consists of cabbage palm, water
oak, Brazilian pepper, waxmyrtle, sedges, reeds, and
various grasses. Areas that are nearer to the coast
include American and white mangrove trees, sea rocket,
saltwort, and perennial glasswort.
Under natural conditions, this Perrine Variant soil has
severe limitations for cultivated crops because of
wetness and shallow depth to bedrock. If a water control
system is installed and maintained, this soil has fair
suitability for fruit and vegetable crops. A water control
system is needed to remove excess water during wet
periods, provide for subsurface irrigation, and prohibit
saltwater intrusion because of the soil's proximity to the
coast. Soil improving crops and crop residue should be
used to protect the soil from erosion and maintain
organic matter. Other good management practices are
seedbed preparation, including bedding of rows, and
applying fertilizer according to the need of the crop.
This Perrine Variant soil is poorly suited to citrus even
if a properly designed water control system is installed. A
water -control system that maintains good drainage to a
depth of about 4 feet is needed. Planting trees on beds
lowers the effective depth of the water table and depth
to the shallow limestone. Removal of the limestone
ledges allows for saltwater intrusion. Therefore, it is
further necessary to plant trees on beds. A cover crop
should be maintained between the trees, and regular
applications of fertilizer are needed.
50
Soil Survey
This soil has fair suitability for improved pasture
grasses. Bahiagrass and pangolagrass grow well if
properly managed. Water -control measures are needed
to remove excess surface water after heavy rains and to
prohibit saltwater intrusion. Regular applications of
fertilizer are needed. Grazing should be controlled to
maintain plant vigor.
This soil is not suited to pine trees. The shallow depth
to limestone and wetness are the main limitations.
This soil generally is not used for rangeland. In its
natural condition, Perrine Variant soil is in the Salt Marsh
ecological plant community.
This soil has severe limitations for building site
development, sanitary facilities, and recreational uses,
The shallow depth to bedrock and wetness are the main
limiting factors. Mounding is needed for septic tank
absorption fields. Because of the shallow depth to
bedrock and hardness of limestone, excavation is
difficult. The use of special equipment may be required.
This Perrine Variant soil is in capability subclass Illw,
45—Myakka fine sand, depressional. This soil is
nearly level and very poorly drained. It is in depressional
areas, The mapped areas range from 5 to 100 acres.
Slopes are concave and are less than 1 percent.
Typically, the surface layer is black fine sand about 4
inches thick. The subsurface layer is gray fine sand to a
depth of about 17 inches. The subsoil extends to a
depth of about 65 inches. The upper 3 inches of the
subsoil is weakly cemented black fine sand, The next 18
inches is dark brown fine sand. The next 12 inches is
black fine sand. The lower 15 inches is dark grayish
brown sand. The substratum to a depth of 80 inches or
more is light gray sand.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Immokalee, Pompano, and Samsula soils. Also included
are soils that are similar to the Myakka soil but have a
muck or mucky fine sand surface layer less than 15
inches thick. The included soils make up less than 20
percent of the map unit.
This soil is ponded for 6 to 9 months or more each
year. The water table is within a depth of 10 inches of
the surface for 2 to 4 months, and it is at a depth of 10
to 40 inches for most of the remainder of the year.
Permeability is rapid in the surface and subsurface layers
and in the substratum. It is moderate or moderately rapid
in the subsoil. The available water capacity is low in the
surface layer, very low in the subsurface layer and
substratum, and moderate in the subsoil. The natural
fertility is low, and the organic matter content is low.
Natural vegetation consists of blue maidencane,
broomsedge, St.-Johnswort, waxmyrtle, red maple, sand
cordgrass, milkwort, chalky bluestem, white bracted
sedge, pipewort, arrowhead, water hyacinth, and various
other water -tolerant weeds and grasses.
This soil has poor suitability for cultivated crops
because of ponding. Most areas do not have a suitable
drainage outlet, which makes an adequate drainage
system difficult to establish. However, if intensive
management practices and soil improving measures are
used and a water control system is installed to remove
excess water rapidly, this soil is moderately suited to
vegetable crops. Good management practices are crop
rotation and seedbed preparation, including bedding of
rows. Soil improving crops and crop residue should be
used to protect the soil from erosion and maintain
organic matter. Fertilizer and lime should be applied
according to the need of the crop.
Under natural conditions, this Myakka soil is not suited
to citrus trees, It is poorly suited to this use even if
intensive management practices are used and the water
control system is adequate.
This soil has fair suitability for improved pasture if very
intensive management practices and soil improving
measures are used and a water control system is
installed. Pangolagrass and improved bahiagrass grow
well if properly managed. Water control measures are
needed to remove the excess surface water after heavy
rains. Regular applications of fertilizer and lime are
needed. Grazing should be controlled to maintain plant
vigor,
The potential productivity of this soil for pine trees is
moderate. South Florida slash pine is the best adapted
tree to plant. Water control measures are necessary
before trees can be planted, Equipment limitations and
seedling mortality are the main concerns in
management.
This soil is moderately suited to desirable range plant
production. The dominant forage is maidencane and
cutgrass. Because the depth of the water table
fluctuates throughout the year, a natural deferment from
grazing occurs. This rest period increases forage
production, but these periods during high water levels
reduce the grazing value of the site. This Myakka soil is
in the Freshwater Marshes and Ponds range site.
This soil has severe limitations for building site
development, sanitary facilities, and recreational uses.
Water control measures are needed to overcome
excessive wetness. Sealing or lining of sewage lagoons
and trench sanitary landfills with impervious soil material
can reduce excessive seepage. Fill material to raise the
level of the land surface is needed for septic tank
absorption fields, local roads and streets, and small
commercial buildings and for playground use. Sidewalls
of shallow excavations should be shored. Mounding may
be needed for septic tank absorption fields.
This Myakka soil is in capability subclass Vllw.
46—Orsino fine sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes. This
soil is nearly level to gently sloping and moderately well
drained. It is on slightly higher ridges and knolls adjacent
to Sebastian Creek. The mapped areas range from 40 to
100 acres. Slopes are smooth to convex.
Indian River County, Florida
51
Typically, the surface layer is gray fine sand about 2
inches thick, The subsurface layer is white fine sand to a
depth of about 23 inches. The subsoil is dark reddish
brown and brown fine sand that has discontinuous
lenses of brown and reddish brown fine sand to a depth
of 43 inches. The next layer is very pale brown fine sand
to a depth of 62 inches. Below that to a depth of 80
inches or more is light gray fine sand.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Satellite, St. Lucie, Electra, Oldsmar, Pomello, and
Immokalee soils. The included soils make up less than
15 percent of the map unit.
In most years, under natural conditions, the water
table is between a depth of 40 and 60 inches for 6
months or more but recedes to a depth of more than 60
inches during droughty periods. Permeability is very
rapid. The available water capacity is very low. Natural
fertility and the organic matter content are very low.
Most areas of this soil are in natural vegetation
consisting of slash pine, sand pine, sand live oak,
scattered blackjack oak, turkey oak, and scrub oak. The
understory consists of pineland threeawn, indiangrass,
bluestems, grassleaf goldaster, and various other
grasses and (orbs.
This soil has fair suitability for citrus trees. A close -
growing cover crop should be maintained between the
tree rows to protect the soil from blowing and washing
away during heavy rains. High yields of fruit can be
obtained in some years without irrigation, but a properly
designed irrigation system to maintain optimum moisture
is generally necessary.
This Orsino soil has poor suitability for cultivated
crops. Droughtiness and rapid leaching of plant nutrients
reduce the variety of adapted crops that can be grown
and reduce crop yields. Row crops should be planted on
contourlike strips that alternate with strips of close -
growing crops. Close -growing crops are needed in the
crop rotation at least three -fourths of the time. Soil
improving crops and crop residue should be used to
protect the soil from erosion and maintain organic
matter. An intensively managed irrigation system is
needed, and fertilizer and lime should be applied
according to the need of the crop,
This soil has fair suitability for pasture and hay crops,
Deep -rooting plants, such as coastal bermudagrass and
bahiagrass, are well adapted to this soil, but yields are
reduced by droughts. Regular applications of fertilizer
and lime should be applied. Overgrazing should be
prevented.
The potential productivity of this soil for pine trees is
moderate. Equipment limitations, seedling mortality, and
plant competition are the main concerns in management.
South Florida slash pine and sand pine are the preferred
trees to plant,
This soil is poorly suited to desirable range plant
production. The vegetative community consists of a
dense, woody understory of sawpalmetto, Florida
rosemary, and scrub oak. Although this site is seldom
grazed by livestock, it does furnish winter protection.
Orsino soil is in the Sand Pine Scrub range site,
This soil has moderate limitations for septic tank
absorption fields. Septic tank absorption fields may need
to be enlarged because of wetness. The proximity to a
stream or canal should be considered in the placement
of a septic tank absorption field to prevent lateral
seepage and pollution. The limitations are slight for
dwellings without basements, small commercial
buildings, and local roads and streets. Land shaping may
be needed on the more sloping areas. This soil has
severe limitations for sewage lagoons, trench sanitary
landfills, shallow excavations, and recreational uses.
Sealing or lining of sewage lagoons and trench sanitary
landfills with impervious soil material can reduce
excessive seepage. Water control measures are needed
to lower the water table. Sidewalls of shallow
excavations need to be shored. The sandy surface layer
should be stabilized for recreational uses, and land
shaping may be needed on the more sloping areas.
This Orsino soil is in capability subclass IVs,
47—Holopaw fine sand. This soil is nearly level and
poorly drained. It is on broad, low flats and in poorly
defined drainageways. The mapped areas range from 10
to 50 acres. Slopes are smooth to concave and range
from 0 to 2 percent.
Typically, the surface layer is very dark gray and dark
grayish brown fine sand about 12 inches thick. The
subsurface layer extends to a depth of about 45 inches.
The upper 18 inches of the subsurface layer is pale
brown fine sand, and the lower 15 inches is grayish
brown fine sand. The subsoil is grayish brown sandy
loam that has pockets of brown fine sand to a depth of
about 62 inches. The substratum to a depth of 80 inches
or more is olive gray loamy fine sand.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Riviera, EauGallie, Oldsmar, and Malabar soils. Also
included are areas of soils that have a weakly stained
layer of organic matter above the subsoil and that are in
small depressional areas that are ponded. The included
soils make up less than 15 percent of the map unit,
The water table is within a depth of 10 inches of the
surface for 2 to 6 months each year. It is above the
surface for short periods after heavy rainfall. Permeability
is rapid in the surface and subsurface layers and is
moderately rapid in the subsoil. The available water
capacity is low to very low in the surface and subsurface
layers, medium in the subsoil, and low in the substratum.
Natural fertility and the organic matter content are low.
Most areas of this soil are in natural vegetation. The
natural vegetation consists of scattered slash pine,
cabbage palm, scattered sawpalmetto, waxmyrtle, blue
maidencane, pineland threeawn, panicums, sedges, and
other water -tolerant grasses.
52
Soil Survey
Under natural conditions, this Holopaw soil is poorly
suited to cultivated crops. However, it has a fair
suitability for vegetable crops if a water control system is
installed to remove excess water rapidly and provide for
subsurface irrigation. Soil improving crops and crop
residue should be used to protect the soil from erosion
and maintain organic matter. Seedbed preparation
should include bedding of rows. Fertilizer should be
applied according to the need of the crop.
This soil has good suitability for citrus trees if a
properly designed water control system is installed to
maintain the water table at a depth of about 4 feet.
Planting the trees on beds provides good surface
drainage. A close -growing cover crop should be
maintained between tree rows to protect the soil from
blowing. Regular applications of fertilizer are needed.
The suitability of this soil for pasture and hay crops is
good. Pangolagrass, improved bahiagrass, and clover
grow well if properly managed. Management practices
should include a water control system to remove excess
surface water after heavy rains, regular applications of
fertilizer, and controlled grazing.
The potential productivity of this soil for pine trees is
moderately high. South Florida slash pine is the best
adapted specie to plant. Water control measures are
necessary to remove excess surface water. Equipment
limitations and seedling mortality are the main concerns
in management.
This soil is well suited to desirable range plant
production. The dominant forage consists of blue
maidencane, chalky bluestem, and blue joint panicum.
Management practices should include deferred grazing.
Holopaw soil is in the Slough range site.
This soil has severe limitations for building site
development, sanitary facilities, and recreational uses.
Water control measures are needed to overcome
excessive wetness. Sealing or lining of sewage lagoons
and trench sanitary landfills with impervious soil material
can reduce excessive seepage. Mounding may be
needed for septic tank absorption fields. The sandy
surface layer should be stabilized for recreational uses.
Sidewalls of shallow excavations should be shored.
This Holopaw soil is in capability subclass IVw.
48—Electra sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes. This soil is
nearly level to gently sloping and somewhat poorly
drained. It is on knolls on the flatwoods and is adjacent
to natural drainageways. The mapped areas range from
20 to 300 acres. The areas that are along streams are
generally elongated. Slopes are smooth to convex.
Typically, the surface layer is dark gray sand about 5
inches thick. The subsurface layer is light gray sand to a
depth of about 30 inches. The subsoil extends to a
depth of about 80 inches. The upper 17 inches of the
subsoil is dark reddish brown sand and brown loamy
sand. The lower 33 inches or more is light brownish gray
sandy loam that has strong brown mottles.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Immokalee and Oldsmar soils. Also included are soils
that are similar to Electra soil but are moderately well
drained. The included soils make up about 15 percent of
the map unit.
In most years, under natural conditions, the water
table is at a depth of 25 to 40 inches for cumulative
periods of 4 months during the drier periods.
Permeability is rapid in the surface and subsurface layers
and moderate to slow in the sandy part of the subsoil
and slow in the loamy part. The available water capacity
is low to very low in the surface and subsurface layers
and medium in the subsoil. Natural fertility and the
organic matter content are very low.
Most areas of this soil are in natural vegetation. The
natural vegetation consists of south Florida slash pine,
scattered long leaf pine, scrub oak, sawpalmetto,
fetterbush, rusty lyonia, running oak, flag pawpaw,
pineland threeawn, and various other grasses, vines, and
forbs.
Under natural conditions this Electra soil is not suited
to cultivated crops because of droughtiness and the
sandy texture in the root zone. Citrus and vegetable
crops have fair suitability if good management practices
are used. A properly designed irrigation system is
necessary to maintain optimum moisture and obtain high
yields. Soil improving crops and crop residue should be
used to protect the soil from erosion and maintain
organic matter. Regular applications of fertilizer and lime
are needed. A ground cover of close -growing plants
should be maintained between tree rows to protect the
soil from blowing.
This soil has fair suitability for improved pasture
grasses. Deep-rooted plants, such as coastal
bermudagrass and bahiagrass, are well adapted to
droughty conditions. Regular applications of fertilizer and
lime are needed. Controlled grazing is needed to
maintain plant vigor.
The potential productivity of this soil for pine trees is
moderate. Equipment limitations and seedling mortality
are the main concerns in management. South Florida
slash pine and sand pine are the preferred trees to plant.
This soil is moderately suited to desirable range plant
production. The dominant forage is creeping bluestem,
lopsided indiangrass, pineland threeawn, south Florida
bluestem, and chalky bluestem. Management practices
should include deferred grazing and brush control.
Electra soil is in the South Florida Flatwoods range site.
This soil is very well suited to dwellings without
basements, small commercial buildings, and local roads
and streets. No corrective measures are needed. This
soil has severe limitations for septic tank absorption
fields and recreational uses. Water control measures are
needed for septic tank absorption fields, and the
proximity to a stream should be considered in its
placement to prevent lateral seepage and pollution. The
sandy surface layer should be stabilized for playground
Indian River County, Florida
53
use. This soil has severe limitations for trench sanitary
landfills, shallow excavations, and sewage lagoons.
Water control measures are needed. Sealing or lining of
trench sanitary landfills and sewage lagoons with
impervious soil material can reduce excessive seepage.
Sidewalls of shallow excavations should be shored.
This Electra soil is in capability subclass Vls.
49—Pompano fine sand. This soil is nearly level and
poorly drained. It is in sloughs and poorly defined
drainageways. The mapped areas range from 10 to 100
acres. Slopes are smooth to concave and range from 0
to 2 percent.
Typically, the surface layer is 16 inches thick. The
upper 3 inches of the surface layer is very dark gray fine
sand. The lower 13 inches is dark grayish brown fine
sand. The underlying material is fine sand to a depth of
80 inches or more. The upper 44 inches of the
underlying material is light brownish gray, and the lower
20 inches or more is grayish brown.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Immokalee, Holopaw, and Myakka soils. Also included
are areas of soils that are similar to Pompano soil but
have a weakly stained layer of organic matter at a depth
of more than 20 inches and also some areas of
Pompano soils that are occasionally flooded. The
included soils make up less than 20 percent of the map
unit.
In most years, under natural conditions, the water
table is within a depth of 10 inches of the surface for 2
to 6 months. During the drier months, it is within a depth
of 30 inches for more than 9 months each year. Some
areas are subject to sheet flow during periods of high
rainfall. Permeability is rapid, and the available water
capacity is very low. Natural fertility and the organic
matter content are low.
Most areas of this soil are in natural vegetation. The
natural vegetation consists of south Florida slash pine,
laurel oak, sawpalmetto, cabbage palm, blue
maidencane, pineland threeawn, sand cordgrass, low
panicums, and various weeds and grasses.
The suitability of this soil for citrus trees is fair, if a
properly designed water control system is installed to
maintain the water table at a depth of about 4 feet.
Planting the trees on beds provides good surface
drainage. A close -growing cover crop should be
maintained between tree rows to protect the soil from
blowing. Regular applications of lime and fertilizers are
needed.
Under natural conditions, this Pompano soil is poorly
suited to cultivated crops because of wetness and sandy
texture. The number of adapted crops that can be grown
is limited if very intensive management practices are not
followed. If good management practices are used, this
soil has fair suitability for cropland. A water control
system to remove excess water rapidly and provide for
subsurface irrigation is necessary. Soil improving crops
and crop residue should be used to protect the soil from
erosion and maintain organic matter. Seedbed
preparation should include bedding of rows. Fertilizer
and lime should be applied according to the need of the
crop.
This soil has good suitability for pasture and hay
crops. Pangolagrass, improved bahiagrass, and white
clover grow well if properly managed. Management
practices should include a water control system to
remove excess surface water after heavy rains, regular
applications of fertilizer and lime, and controlled grazing.
The potential productivity of this soil for pine trees is
moderate. Equipment limitations and seedling mortality
are the main concerns in management. Water control
measures are necessary to remove excess surface
water. South Florida slash pine is the best adapted
specie to plant.
This soil is well suited to desirable range plant
production. The dominant forage consists of blue
maidencane, chalky bluestem, and blue joint panicum.
Management practices should include deferred grazing.
Pompano soil is in the Slough range site.
This soil has severe limitations for sanitary facilities,
building site development, and recreational uses. Water
control measures are needed to overcome excessive
wetness. Septic tank absorption fields may need to be
enlarged because of wetness. Sealing or lining of
sewage lagoons and trench sanitary landfills with
impervious soil material can reduce excessive seepage.
The sandy surface layer should be stabilized for
recreational uses. Sidewalls of shallow excavations
should be shored. Water control measures are needed.
This Pompano soil is in capability subclass IVw.
50—Pits. This map unit consists of open excavations
from which soil and shell fragments have been removed
for use as fill material when constructing roads and
streets and for building site development. Most areas of
this map unit include mounds of waste material piled
between the excavated overburden, unusable material,
or fill material. This fill material will be used as needed.
Some small areas that contain water are included. Pits
are locally called borrow pits. They range in size from
small to large.
Pits have not been assigned to a capability subclass.
51—Riviera fine sand, depressional. This soil is
nearly level and very poorly drained. It is in depressional
areas. The mapped areas range from 5 to 200 acres.
Slopes are mostly concave, but a few slopes along slight
ridges are smooth to convex. They range from 0 to 2
percent.
Typically, the surface layer is very dark gray fine sand
about 2 inches thick. The subsurface layer extends to a
depth of about 28 inches. The upper 23 inches of the
subsurface layer is light gray fine sand, and the lower 3
inches is gray fine sand. The subsoil extends to a depth
54
Soil Survey
of about 45 inches. The upper 3 inches of the subsoil is
dark gray sandy clay loam that has intrusions and
pockets of gray and dark gray.fine sand. The lower 14
inches is olive gray sandy clay loam. The substratum to
a depth of 80 inches or more is light olive gray sandy
loam and loamy sand mixed with shell fragments.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Wabasso, Chobee, Floridana, Holopaw, Manatee,
Oldsmar, Pineda, and Winder soils. Also included are
areas of soils that have a thin organic surface layer and
also some Riviera soils that are flooded for about 1 to 3
months. These soils are in the south prong of Sebastian
Creek. The included soils make up less than 15 percent
of the map unit.
This Riviera soil is ponded for 6 to 9 months or more
each year. The water table is within 10 inches of the
surface for 2 to 4 months and between a depth of 10
and 40 inches for most of the remainder of the year. The
available water capacity is very low in the surface and
subsurface layers, moderate in the subsoil, and low to
moderate in the substratum. Permeability is rapid in the
surface and subsurface layers, slow to very slow in the
subsoil, and slow to moderately rapid in the substratum.
Natural fertility and the organic matter content are low.
Natural vegetation consists of blue maidencane, St.-
Johnswort, scattered cypress trees, red maple,
waxmyrtle, sand cordgrass, milkwort, white bracted
sedge, pipewort, arrowhead, water hyacinth, and various
other water -tolerant weeds and grasses.
This Riviera soil has poor suitability for cultivated
crops. However, it has fair suitability for vegetable crops
if a good water system is installed to protect the soil
from ponding and to remove excess surface water
rapidly. Good management practices include crop
rotation. Soil improving crops and crop residue should be
used to protect the soil from erosion and maintain
organic matter. Seedbed preparation should include
bedding of rows. Fertilizer should be applied according
to the need of the crops.
This soil has poor suitability for citrus trees. A water
control system that maintains good drainage to a depth
of about 4 feet is needed. Planting the trees on beds
lowers the effective depth of the water table. A close -
growing cover crop should be maintained between tree
rows to protect the soil from blowing. Regular
applications of fertilizers are needed.
This soil has fair suitability for pasture and hay crops.
Pangolagrass and improved bahiagrass grow well if
proper water control measures are provided to remove
excess surface water after heavy rains. Regular
applications of fertilizer are needed. Overgrazing should
be prevented.
The potential productivity of this soil for pine trees is
moderate. South Florida slash pine is the best adapted
specie to plant. Water control measures are necessary
before trees can be planted. Equipment limitations and
seedling mortality are the main concerns in
management.
This soil is moderately suited to desirable range plant
production. The dominant forage is maidencane and
cutgrass. Because the depth of the water table
fluctuates throughout the year, a natural deferment from
grazing occurs. This rest period increases forage
production, but these periods during high water levels
reduce the grazing value of the site. Riviera soil is in the
Freshwater Marshes and Ponds range site.
This soil has severe limitations for building site
development, sanitary facilities, and recreational uses.
Water control measures are needed to overcome
excessive wetness. Sealing or lining of sewage lagoons
and trench sanitary landfills with impervious soil material
can reduce seepage. Fill material is needed for septic
tank absorption fields, local roads and streets, and small
commercial buildings and for playground use. Sidewalls
of shallow excavations should be shored. Mounding may
be needed for septic tank absorption fields.
This Riviera soil is in capability subclass Vllw.
52—Oldsmar fine sand, depresslonal. This soil is
nearly level and very poorly drained. It is in depressional
areas. The mapped areas range from 4 to 30 acres.
Slopes are concave and are less than 1 percent.
Typically, the surface layer is black fine sand about 5
inches thick. The subsurface layer is gray and light gray
fine sand to a depth of 35 inches. The subsoil extends to
a depth of 65 inches or more. The upper 17 inches of
the subsoil is black, dark reddish brown, and dark brown
fine sand. The lower 13 inches is grayish brown sandy
loam. Below that is light brownish gray loamy fine sand
to a depth of 80 inches or more.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
EauGallie, Malabar, Pineda, Riviera, and Floridana soils.
Also included are soils that are similar to Oldsmar soil
but have a muck or mucky fine sand surface layer less
than 15 inches thick and also a few small areas of soils
that have a sandy subsoil that is not as well developed
as that in Oldsmar soil. These soils also are lighter
colored rather than the typical black color. The included
soils make up less than 20 percent of the map unit.
This Oldsmar soil is ponded for 6 to 9 months or more
each year. The water table is within 10 inches of the
surface for 2 to 4 months and between a depth of 10
and 40 inches for most of the remainder of the year.
Permeability is rapid in the surface and subsurface
layers. It is moderate to moderately rapid in the sandy
upper part of the subsoil and slow in the loamy lower
part. The available water capacity is very low in the
surface and subsurface layers and medium in the
subsoil. Natural fertility and the organic matter content
are low.
Natural vegetation consists of blue maidencane,
broomsedge, St.-Johnswort, bulrush, pipewort, ferns,
pickerelweed, white bracted sedge, and various other
Indian River County, Florida
55
water -tolerant weeds and grasses, Areas of this soil
provide excellent habitat for wading birds and other
wetland wildlife,
This Oldsmar soil is not suited to cultivated crops
because of ponding. However, if intensive management
practices and soil improving measures are used and a
water control system is installed to remove excess water
rapidly, this soil has fair suitability for vegetable crops,
Good management practices include crop rotation. Soil
improving crops and crop residue should be used to
protect the soil from erosion and maintain organic
matter. Seedbed preparation should include bedding of
rows, Fertilizer and lime should be applied according to
the need of the crop,
In the natural state, this soil is not suited to citrus
trees. It has poor suitability even if intensive practices
are used and the water control system is adequate.
Under natural conditions, this soil is not suited to
pasture. However, this soil has fair suitability for
improved pasture if very intensive management practices
and soil improving measures are used and a water
control system is installed, Pangolagrass and improved
bahiagrass grow well if properly managed, Water control
measures are needed to remove the excess surface
water after heavy rains, Regular applications of fertilizer
and lime are needed. Grazing should be controlled to
maintain plant vigor,
The potential productivity of this soil for pine trees is
moderate. South Florida slash pine is the best adapted
specie to plant. Water control measures are necessary
before trees can be planted. Equipment limitations,
seedling mortality, and plant competition are the main
concerns in management,
This soil is moderately suited to desirable range plant
production. The dominant forage is maidencane and
cutgrass. Because the depth of the water table
fluctuates throughout the year, a natural deferment from
grazing occurs, This rest period increases forage
production, but these periods during high water levels
reduce the grazing value of the site, This soil is in the
Freshwater Marshes and Ponds range site,
This soil has severe limitations for building site
development, sanitary facilities, and recreational uses,
Water control measures are needed to overcome
excessive wetness, Sealing or lining of sewage lagoons
and trench sanitary landfills with impervious soil material
can reduce excessive seepage. Fill material is needed
for septic tank absorption fields, local roads and streets,
and small commercial buildings and for playground use,
Sidewalls of shallow excavations should be shored,
Mounding may be needed for septic tank absorption
fields.
This Oldsmar soil is in capability subclass Vllw.
53—Manatee mucky loamy fine sand, depressional.
This soil is nearly level and very poorly drained. It is in
depressional areas. The mapped areas range from 5 to
50 acres. Slopes are concave and are less than 1
percent.
Typically, the surface layer is black mucky loamy fine
sand about 8 inches thick, The subsoil extends to a
depth of about 42 inches. The upper 16 inches of the
subsoil is black sandy loam that has few dark grayish
brown fine sand splotches. The lower 18 inches is very
dark gray sandy loam. Below that is dark grayish brown
loamy fine sand to a depth of 80 inches or more.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Chobee, Floridana, Holopaw, Malabar, Pineda, Riviera,
Samsula, and Winder soils. Also included are soils that
are similar to this Manatee soil but have a muck surface
layer more than 15 inches thick. The included soils make
up less than 20 percent of the map unit.
This soil is ponded for 6 to 9 months or more during
most years. The water table is within 10 inches of the
surface for most of the remainder of the year,
Permeability is moderately rapid in the surface layer and
moderate in the subsoil and underlying material, The
available water capacity is low to medium throughout,
Natural fertility is medium, and the organic matter
content is high,
Natural vegetation consists of sawgrass, blue
maidencane, pickerelweed, red maple, cypress,
scattered waxmyrtle, sedges, ferns, and other water -
tolerant grasses, Areas of this soil provide excellent
habitat for wading birds and other wetland wildlife.
This Manatee soil is not suited to cultivated crops
because of ponding. Most areas do not have a suitable
drainage outlet, which makes an adequate drainage
system difficult to establish, However, if intensive
management practices and soil improving measures are
used and a water control system is installed to remove
excess water rapidly, this soil has fair suitability for many
vegetable crops, Important management practices are
seedbed preparation, including bedding of rows, and
crop rotation. Soil improving crops and crop residue
should be used to protect the soil from erosion and
maintain organic matter. Fertilizer and lime should be
applied according to the need of the crop,
In the natural state, this soil is not suited to citrus
trees. It has poor suitability even if intensive
management practices, such as bedding of rows, are
used and the water control system is adequate.
This soil has poor suitability for improved pasture.
Intensive management practices and soil improving
measures should be used and a water control system
should be installed to remove excess surface water
rapidly, Pangolagrass and improved bahiagrass grow well
if properly managed, Water control measures are needed
to remove the excess surface water after heavy rains.
Regular applications of fertilizer and lime are needed.
Overgrazing should be prevented.
This soil generally is not used for woodland because
of wetness.
56
Soil Survey
This soil is moderately suited to desirable range plant
production. The dominant forage is maidencane and
cutgrass, Because the depth of the water table
fluctuates throughout the year, a natural deferment from
grazing occurs. This rest period increases forage
production, but these periods during high water levels
reduce the grazing value of the site. Manatee soil is in
the Freshwater Marshes and Ponds range site.
Ponding is a severe limitation for building site
development, sanitary facilities, and recreational uses.
Water control measures are needed to overcome
excessive wetness. Fill material is needed for urban use,
Sealing or lining of sewage lagoons and trench sanitary
landfills with impervious soil material can reduce
excessive seepage. Sidewalls of shallow excavations
should be shored, and water control measures are
needed. Mounding may be needed for septic tank
absorption fields.
This Manateee soil is in capability subclass Vllw.
54—Riomar clay loam. This soil is nearly level and
very poorly drained and is frequently flooded. It is in
mangrove swamps adjacent to the Indian River. This soil
formed in loamy or clayey tidal deposits that are
underlain by limestone. Tidal water inundates most of
these areas at high tide. Some areas in the counties
have been leveled off and are used as mosquito control
structures. Individual mapped areas- range from 10 to
260 acres. Slopes are less than 1 percent.
Typically, the surface layer is very dark gray clay loam
that has few to common pockets of very dark grayish
brown muck about 8 inches thick, The substratum
extends to a depth of about 25 inches but can range
from 20 to 40 inches. The upper 7 inches of the
substratum is very dark gray clay loam. The lower 10
inches is dark greenish gray sandy clay. Below that is
hard limestone bedrock that has few to common solution
holes. The upper 15 inches of the soil in the bedrock is
very fluid when squeezed in the hand, and the lower 10
inches is slightly fluid.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
McKee soils. Also included are a few areas of soils that
have limestone bedrock between a depth of 40 and 80
inches and a few areas of soils that have limestone at a
depth of less than 20 inches. Also included are soils that
have a high content of sand and some small areas of
soils that have been affected by drainage. These soils
do not behave as fluid when subjected to pressure. The
included soils make up less than 20 percent of the map
unit.
Riomar soil remains saturated, Soil strength is low,
The water content can be as high as 80 percent at field
condition, Fluctuating tides overwash the surface layer
twice daily, Permeability is very slow to slow, and the
available water capacity is very high in the upper 15
inches of the substratum and high in the lower 10
inches. Natural fertility is high for saltwater -tolerant
plants. The organic matter content is very high,
The native vegetation consists of red, black, and white
mangrove trees, and in some areas, it consists of sea
rocket, saltwort, perennial glasswort, seashore saltgrass,
and seashore paspalum. The red mangroves, which
have an extensive prop root system and shed floating
seed pods, are mainly along the river's. edge and along
ditches where tidal water is deeper. The black and white
mangroves, which propagate by sending up
pneumatophores or erect extensions of their root
systems above the soil surface, are mainly on slightly
higher elevations.
Because of tidal flooding and low soil strength, this
Riomar soil is not suited to cropland, citrus, improved
pasture, or woodland. Drainage of these soils would
probably cause them to become so acid that they could
not support much plant growth. However, if accessible
by an elevated road or levee, this soil is well suited to
beekeeping for mangrove honey production.
This soil generally is not used for rangeland. Riomar
soil is in the Mangrove Swamps ecological plant
community.
This soil is not suited to urban use because of tidal
flooding and low soil strength.
This soil is in mangrove swamps, which are unique
and biologically productive areas that are very important
to many species of fish and wildlife. Many sport and
commercial finfish, shellfish, and other crustaceans use
these areas as spawning grounds and nurseries.
Offshore birds use these areas as rookeries and feeding
grounds. Mangrove swamps also serve as protective
barriers in estuaries against excessive wave action
during tropical storms,
This Riomar soil is in capability subclass Vlllw.
55—Florldana mucky fine sand, depresslonal. This
soil is nearly level and very poorly drained. It is in
depressional areas. The mapped areas range from 5 to
100 acres. Slopes are concave and are less than 1
percent.
Typically, the surface layer is about 19 inches thick.
The upper 14 inches of the surface layer is black mucky
fine sand, and the lower 5 inches is very dark gray fine
sand. The subsurface layer is grayish brown sand to a
depth of 35 inches. The subsoil extends to a depth of
about 50 inches. The upper 9 inches of the subsoil is
dark grayish brown sandy clay loam, and the lower 6
inches is dark grayish brown sandy loam. The
substratum to a depth of 80 inches or more is grayish
brown loamy fine sand.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Chobee, Manatee, Riviera, Holopaw, Winder, and
Samsula soils. Also included are soils that are similar to
Floridana soil but have a muck surface layer that is more
than 15 inches thick. The included soils make up less
than 20 percent of the map unit.
Indian River County, Florida
57
This soil is ponded for 6 to 9 months during most
years. The water table is within 10 inches of the surface
for most of the remainder of the year. Permeability is
rapid in the surface and subsurface layers and slow to
very slow in the subsoil. The available water capacity is
medium in the surface layer, subsoil, and substratum and
low in the subsurface layer. Natural fertility is medium,
and the organic matter content is high.
Natural vegetation consists of sand cordgrass,
maidencane, St.-Johnswort, scattered waxmyrtle, and
other water -tolerant weeds and grasses. Areas of this
soil provide excellent habitat for wading birds and other
wetland wildlife.
This Floridana soil is not suited to cultivated crops
because of ponding. Most areas do not have a suitable
drainage outlet, which makes an adequate drainage
system difficult to establish. However, even if intensive
management practices and soil improving measures are
used and a water control system is installed to remove
excess water rapidly, this soil still has poor suitability for
many vegetable crops. Important management practices
are good seedbed preparation, including bedding of
rows, and crop rotation. Soil improving crops and crop
residue should be used to protect the soil from erosion
and maintain organic matter. Fertilizer and lime should
be applied according to the need of the crop.
In the natural state, this soil is not suitable for citrus
trees. However, citrus trees grow fairly well if intensive
management practices and soil improving measures are
used and a water control system is installed to remove
excess water rapidly. A water control system that
maintains good drainage to a depth of about 4 feet is
needed. Planting the trees on beds lowers the effective
depth of the water table. A close -growing cover crop
should be maintained between tree rows to protect the
soil from blowing. Regular applications of fertilizer are
needed.
In its natural state, this soil is not suited to improved
pasture grasses. However, if an adequate water control
system is installed to remove excess surface water after
heavy rains, suitability is fair. Pangolagrass and improved
bahiagrass grow well if properly managed. Regular
applications of fertilizer and lime are needed.
Overgrazing should be prevented.
This Floridana soil generally is not used for woodland
because of ponding and because a suitable drainage
outlet is not available.
This soil is moderately suited to desirable range plant
production. The dominant forage is maidencane and
cutgrass. Because the depth of the water table
fluctuates throughout the year, a natural deferment from
grazing occurs. This rest period increases forage
production, but these periods during high water levels
reduce the grazing value of the site. Floridana soil is in
the Freshwater Marshes and Ponds range site.
This soil has severe limitations for building site
development, sanitary facilities, and recreational uses.
Water control measures are needed to overcome
excessive wetness. Sealing or lining of sewage lagoons
and trench sanitary landfills with impervious soil material
can reduce excessive seepage. Fill material to raise the
level of the land surface is needed for septic tank
absorption fields, local roads and streets, and small
commercial buildings and for playground use. Sidewalls
of shallow excavations should be shored. Mounding may
be needed for septic tank absorption fields.
This Floridana soil is in capability subclass Vllw.
56—Pineda fine sand, depressional. This soil is
nearly level and very poorly drained. It is in depressional
areas. The mapped areas range from 4 to 50 acres.
Slopes are concave and are less than 1 percent.
Typically, the surface layer is grayish brown fine sand
about 2 inches thick. The subsurface layer, to a depth of
11 inches, is light brownish gray fine sand. The subsoil
extends to a depth of about 52 inches. The upper part of
the subsoil, to a depth of 32 inches, is brownish yellow
and light yellowish brown fine sand. The lower part is
gray and greenish gray sandy loam that has light olive
brown and olive brown mottles. Intrusions of light
yellowish brown fine sand extend from the upper part of
the subsoil into the sandy loam lower part. The
substratum to a depth of 80 inches or more is greenish
gray loamy fine sand.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Floridana, Riviera, Malabar, Holopaw, Oldsmar,
Wabasso, and Winder soils. The included soils make up
less than 15 percent of the map unit.
This Pineda soil is ponded for 6 to 9 months or more
each year. The water table is within 10 inches of the
surface for 2 to 4 months and at a depth of 10 to 40
inches for most of the remainder of the year.
Permeability is rapid in the surface and subsurface
layers. It is rapid in the upper part of the subsoil and
slow or very slow in the lower part and moderately rapid
in the substratum. The available water capacity is very
low in the surface and subsurface layers. It is very low in
the upper part of the subsoil and moderate in the lower
part and very low in the substratum. Natural fertility and
the organic matter content are low.
Natural vegetation consists of blue maidencane,
broomsedge, St.-Johnswort, pipewort, white bracted
sedge, milkwort, scattered waxmyrtle, sand cordgrass,
cabbage palm, bluestems, and various other water -
tolerant weeds and grasses. Areas of this soil provide
excellent habitat for wading birds and other wetland
wildlife.
This Pineda soil is very poorly suited to cultivated
crops. However, it is moderately well suited to vegetable
crops if a water control system is installed to protect the
soil from ponding and to remove excess surface water
rapidly. Good management, includes bedding of rows and
crop rotation. Soil improving crops and crop residue
should be used to protect the soil from erosion and
58
Soil Survey
maintain organic matter. Fertilizer should be applied
according to the need of the crop.
Under natural conditions, citrus trees are poorly suited
to this soil. A water control system that maintains good
drainage to a depth of about 4 feet is needed. Planting
trees on beds lowers the effective depth of the water
table. A close -growing cover crop sould be maintained
between tree rows to protect the soil from blowing.
Regular applications of fertilizer are needed.
This soil has fair suitability to pasture and hay crops.
Pangolagrass and improved bahiagrass grow well if
properly managed. A water control system should be
installed to remove excess surface water after heavy
rains. Regular applications of fertilizer are needed.
Overgrazing should be prevented.
The potential productivity of this soil for pine trees is
moderate. South Florida slash pine is the best adapted
specie to plant. Water control measures are necessary
before trees can be planted. Equipment limitations and
seedling mortality are the main concerns in
management.
This soil is moderately suited to desirable range plant
production. The dominant forage is maidencane and
cutgrass. Because the depth to the water table
fluctuates throughout the year, a natural deferment from
grazing occurs. This rest period increases forage
production, but these periods of high water levels reduce
the grazing value of the site. Pineda soil is in the
Freshwater Marshes and Ponds range site.
This soil has severe limitations for building site
development, sanitary facilities, and recreational uses.
Water control measures are needed to overcome
excessive wetness. Sealing or lining of sewage lagoons
and trench sanitary landfills with impervious soil material
can reduce excessive seepage. Fill material to raise the
level of the land surface is needed for septic tank
absorption fields, local roads and streets, and small
commercial buildings and for playground use. Sidewalls
of shallow excavations should be shored. Mounding may
be needed for septic tank absorption fields.
This Pineda soil is in capability subclass Vllw.
57—Holopaw fine sand, depressional. This soil is
nearly level and very poorly drained. It is in depressional
areas. The mapped areas range from 4 to 50 acres,
Slopes are concave and are less than 1 percent,
Typically, the surface layer is dark gray fine sand
about 8 inches thick. The subsurface layer is grayish
brown fine sand to a depth of about 47 inches. The
subsoil, to a depth of 65 inches, is dark gray and grayish
brown sandy loam that has pockets of grayish brown fine
sand. The substratum to a depth of 80 inches or more is
olive gray loamy fine sand that has pockets of grayish
brown fine sand.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Floridana, Manatee, Malabar, Pineda, and Riviera soils.
Also included are soils that are similar to Holopaw soil
but have a muck or mucky fine sand surface layer less
than 15 inches thick. The included soils make up less
than 20 percent of the map unit.
This soil is ponded for 6 to 9 months or more each
year. The water table is within 10 inches of the surface
for 2 to 4 months and between a depth of 10 and 40
inches for most of the remainder of the year.
Permeability is rapid in the surface and subsurface layers
and is moderately slow to moderate in the subsoil. The
available water capacity is low to very low in the surface
and subsurface layers, medium in the subsoil, and low in
the substratum. Natural fertility and the organic matter
content are low.
Natural vegetation consists of blue maidencane,
broomsedge, St.-Johnswort, waxmyrtle, panicums, sand
cordgrass, white bracted sedge, pipewort, stiff paspalum,
and various other water -tolerant weeds and grasses.
Areas of this soil provide excellent habitat for wading
birds and other wetland wildlife.
Under natural conditions, this Holopaw soil is not
suited to cultivated crops, However, even if a complete
water control system is installed to protect the soil from
ponding and to remove excess water rapidly, this soil still
has poor suitability for vegetable crops. Good
management practices include crop rotation and use of
soil improving crops and crop residue to protect the soil
from erosion and maintain organic matter. Seedbed
preparation should include bedding of rows. Fertilizer
should be applied according to the need of the crop.
This soil has poor suitability for citrus trees. A water
control system that maintains good drainage to a depth
of about 4 feet is needed. Planting the trees on beds
lowers the effective depth of the water table. A close -
growing cover crop should be planted between tree rows
to protect the soil from blowing. Regular applications of
fertilizer are needed.
This soil has fair suitability for pasture and hay crops.
Pangolagrass and improved bahiagrass grow well if
properly managed. A water control system should be
installed to remove excess surface water after heavy
rains. Regular applications of fertilizer are needed.
Overgrazing should be prevented.
The potential productivity of this soil for pine trees is
moderately high. South Florida slash pine is the best
adapted specie to plant, Water control measures are
necessary before trees can be planted. Seedling
mortality, plant competition, and equipment limitations
are concerns in management.
This soil is moderately suited to desirable range plant
production. The dominant forage is maidencane and
cutgrass. Because the depth of the water table
fluctuates throughout the year, a natural deferment from
grazing occurs. This rest period increases forage
production, but these periods during high water levels
reduce the grazing value of the site. Holopaw soil is in
the Freshwater Marshes and Ponds range site.
Indian River County, Florida
59
This soil has severe limitations for building site
development, sanitary facilities, and recreational uses.
Water control measures are needed to overcome
excessive wetness. Sealing or lining of sewage lagoons
and trench sanitary landfills with impervious soil material
can reduce excessive seepage. Fill material to raise the
level of the land surface is needed for septic tank
absorption fields, local roads and streets, and small
commercial buildings and for playground use. Sidewalls
of shallow excavations should be shored. Mounding may
be needed for septic tank absorption fields.
This Holopaw soil is in capability subclass Vllw.
58—Samsula muck. This soil is nearly level and very
poorly drained. It is in depressions, poorly defined
drainageways, and freshwater marshes and swamps.
The mapped areas range from 3 to 150 acres. Slopes
are concave and are less than 2 percent.
Typically, the surface layer is about 38 inches thick.
The upper 20 inches of the surface layer is black, well
decomposed muck, the next 6 inches is very dark gray
muck, and the lower 12 inches is very dark gray sand.
The underlying material is gray sand to a depth of 80
inches or more.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Delray, Floridana, Myakka, and Pompano depressional
soils. Also included are soils that are similar to Samsula
soil but have a muck surface layer that is less than 15
inches thick or have pockets of muck in the upper part
of the mineral layer. The included soils make up less
than 20 percent of the map unit.
This soil is ponded for 6 to 9 months during most
years. The water table is within 10 inches of the surface
for most of the remainder of the year. Permeability is
rapid throughout. Internal drainage is slow and is
inhibited by the water table. The available water capacity
is very high in the organic material and very low in the
underlying sand. Natural fertility is medium, and the
organic matter content is very high.
Most areas of this soil are in natural vegetation
consisting of cypress, red maple, St.-Johnswort,
sawgrass, pickerelweed, sedges, maidencane, ferns, and
other water -tolerant grasses. Areas of this soil provide
cover for deer and excellent habitat for wading birds and
other wetland wildlife.
Under natural conditions, this Samsula soil is not
suited to cultivated crops because of ponding. Most
areas do not have a suitable drainage outlet, which
makes an adequate drainage system difficult to
establish. However, if intensive management practices
and soil improving measures are used and a water
control system is installed to remove excess water
rapidly, this soil has fair suitability to some vegetable
crops. A properly designed and maintained water control
system removes the excess water when crops are on
the soil and keeps the soil saturated at all other times.
Good management practices include seedbed
preparation and crop rotation. Soil improving crops and
crop residue should be used to protect the soil from
erosion and maintain organic matter. Fertilizer and lime
should be applied according to the need of the crop.
In the natural state, this soil is not suited to citrus
trees. It has poor suitability even if intensive
management practices, such as bedding of rows, are
used and the water control system is adequate.
In its natural state, this soil has poor suitability for
improved pasture grasses. However, if a water control
system is installed to remove excess surface water after
heavy rains, suitability is fair. Pangolagrass, improved
bahiagrass, and white clover grow well if properly
managed. The water control system should maintain the
water table near the surface to prevent excess
subsidence of the organic material. Regular applications
of fertilizer and lime are needed. Overgrazing should be
prevented.
This soil is not suited to pine trees.
This soil generally is not used for rangeland. Samsula
soil is in the Cypress Swamp ecological plant community.
This soil has severe limitations for building site
development, sanitary facilities, and recreational uses
because of ponding and excess humus. Water control
measures are needed to overcome excessive wetness.
Organic materials need to be removed and backfilled
with suitable soil material for urban use. Sealing or lining
of sewage lagoons and trench sanitary landfills with
impervious soil material can reduce excessive seepage.
Sidewalls of shallow excavations should be shored.
Water control measures are needed. Mounding may be
needed for septic tank absorption fields.
This Samsula soil is in capability subclass Vllw.
59—Lokosee fine sand. This soil is nearly level and
poorly drained. It is in poorly defined drainageways and
on low hammocks and low, broad flats adjacent to the
flatwoods. The mapped areas range from 20 to 300
acres. Slopes are smooth to concave and range from 0
to 2 percent.
Typically, the surface layer is black fine sand about 3
inches thick. The subsurface layer is grayish brown fine
sand to a depth of about 10 inches. The subsoil extends
to a depth of 80 inches or more. The upper 19 inches of
the subsoil is mottled very pale brown and brownish
yellow sand, the next 16 inches is strong brown and very
pale brown sand. The next 10 inches is dark brown
sand, and the next 25 inches is light brownish gray and
pale brown sand. Below that is greenish gray sandy clay
loam.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Malabar, Holopaw, Pineda, Riviera, Oldsmar, and
EauGallie soils. Also included are areas of soils that do
not have a light colored subsurface layer or a light
colored subsoil between the weakly stained layer and
the argillic horizon, areas of soils that have pockets or
intrusions of overlying sandy material that extend into the
.0
Soil Survey
argillic horizon, and some areas of soils that have a
calcareous layer below the subsurface layer. The
included soils make up less than 15 percent of the map
unit.
The water table is within a depth of 10 inches of the
surface for 2 to 4 months and between a depth of 10 to
40 inches for more than 6 months. During extended dry
seasons, it recedes to a depth of more than 40 inches.
The available water capacity is low in the surface and
subsurface layers. It is low in the upper part of the
subsoil and moderate in the lower part. Permeability is
rapid in the surface and subsurface layers. It is rapid in
the upper part of the subsoil and slow or very slow in the
lower part. Natural fertility and the organic matter
content are low.
A large part of the acreage has been cleared and is in
improved pasture or citrus. Natural vegetation consists of
scattered slash pine, cabbage palm, inkberry, waxmyrtle,
scattered sawpalmetto, blue maidencane, pineland
threeawn, sand cordgrass, chalky bluestem, creeping
bluestem, low panicums, and various weeds and
grasses.
This Lokosee soil has poor suitability for cultivated
crops. However, it has fair suitability for vegetable crops
if a water control system is installed to remove excess
water rapidly and to provide for subsurface irrigation. Soil
improving crops and crop residue should be used to
protect the soil from erosion and maintain organic
matter. Seedbed preparation should include bedding of
rows. Fertilizer should be applied according to the need
of the crop.
This soil has fair suitability for citrus trees if a properly
designed water control system is installed to maintain
the water table at a depth of about 4 feet. Planting the
trees on beds provides good surface drainage. A close -
growing cover crop should be maintained between tree
rows to protect the soil from blowing. Regular
applications of fertilizer are needed.
This soil has good suitability for pasture and hay
crops. Pangolagrass, improved bahiagrasses, and clover
grow well if properly managed. Management practices
should include a water control system to remove excess
surface water after heavy rains, regular applications of
fertilizer, and controlled grazing.
The potential productivity of this soil for pine trees is
moderately high. South Florida slash pine is the best
adapted specie to plant. Water control measures are
needed to remove excess surface water. Equipment
limitations and seedling mortality are the main concerns
in management.
This soil is well suited to desirable range plant
production. The dominant forage is creeping bluestem,
chalky bluestem, and blue maidencane. Management
practices should include deferred grazing and brush
control. Lokosee soil is in the Cabbage Palm Flatwoods
range site.
This soil has severe limitations for building site
development, sanitary facilities, and recreational uses.
Water control measures and fill material are needed to
overcome excessive wetness. Sealing or lining of
sewage lagoons and trench sanitary landfills with
impervious soil material can reduce excessive seepage.
Mounding may be needed for septic tank absorption
fields. The sandy surface layer should be stabilized for
recreational uses. Sidewalls of shallow excavations
should be shored.
This Lokosee soil is in capability subclass IVw.
60—Pompano fine sand, depressionai. This soil is
nearly level and very poorly drained. It is in depressional
areas. The mapped areas range from 5 to 100 acres.
Slopes are concave and range from 0 to 1 percent.
Typically, the surface layer is black fine sand about 6
inches thick. The underlying material extends to a depth
of 80 inches or more. The upper 4 inches of the
underlying material is gray fine sand that has few to
common dark gray splotches and streaks, and the lower
70 inches or more is gray fine sand.
Included with this soil in mapping are -small areas of
Myakka and Manatee soils. Also included are small
areas of soils that are similar to Pompano soil but have
an organic surface layer up to 10 inches thick and also
small areas of soils that have a weakly stained layer of
organic material at a depth of more than 20 inches. The
included soils make up less than 20 percent of the map
unit.
This soil is ponded for 6 to 9 months during most
years. The water table is within 10 inches of the surface
for most of the remainder of the year. Permeability is
rapid throughout. The available water capacity is very
low. Natural fertility and the organic matter content are
low.
Natural vegetation consists of baldcypress, scattered
cabbage palm, red maple, waxmyrtle, Carolina willow,
St. Johnswort, maidencane, stiff paspalum, sedges, and
other water -tolerant weeds and grasses. Areas of this
soil provide excellent habitat for wading birds and other
wetland wildlife.
Under natural conditions, this soil is not suited to
cultivated crops because of ponding. Most areas do not
have a suitable drainage outlet, which makes an
adequate drainage system difficult to establish. Even if
intensive management practices and soil improving
measures are used and a water control system is
installed to remove excess water rapidly, this soil still
has poor suitability for vegetable crops. Good
management practices are seedbed preparation,
including bedding of rows, and crop rotation. Soil
improving crops and crop residue should be used to
protect the soil from erosion and maintain organic
matter. Fertilizer and lime should be applied according to
the need of the crop.
Indian River County, Florida
61
In the natural state, this soil is not suited to citrus
trees. It has poor suitability even if intensive
management practices, such as bedding of rows, are
used and the water control system is adequate.
In its natural state, this soil has poor suitability for
improved pasture grasses. However, if an adequate
water control system is installed to remove excess
surface water after heavy rains, suitability is fair.
Pangolagrass, improved bahiagrass, and white clover
grow well if properly managed. Controlled grazing is
needed.
The potential productivity of this soil for pine trees is
moderate. South Florida slash pine is the best adapted
specie to plant. Water control measures are necessary
before trees can be planted. Equipment limitations and
seedling mortality are the main concerns in
management.
This soil generally is not used for rangeland. Pompano
soil is in the Cypress Swamp ecological plant community.
This soil has severe limitations for building site
development, sanitary facilities, and recreational uses
because of ponding. Water control measures are needed
to overcome excessive wetness. Fill material to raise the
level of the land surface is needed for urban use.
Sealing or lining of sewage lagoons and trench sanitary
landfills with impervious soil material can reduce
excessive seepage. Sidewalls of shallow excavations
should be shored. Water control measures are needed.
Mounding may be needed for septic tank absorption
fields.
This Pompano soil is in capability subclass Vllw.
61—Delray muck. This soil is nearly level and very
poorly drained. It is in depressional areas. The mapped
areas range from 5 to 200 acres. Slopes are concave
and are less than 2 percent.
Typically, the surface layer is about 21 inches thick.
The upper 3 inches of the surface layer is black muck,
the next 14 inches is black fine sand, and the lower 4
inches is very dark grayish brown sand. The subsurface
layer, to a depth of 45 inches, is very dark grayish brown
and grayish brown sand. The subsoil is dark grayish
brown sandy clay loam to a depth of 52 inches. The
substratum to a depth of 80 inches or more is gray
sandy loam.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Floridana, Holopaw, and Oldsmar depressional soils.
Also included are soils that are similar to Delray soil but
do not have a muck surface layer or do not have
pockets of muck throughout the surface layer and also
an area of soils that have a muck surface layer that is
more than 15 inches thick. The included soils make up
less than 20 percent of the map unit.
This soil is ponded for 6 to 9 months during most
years. The water table is within 10 inches of the surface
for most of the remainder of the year. Permeability is
rapid in the surface and subsurface layers and moderate
to moderately rapid in the subsoil. The available water
capacity is medium in the surface layer and subsoil and
low in the subsurface layer. Natural fertility is medium,
and the organic matter content is high.
Natural vegetation consists of cypress, pickerelweed,
maidencane, arrowhead, sand cordgrass, sedges,
rushes, ferns, and other water -tolerant weeds and
grasses. Areas of this soil provide excellent habitat for
wading birds and other wetland wildlife.
Under natural conditions, this Delray soil is not suited
to cultivated crops because of ponding. Most areas do
not have a suitable drainage outlet, which makes an
adequate drainage system difficult to establish. Even if
intensive management practices and soil improving
measures are used and a water control system is
installed to remove excess water rapidly, this soil still
has poor suitability for many vegetable crops. Good
management practices are seedbed preparation,
including bedding of rows, and crop rotation. Soil
improving crops and crop residue should be used to
protect the soil from erosion and maintain organic
matter. Fertilizer and lime should be applied according to
the need of the crop.
In the natural state, this soil is not suited to citrus
trees. However, the suitability for citrus trees is fair if
intensive management practices and soil improving
measures are used and a water control system is
installed to remove excess water rapidly. A water control
system that maintains good drainage to a depth of about
4 feet is needed. Planting the trees on beds lowers the
effective depth of the water table. A close -growing cover
crop should be maintained between tree rows to protect
the soil from blowing. Regular applications of fertilizer
are needed.
In its natural state, this soil is not suited to improved
pasture grasses. However, if an adequate water control
system is installed to remove excess surface water after
heavy rains, suitability is fair. Pangolagrass, improved
bahiagrass, and white clover grow well if properly
managed. Regular applications of fertilizer and lime are
needed. Overgrazing should be prevented.
The potential productivity of this soil for pine trees is
moderately high. South Florida slash pine is the best
adapted specie to plant. Water control measures are
necessary before trees can be planted. Equipment
limitations, plant competition, and seedling mortality are
the main concerns in management.
This soil is moderately suited to desirable range plant
production. The dominant forage is maidencane and
cutgrass. Because the depth of the water table
fluctuates throughout the year, a natural deferment from
grazing occurs. This rest period increases forage
production, but these periods during high water levels
reduce the grazing value of the site. Delray depressional
soil is in the Freshwater Marshes and Ponds range site.
This soil has severe limitations for building site
development, sanitary facilities, and recreational uses.
62
Soil Survey
Water control measures are needed to overcome
excessive wetness. Sealing or lining of sewage lagoons
and trench sanitary landfills with impervious soil material
can reduce excessive seepage. Fill material to raise the
level of the land surface is needed for septic tank
absorption fields, local roads and streets, and small
commercial buildings and for playground use. Sidewalls
of shallow excavations should be shored. Mounding may
be needed for septic tank absorption fields.
This Delray soil is in capability subclass Vllw.
62—Chobee mucky loamy fine sand, depressional.
This soil is nearly level and very poorly drained. It is in
depressional areas. The mapped areas range from 5 to
100 acres. Slopes are concave and range from 0 to 1
percent.
Typically, the surface layer is 5 inches of black mucky
loamy fine sand. The subsoil extends to a depth of about
42 inches. The upper 5 inches of the subsoil is black
sandy clay loam, the next 18 inches is very dark gray
sandy clay loam that has few medium pockets of loamy
sand, and the lower 14 inches is dark gray sandy clay
loam that has few grayish brown and very dark gray
streaks and splotches. The substratum extends to a
depth of 80 inches or more. The upper 8 inches of the
substratum is greenish gray sandy loam that has gray
and dark gray mottles and streaks along root channels.
The lower 30 inches or more is greenish gray loamy
sand that has few dark gray streaks along root channels
and few light gray shell fragments.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Floridana and Manatee depressional soils. Also included
are small areas of soils that are similar to Chobee soil
but have an organic surface layer that generally is 2 to 4
inches thick but in a few places it can be up to 10 inches
thick. The included soils make up less than 20 percent
of the map unit.
This soil is ponded for 6 to 9 months during most
years. The water table is within 10 inches of the surface
for most of the remainder of the year. Permeability is
rapid in the surface layer, moderately slow to very slow
in the subsoil, and moderately rapid in the substratum.
The available water capacity is high in the surface layer
and moderate in the subsoil and substratum. Natural
fertility and the organic matter content are high..
Natural vegetation consists of red maple, cabbage
palm, scattered cypress, sawgrass, waxmyrtle, Carolina
willow, ferns, sedges, pickerelweed, greenbrier, and
other water -tolerant weeds and grasses. Areas of this
soil provide excellent habitat for wading birds and other
wetland wildlife.
Under natural conditions, this Chobee soil is not suited
to cultivated crops because of ponding. Most areas do
not have a suitable drainage outlet, which makes an
adequate drainage system difficult to establish. However,
if intensive management practices and soil improving
measures are used and a water control system is
installed to remove excess surface water rapidly, this soil
has fair suitability for many vegetable crops. Good
management practices are seedbed preparation,
including bedding of rows, and crop rotation. Soil
improving crops and crop residue should be used to
protect the soil from erosion and maintain organic
matter. Fertilizer and lime should be applied according to
the need of the crop.
In the natural state, this soil is not suited to citrus
trees. It has poor suitability even if intensive
management practices, such as bedding of rows, are
used and the water control system is adequate.
In its natural state, this soil has poor suitability for
improved pasture grasses. However, if an adequate
water control system is installed to remove excess
surface water after heavy rains, suitability is fair.
Pangolagrass, improved bahiagrass, and white clover
grow well if properly managed. Regular applications of
fertilizer and lime are needed. Overgrazing should be
prevented.
This soil is not suited to pine trees. The potential
productivity is very low for this use.
This soil generally is not used for rangeland. Chobee
soil is in the Swamp Hardwoods ecological plant
community.
Ponding is a severe limitation to use of this soil for
building site development, sanitary facilities, and
recreational uses. Water control measures are needed to
overcome excessive wetness. Fill material to raise the
level of the land surface is needed for many urban uses.
Sidewalls of shallow excavations should be shored.
Water control measures should be used. Mounding may
be needed for septic tank absorption fields.
This Chobee soil is in capability subclass Vllw.
63—Kesson muck. This soil is nearly level and very
poorly drained and is frequently flooded. It is in tidal
swamps and marshes. This soil formed in thick marine
deposits of sand and shell fragments. These swamps
and marshes are at or near sea level and are adjacent
to the Indian River. Tidal water inundates most of these
areas at high tide. Some areas of this soil have been
leveled off and are used as mosquito control structures.
Individual mapped areas range from 20 to 100 acres.
Slopes are less than 1 percent.
Typically, the surface layer is about 6 inches thick. It is
dark reddish brown muck that is about 30 percent
unrubbed fiber and less than 5 percent rubbed. The
underlying material is grayish brown and dark greenish
gray fine sand mixed with about 15 to 25 percent sand -
size shell fragments to a depth of 80 inches or more.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Pompano, Captiva, and McKee soils. Also included are
soils that are similar to Kesson soil but have an organic
surface layer 8 to 15 inches thick. The included soils
make up less than 15 percent of the map unit.
Indian River County, Florida
63
Under natural conditions, this soil is flooded during
normal high tides. Permeability is moderately rapid. The
available water capacity is high in the surface layer and
low in the underlying materials. Natural fertility is high for
saltwater -tolerant plants. The organic matter content is
high.
The native vegetation consists of red, black, and white
mangroves. In some areas are searocket, saltwort,
perennial glasswort, seashore saltgrass, and seashore
paspalum.
Because of tidal flooding, Kesson soil is not suited to
cropland, citrus, improved pasture, rangeland, or
woodland. Kesson soils are in the Mangrove Swamps
ecological plant community.
This soil is in mangrove swamps, which are unique
and biologically productive areas that are very important
to many species of fish and wildlife. Many sport and
commercial finfish, shellfish, and other crustaceans use
these areas as spawning grounds and nurseries. Birds
use these areas as rookeries and feeding grounds.
Mangrove swamps also serve as protective barriers in
estuaries against excessive wave action during tropical
storms.
This soil is not suited to urban use because of tidal
flooding.
This Kesson soil is in capability subclass Vlllw.
65
Use and Management of the Soils
This soil survey is an inventory and evaluation of the
soils in the survey area. It can be used to adjust land
uses to the limitations and potentials of natural
resources and the environment. Also, it can help avoid
soil -related failures in land uses,
In preparing a soil survey, soil scientists,
conservationists, engineers, and others collect extensive
field data about the nature and behavior characteristics
of the soils. They collect data on erosion, droughtiness,
flooding, and other factors that affect various soil uses
and management. Field experience and collected data
on soil properties and performance are used as a basis
for predicting soil behavior,
Information in this section can be used to plan the use
and management of soils for crops and pasture; as
rangeland and woodland; as sites for buildings, sanitary
facilities, highways and other transportation systems, and
parks and other recreation facilities; and for wildlife
habitat. It can be used to identify the potentials and
limitations of each soil for specific land uses and to help
prevent construction failures caused by unfavorable soil
properties.
Planners and others using soil survey information can
evaluate the effect of specific land uses on productivity
and on the environment in all or part of the survey area.
The survey can help planners to maintain or create a
land use pattern that is in harmony with nature.
Contractors can use this survey to locate sources of
sand and gravel, roadfill, and topsoil. They can use it to
identify areas where bedrock, wetness, or very firm soil
layers can cause difficulty in excavation.
Health officials, highway officials, engineers, and
others may also find this survey useful. The survey can
help them plan the safe disposal of wastes and locate
sites for pavements, sidewalks, campgrounds,
playgrounds, lawns, and trees and shrubs.
Crops and Pasture
General management needed for crops and pasture is
suggested in this section. The crops or pasture plants
best suited to the soils, including some not commonly
grown in the survey area, are identified; the system of
land capability classification used by the Soil
Conservation Service is explained; and the estimated
yields of the main crops and hay and pasture plants are
listed for each soil.
Planners of management systems for individual fields
or farms should consider the detailed information given
in the description of each soil under "Detailed Soil Map
Units." Specific information can be obtained from the
local office of the Soil Conservation Service or the
Cooperative Extension Service.
Approximately 132,000 acres in Indian River County
was used for crops and pasture in 1983 (7). Of this total,
about 63,000 acres was planted to citrus, mainly oranges
and grapefruit, Small acreages of tangelos and
tangerines also were grown. Of the total acreage in the
county, about 62,000 acres was used for improved
pasture. About 7,000 acres was used for various crops,
such as field corn, sorghum, soybeans, and rice. Some
small areas were planted to sweet corn, cabbage,
tomatoes, melons, strawberries, and nursery plants.
The western and northern parts of the county are
generally well suited to increased citrus and vegetable
production. Approximately 150,000 acres of potentially
good cropland is presently used for pasture, native
range, and woodland, Conversion of this land to crops
would require overcoming serious limitations or hazards,
such as wetness, rapid permeability, and low natural
fertility. A water control system to remove excess water
in wet seasons and also to provide water through
subsurface irrigation in dry seasons is needed if citrus
and vegetable crops are to be grown. In addition, by
implementing the latest crop production technology
along with the information provided by this soil survey,
food production would be increased on all cropland in
the survey area.
Although the potential for increased food production
exists in Indian River County, several factors must also
be considered in selecting crops and growing sites.
Among these factors are the economic conditions, the
risk of possible adverse weather conditions, the
availability of suitable drainage outlets, the availability of
an adequate supply of freshwater for irrigation, and
environmental considerations. The environmental
considerations include possible pollution of nearby
waters and the desirability of planners and developers to
use the land for urban use.
While considering the possibilities of increasing food
production in the county, knowledge of soils and soil
properties is necessary. Some of the major soil
properties that should be considered are water and wind
erosion, wetness, soil fertility, and tilth.
Soil Survey
Soil erosion is mainly a hazard on disturbed soil in
areas where development for urban use or farming
operations occur, Soil erosion by water during intense
storms lowers the productivity of the soil by washing
away the more fertile topsoil. It also increases the
pollution of streams by sediment, which, as an end
result, detracts from the quality of water for municipal
use, for recreational uses, and for use as habitat for fish
and wildlife, Erosion control practices include the use of
a protective surface cover to reduce runoff and increase
infiltration by mulching and by temporarily seeding of
vegetation,
Wind erosion is a major problem on the sandy soils
and on the muck soils in the survey area, Wind erosion
reduces soil fertility by removing fine soil particles and
organic matter; damages crops and young citrus trees by
sandblasting; spreads diseases, insects, and weed
seeds; creates health hazards and cleaning problems in
urban areas that have been cleared of vegetation; and
lowers air quality. Maintaining a vegetative cover and
surface mulching minimize soil blowing.
Clearing and disturbing only the minimum area needed
for work and improvements, mulching, seeding, and
using cover crops reduce soil and wind erosion.
Information about erosion control practices for each kind
of soil is available from the local office of the Soil
Conservation Service,
Soil drainage is a major concern in management on
most soils that are presently used for crops and pasture,
Under natural conditions, approximately 75 percent of
the soils in the county is either poorly drained or very
poorly drained, Some soils, such as Floridana, Chobee,
and Manatee soils, are naturally so wet that the growing
of crops or pasture is generally not feasible without
extensive water control systems. However, if a good
water control system is installed to remove excess water
rapidly, these wet soils are moderately suited to many
vegetable crops and improved pasture, In addition, many
of the poorly drained soils, such as Myakka, Riviera, and
Immokalee soils, have a sandy surface layer and a low
available water capacity and are droughty during dry
periods. In managing these soils, a water control system
is needed to remove excess water in wet periods and
provide water through subsurface irrigation in dry
periods. The design of the drainage and irrigation system
varies according to the kind of soil and to the kinds of
crops and pasture that are to be grown on the soil,
Successful citrus production, which is extensively
practiced on the poorly drained soils throughout the
county, requires intensive management, To maintain the
water table at a depth of about 4 feet, a water control
system is needed, Also, planting trees on beds is an
effective way to lower the water table. Management
practices, such as flood irrigation and low volume or drip
irrigation, should be used on poorly drained soils during
dry periods, and also these practices should be used to
protect against frost damage.
Some soils, such as Pepper soils, have a weakly
cemented subsoil; and some, such as Winder soils, have
a shallow, loamy subsoil, These subsoils act as
restricting layers and impede the movement of water
through the soil. The wet soils that have a weakly
cemented subsoil or a shallow, loamy subsoil often
remain wet long after the wet period, A cemented
subsoil or other impervious layer can be a severe
limitation to soil drainage, which is required for most
uses, but it can be used to advantage to maintain a
shallow water table, which is required for specific crops,
Organic soils, such as Terra Ceia and Gator soils,
need special drainage and irrigation systems to prevent
the oxidation and subsidence of these soils, These
systems are needed to keep the water table at the
highest practical level for the crop, for tilling during the
growing season, and for raising the water table to the
surface the remainder of the time, Information about a
water control system designed for each kind of soil is
available from the local office of the Soil Conservation
Service,
Soil fertility is naturally low in most of the soils in the
county, The dark surface mineral soils, such as Chobee,
Delray, Floridana, and Jupiter soils, have more organic
matter and more plant nutrients. Organic soils, such as
Terra Ceia and Gator soils, require special fertilizers
because they are low in copper, selenium, and other
trace elements,
Many of the soils in the county have a surface layer
that is naturally strongly acid. Applications of lime are
required to raise the pH level sufficiently if clover and
other crops that need neutral pH are grown on these
strongly acid soils, The level of nitrogen, available
phosphorus, and potash are naturally low in most of the
mineral soils, On all the soils, additions of lime and
fertilizer should be based on the results of soil tests, on
crop -growth requirements, and on the expected level of
yields, The Cooperative Extension Service can help in
determining the kinds and amounts of fertilizer and lime
to apply,
Soil filth refers to the condition of the soil in relation to
plant growth, It is an important factor in the germination
of seeds and in the infiltration of water into the soil. Soils
with good tilth are granular, porous, and easily cultivated.
Most of the mineral soils in the county have a sandy
surface layer that is light in color and low in organic
matter, Generally, the structure of the surface layer of
such soils is weak, or the soils are structureless, If the
soil becomes very dry, a slight crust tends to form on the
surface, which impedes the rate of infiltration and
increases runoff, Regular additions of crop residue and
other organic material improve soil structure. Soil
improving crops and crop residue should be used to
protect the soil from erosion and maintain organic
matter,
Pastures in the county are used to produce forage for
beef cattle, cow -calf operations, and dairy cattle, The
Indian River County, Florida
67
major perennial pasture grass grown in the county
consists primarily of improved bahiagrass. A mixture of
white clover and improved bahiagrass is also grown in
the area. Some farmers overseed rye on bahiagrass
pastures in the fall for winter and spring grazing.
Differences in the amount and kind of pasture yields
are closely related to the kind of soil. Effective pasture
management should include maintaining adequate
moisture levels in droughty soils; water control measures
to remove excess surface water after heavy rains on
soils with a high water table; regular applications of lime
and fertilizers; and pasture rotation to prevent
overgrazing. Table 5 shows, for each kind of soil, the
estimated annual production of forage in animal -unit
months for the major forage plants presently grown in
the survey area.
Yields Per Acre
The average yields per acre that can be expected of
the principal crops under a high level of management
are shown in table 5. In any given year, yields may be
higher or lower than those indicated in the table because
of variations in rainfall and other climatic factors.
The yields are based mainly on the experience and
records of farmers, conservationists, and extension
agents, Available yield data from nearby counties and
results of field trials and demonstrations are also
considered.
The management needed to obtain the indicated
yields of the various crops depends on the kind of soil
and the crop. Management can include drainage, erosion
control, and protection from flooding; the proper planting
and seeding rates; suitable high -yielding crop varieties;
appropriate and timely tillage; control of weeds, plant
diseases, and harmful insects; favorable soil reaction
and optimum levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium,
and trace elements for each crop; effective use of crop
residue, barnyard manure, and green manure crops; and
harvesting that insures the smallest possible loss.
For yields of irrigated crops, it is assumed that the
irrigation system is adapted to the soils and to the crops
grown, that good quality irrigation water is uniformly
applied as needed, and that tillage is kept to a minimum.
The estimated yields reflect the productive capacity of
each soil for each of the principal crops. Yields are likely
to increase as new production technology is developed.
The productivity of a given soil compared with that of
other soils, however, is not likely to change.
Crops other than those shown in table 5 are grown in
the survey area, but estimated yields are not listed
because the acreage of such crops is small. The local
office of the Soil Conservation Service or of the
Cooperative Extension Service can provide information
about the management and productivity of the soils for
those crops.
Land Capability Classification
Land capability classification shows, in a general way,
the suitability of soils for use as cropland. Crops that
require special management are excluded. The soils are
grouped according to their limitations for field crops, the
risk of damage if they are used for crops, and the way
they respond to management. The criteria used in
grouping the soils do not include major, and generally
expensive, landforming that would change slope, depth,
or other characteristics of the soils, nor do they include
possible but unlikely major reclamation projects.
Capability classification is not a substitute for
interpretations designed to show suitability and
limitations of groups of soils for rangeland, for woodland,
and for engineering purposes.
In the capability system, soils are generally grouped at
three levels: capability class, subclass, and unit. Only
class and subclass are used in this survey. These levels
are defined in the following paragraphs.
Capability classes, the broadest groups, are
designated by Roman numerals III through VIII. The
numerals indicate progressively greater limitations and
narrower choices for practical use. The classes are
defined as follows:
Class III soils have severe limitations that reduce the
choice of plants or that require special conservation
practices, or both.
Class IV soils have very severe limitations that reduce
the choice of plants or that require very careful
management, or both.
Class VI soils have severe limitations that make them
generally unsuitable for cultivation.
Class VII soils have very severe limitations that make
them unsuitable for cultivation.
Class VIII soils and miscellaneous areas have
limitations that nearly preclude their use for commercial
crop production.
Capability subclasses are soil groups within one class.
They are designated by adding a small letter, w or s to
the class numeral, for example, Ile. The letter w shows
that water in or on the soil interferes with plant growth or
cultivation (in some soils the wetness can be partly
corrected by artificial drainage), and s shows that the soil
is limited mainly because it is shallow, droughty, or stony.
The soils in class V are subject to little or no erosion,
but they have other limitations that restrict their use to
pasture, rangeland, woodland, wildlife habitat, or
recreation. Class V contains only the subclasses
indicated by w or s.
The acreage of soils in each capability class and
subclass is shown in table 6. The capability classification
of each map unit is given in the section "Detailed Soil
Map Units."
Soil Survey
Rangeland
Clifford W. Carter and Greg Hendricks, range conservationists, Soil
Conservation Service, assisted in preparing this section.
Native grasses, forbs, and browse plants from
rangeland are an important resource to livestock
producers in Indian River County. This forage is readily
available. It is economical and provides important
roughage needed by cattle. There are approximately
65,301 acres of rangeland in Indian River County, or
about 21 percent of the survey area. Most of this range
acreage is in the western one-half and northern one-third
of the county.
In areas that have similar climate and topography,
differences in the kind and amount of vegetation
produced on rangeland are closely related to the kind of
soil. Effective management is based on the relationship
between the soils and vegetation and water.
Table 7 shows, for each soil, the range site and the
total annual production of vegetation in favorable,
average, and unfavorable years. Only those soils that are
used as rangeland or are suited to use as rangeland are
listed. Potential production refers to the amount of
herbage that can be expected to grow on a well
managed range site. Yields are expressed in table 7 in
terms of pounds of air-dry herbage per acre for range in
excellent condition in favorable, average, and
unfavorable years. Favorable years are those in which
climatic factors, such as rainfall and temperature, are
favorable for plant growth. Moisture content in the plants
varies as the growing season progresses and is not a
measure of productivity. Herbage refers to total
vegetation produced and does not reflect forage value or
grazing potentials. Explanation of the column headings in
table 7 follows.
A range site is a distinctive kind of rangeland that
produces a characteristic natural plant community that
differs from natural plant communities on other range
sites in kind, amount, and proportion of range plants.
The relationship between soils and vegetation was
established during this survey; thus, range sites generally
can be determined directly from the soil map. Soil
properties that affect moisture supply and plant nutrients
have the greatest influence on the productivity of range
plants. Soil reaction, salt content, and a seasonal high
water table are also important.
Total production is the amount of vegetation that can
be expected to grow annually on well managed
rangeland that is supporting the potential natural plant
community. Total production includes all vegetation,
whether or not it is palatable to grazing animals. It
includes the current year's growth of leaves, twigs, and
fruits of woody plants, but it does not include the
increase in stem diameter of trees and shrubs. It is
expressed in pounds per acre of air-dry vegetation for
favorable, average, and unfavorable years. In a favorable
year, the amount and distribution of precipitation and the
temperatures make growing conditions substantially
better than average. In an average year, growing
conditions are about normal. In an unfavorable year,
growing conditions are well below average, generally
because of low available soil moisture.
Dry weight is the total annual yield per acre of air-dry
vegetation. Yields are adjusted to a common percent of
air-dry moisture content. The relationship of green weight
to air-dry weight varies according to such factors as
exposure, amount of shade, recent rains, and
unseasonable dry periods.
Range management requires a knowledge of the kinds
of soil and of the potential natural plant community. It
also requires an evaluation of the present range
condition. Range condition is determined by comparing
the present plant community with the potential natural
plant community on a particular range site. The more
closely the existing community resembles the potential
community, the better the range condition. Range
condition is an ecological rating only. It does not have a
specific meaning that pertains to the present plant
community in a given use.
The objective in range management is to control
grazing so that the plants growing on a site are about
the same in kind and amount as the potential natural
plant community for that site. Such management
generally results in the optimum production of
vegetation, reduction of undesirable brush species,
conservation of water, and control of erosion.
Sometimes, however, a range condition somewhat below
the potential meets grazing needs, provides wildlife
habitat, and protects soil and water resources.
Range Sites
A range site has the potential to support a native plant
community typified by an association of species different
from that of other range sites. The differentiation is
based upon significant differences in kind of species or
total productivity. Each site has significant differences in
the kinds and amounts of native plant vegetation it
produces, and each requires different management.
The vegetation that originally grew on a range site is
called the native plant vegetation. It generally is the most
productive and most suitable vegetation for livestock on
that particular site, and it maintains itself as long as the
environment does not change.
The native plant vegetation consists mainly of three
kinds of plants—decreasers, increasers, and invaders.
Decreasers generally are the most palatable native
plants, and they decrease in abundance if the range is
under continuous heavy grazing. Increasers are plants
less palatable to livestock; they increase for a while
under continued heavy grazing, but are finally eliminated.
Invaders are plants native to the site in small amounts,
but they have little value for forage. These invaders tend
Indian River County, Florida
to increase as the range site deteriorates from excessive
grazing over a period of years.
Range condition is a measure of the current
productivity of the range in relation to its potential. Four
condition classes are used to measure range condition.
These are—
• Excellent condition —Producing 76 to 100 percent
of the potential
• Good condition —Producing 51 to 75 percent of
the potential
• Fair condition —Producing 26 to 50 percent of the
potential
• Poor condition —Producing 0 to 25 percent of the
potential
Only about 15 percent of the natural vegetative
communities are in excellent condition for use as range
in Indian River County. The amount that is in fair and
poor condition is estimated at about 60 percent.
The productivity of the range sites is closely related to
the natural drainage of the soil and to the soils' fertility.
The wettest soils, such as those in marshes and
sloughs, produce the most vegetation. The deep,
droughty soils of the sand ridges normally produce the
least amount of herbage annually.
All sites tend to be slightly wetter in this county than
they are in more northern counties. The wetness has
some adverse effects on livestock health and mobility.
However, these conditions are offset by the increased
grass production, resulting from additional moisture.
Management of the range sites should be planned
with the potential productivity in mind. Sites with the
highest production potential should be given highest
priority if economic considerations are important. Major
management considerations revolve around livestock
grazing —the length of time that the sites are grazed, the
time of the year that they are grazed, and the length of
time and the season that the sites are rested. Other
management considerations are the grazing pattern of
livestock within a pasture that contains more than one
range site and the palatability of the dominant plants
within the site. Manipulation of a range site often
involves mechanical brush control, controlled burning,
and especially controlled livestock grazing. Predicting the
effects of these practices on range sites is important.
Proper management results in maximum sustained
production, conservation of the soil and water resources,
and improvement of the habitat for many wildlife species.
There are six range sites in Indian River County that
are important to the livestock industry. Also in the county
are several other sites or ecological plant communities,
but they have little livestock use. The most important in
terms of acreage are the South Florida Flatwoods and
the Slough range sites. A brief description of these six
range sites follows.
South Florida Flatwoods—This range site consists of
nearly level areas. Scattered to numerous pine trees are
common, and sawpalmetto, inkberry and other woody
plants also are scattered throughout. This range site
produces an abundant quantity of grasses. Creeping
bluestem is the dominant grass with significant amounts
of indiangrass, chalky bluestem, panicum, and pineland
threeawn. As these grasses deteriorate because of
uncontrolled livestock grazing and annual burning,
sawpalmetto and pineland threeawn increase
significantly. Because of their higher palatability,
bluestem, panicum, and indiangrass decrease. If the
range site is in excellent condition, annual production is
approximately 6,000 pounds of air-dry herbage per acre
in favorable growth years to 3,000 pounds per acre in
unfavorable growth years. The relative percentages of
total annual production in excellent condition are
approximately 75 percent grasses and grasslike plants,
10 percent (orbs, and 15 percent woody plants and
trees. Boca, EauGallie, Electra, Immokalee, Myakka,
Oldsmar, Pepper, and Wabasso soils are included in this
range site.
Slough —This range site consists of open grassland
where nearly level areas act as broad natural drainage
courses in the flatwoods. The potential plant community
is dominated by blue maidencane, chalky bluestem, and
toothache grass. These grasses are all readily grazed by
livestock. If overgrazing continues for prolonged periods,
carpetgrass, pineland threeawn, and sedges replace the
better grasses. Average annual production of air-dry
plant material from all sources varies from about 8,000
pounds per acre in areas that are in excellent condition
in favorable growing years to approximately 4,000
pounds per acre in unfavorable years. If range conditions
are excellent, the annual vegetation production is
approximately 85 percent grasses and grasslike plants,
15 percent (orbs, and a few woody plants and trees.
Chobee, Holopaw, Pineda, and Pompano soils are
included in this range site.
Freshwater Marshes and Ponds —This range site is
an open grassland marsh or pond. It has potential for
producing significant amounts of maidencane and
cutgrass. The water level fluctuates throughout the year.
During periods of high water, there is a natural
deferment from livestock grazing. This site is a preferred
grazing area, but prolonged overgrazing causes
deterioration of the vegetative community. Overgrazing
causes pickerelweed to increase, and, in some places,
causes sawgrass to increase. Prolonged overgrazing
causes buttonbush, willows, and waxmyrtle to increase.
If in excellent condition, the fresh marshes and ponds
sites are capable of producing in excess of 10,000
pounds of air-dry material per acre in favorable growing
years. Production in unfavorable growing years is
approximately 5,000 pounds per acre. If the site is in
excellent condition, the annual vegetative production is
approximately 80 percent grasses and grasslike plants,
15 percent (orbs, and 5 percent woody plants and trees.
Canova, Delray, Floridana, Floridana depressional,
Holopaw depressional, Manatee, Manatee depressional,
70
Soil Survey
Myakka depressional, Oldsmar depressional, Pineda
depressional, and Riviera depressional soils are included
in this range site.
Cabbage Palm Hammocks —This range site is on
nearly level, slightly higher "islands" in broad nearly level
areas. The areas are generally 1 to 5 acres, and they
are scattered throughout the landscape. The site has low
potential for producing forage plants because of a dense
canopy of cabbage palm trees. These are preferred
shading and resting areas for cattle and, as such, are
usually severely denuded. Creeping bluestem and
beaked panicum are the dominant grasses when the site
is in excellent condition. In a deteriorated state, however,
carpetgrass and several threeawn species dominate the
understory. Because of reduced sunlight, the
photosynthectic process is not able to produce adequate
plant sugars; therefore, desirable forage plants that grow
in shaded areas lose much of their palatability. This plant
community is preferred as a resting area and is rarely
used as a grazing area. If in excellent condition, the
Cabbage Palm Hammocks site is capable of producing
3,500 pounds of air-dry material in favorable growing
years. Production in unfavorable years is only about
1,500 pounds per acre. If the site is in excellent
condition, the annual production is approximately 55
percent grasses and grasslike plants, 20 percent forbs,
and 25 percent woody plants and trees. Winder and
Jupiter soils are included in this range site.
Sand Pine Scrub —This range site is on high dunelike
sand ridges. It has limited potential for producing native
forage plants. This site supports a fairly dense stand of
sand pine and a dense, woody understory. Livestock do
not use this site if other range sites are available.
Principal forage plants are bluestems, indiangrass, and
panicum. Numerous legumes and forbs grow in these
areas. Average annual production of air-dry plant
material from all sources varies from approximately
3,500 pounds per acre in areas that are in excellent
condition in favorable growing years to approximately
1,500 pounds per acre in unfavorable growing years. If
the range site is in excellent condition, the total annual
production is approximately 40 percent grasses and
grasslike plants, 20 percent forbs, and 40 percent woody
plants and trees. Archbold, Astatula, Jonathan, Orsino,
Paola, Pomello, Satellite, and St. Lucie soils are included
in this range site.
Cabbage Palm Flatwoods—This range site consists
of nearly level areas characterized by cabbage palm and
sawpalmetto trees scattered throughout the landscape.
This site is a preferred livestock grazing area. It
produces a high quality and quantity of forage plants if it
is in excellent condition. Creeping, chalky, and south
Florida bluestems are the dominant forage grasses along
with several desirable panicum species. Pineland
threeawn and sawpalmetto increase as the area
deteriorates. If the range is in excellent condition, the
average annual production of air-dry plant material from
all sources is approximately 9,000 pounds per acre in
favorable years and approximately 4,500 pounds per
acre in unfavorable years. The total annual production is
approximately 70 percent grasses and grasslike plants,
15 percent forbs, and 15 percent woody plants and
trees. Lokosee, Malabar, and Riviera soils are included
in this range site.
Other ecological plant communities in Indian River
County and their respective soils that are not placed in a
native range site are: South Florida Coastal Strand
(Beaches and Canaveral, Captiva, and Palm Beach
soils); Cypress Swamp (Samsula soils); Mangrove
Swamp (McKee, Riomar, and Kesson soils); Salt Marsh
(Perrine Variant soils); and Swamp Hardwoods (Chobee
depressional, Gator, Pompano depressional, and Terra
Ceia soils). These sites generally provide little forage for
livestock and most are not accessible for cattle grazing
(5, 15).
Woodland Management and Productivity
Paul Palmiotto, urban forester, Florida Division of Forestry, helped
prepare this section.
Forests in Indian River County (12) make up about
44,071 acres, or 13.85 percent of the total land area. Of
this acreage, 36,925 acres is commercial forest land,
and 7,146 acres is unproductive forest land. In the
commercial forest areas, there are five main forest types:
longleaf -slash, oak -pine, scrub oak -sand hickory, oak -
hickory, and oak -gum -cypress.
The longleaf -slash pine forest type makes up 15,429
acres. This forest type is commonly on the EauGallie-
Oldsmar-Wabasso, Myakka-Immokalee, and EauGallie-
Myakka-Riviera soil map units. In Indian River County,
the longleaf -slash type is in areas that are 2.5 to 3 miles
wide. These areas are west of the Atlantic Coastal R9dge
that extends the length of the county and in the western
part of Indian River County, west of Blue Cypress Lake.
This forest type is characterized by longleaf or slash
pines, single or in combination, that makes up a plurality
of the stocking. Common associates are laurel oak, live
oak, myrtle oak, cabbage palm, redbay, and waxmyrtle.
The oak -pine forest type makes up 8,991 acres. This
forest type is commonly on EauGallie-Oldsmar-Wabasso
and Riviera- Pi neda-Wabasso soil map units. In Indian
River County the oak -pine forest type is in a broad band
around U.S. Interstate Highway 95. In the southern part
of the county, the band varies from 3 to 4 miles wide at
U.S. Interstate Highway 95, and in the northern part, it
varies from 8 to 10 miles wide. The oak -pine forest type
is characterized mostly by hardwoods, generally upland
oak, but pines make up 25 to 50 percent of the stocking.
Common associates include gum, laurel oak, myrtle oak,
redbay, and widely scattered slash pine. This forest type
grows in conjunction with interspersed poorly defined
drainageways or sloughs, which support red maple,
Indian River County, Florida
71
coastal plain willow, loblolly-bay, sweetbay, and
scattered cypress domes.
The scrub oak -sand hickory forest type makes up
5,994 acres. This forest type is commonly on the
Astatula-Archbold-St. Lucie and Immokalee-Myakka-
Satellite soil map units. In Indian River County, the scrub
oak -sand hickory forest type is on the Atlantic Coastal
Ridge, which runs north and south and extends the
length of the county. This ridge is near the coast, and its
western boundary is just west of U.S. Highway 1. Sand
pine, turkey oak, sand live oak, and sand hickory are the
major species. In the Roseland area, a cedar called
callistris has been extensively planted and has now
become naturalized.
The oak -hickory forest type includes forests in which
upland oak or hickory, single or in combination, makes
up a plurality of the stocking. If pines make up 25 to 50
percent of the stocking, this forest type would be
classified as oak -pine. Common associates are sand
hickory, scrub oak, laurel oak, sand live oak, Chapman
oak, and myrtle oak.
The oak -gum -cypress forest type includes bottom land
forests in which tupelo, blackgum, sweetgum, oak, or
southern cypress, single or in combination, make up a
plurality of the stocking. If pines make up 25 to 50
percent of the stand, it would be classified oak -pine. This
forest type is commonly on the Floridana-Delray-
Holopaw soil map unit. Common associates include
baldcypress, red maple, tupelo, elm, willow, Ioblolly-bay,
sweetbay, pond apple, hackberry and water hickory.
There are 6,511 acres of this forest type in Indian River
County. This forest type is primarily around the creeks
leading to Blue Cypress Lake.
Seven major general soil map units in Indian River
County support the major forest types and other areas of
ecological importance.
The Myakka-Immokalee soil map unit is in the western
part of the county, west of Blue Cypress Lake. On these
soils are longleaf pine, south Florida slash pine, laurel
oak, live oak, cabbage palm, and water oak.
The EauGallie-Oldsmar-Wabasso and Riviera-Pineda-
Wabasso soil map units are in a broad band around U.S.
Interstate Highway 95 and also between the Atlantic
Coastal Ridge and Ten Mile Ridge. These bands vary
from 3 to 4 miles wide in the southern part of the county
and from 8 to 10 miles wide in the northern part. On
these soils are widely scattered south Florida slash pine
interspersed with poorly defined drainageways or
sloughs that support red maple, coastal plain willow,
Ioblolly-bay, sweetbay, and scattered cypress domes.
The Astatula-Archbold-St. Lucie and Immokalee-
Myakka-Satellite soil map units are primarily along the
Atlantic Coastal Ridge, which runs north and south and
extends the length of the county. This ridge is near the
coast, and its western boundary is just west of U.S.
Highway 1. Sand pine, turkey oak, sand live oak, and
sand hickory are the major trees. In Roseland, a cedar
called the callistris has been extensively planted and has
now become naturalized.
The Canaveral-Captiva-Palm Beach soil map unit is on
the barrier island. The dominant vegetation consists of
oak -bay -cabbage palm hammocks, including stoppers,
strangler fig, gumbo limbo, and other West Indies
species. However, the exotic Australian pine and Brazil
peppertree are invading species.
The McKee-Quartzipsamments-St. Augustine soil map
unit is along the Indian River and in various mosquito
impoundment areas. The mangrove swamp plant
association is on these soils. Red, white, black, and
buttonwood mangroves are the dominant vegetation on
these soils, but Australian pine and Brazil peppertree are
invading species. Mangrove swamps are of vital
importance to the estuarine food chain, and they provide
valuable habitat for wildlife.
Timber management in Indian River County consists of
natural regeneration on sites burned by wildfire or on
sites that have been control burned to increase forage
and to reduce excessive "rough," which is a dangerous
fire hazard.
There is no market for pulpwood in the county
because most woodlands are cleared for urban
expansion and the wood is burned or deposited in landfill
areas.
Presently, the more productive areas for forest
management is in the western part of the county. Timber
management is economical and should be encouraged.
Improved slash pines and south Florida slash pines, are
better suited to planting in this area. More detailed
information on woodland management can be obtained
from the local offices of the Soil Conservation Service,
the State of Florida Division of Forestry, and the
Cooperative Extension Service.
Table 8 can be used by woodland owners or forest
managers in planning the use of soils for wood crops.
Only those soils suitable for wood crops are listed. The
table lists the ordination symbol (woodland suitability) for
each soil. Soils assigned the same ordination symbol
require the same general management and have about
the same potential productivity.
The first part of the ordination symbol, a number,
indicates the potential productivity of the soils for
important trees. The number 2 indicates high
productivity; 3, moderately high; 4, moderate; and 5, low.
The second part of the symbol, a letter, indicates the
major kind of soil limitation. The letter w indicates
excessive water in or on the soil and s indicates sandy
texture. If a soil has more than one limitation, the priority
is as follows: w and s.
In table 8, slight, moderate, and severe indicate the
degree of the major soil limitations to be considered in
management.
Ratings of the erosion hazard indicate the risk of loss
of soil in a well -managed woodland. The risk is slight if
the expected soil loss is small.
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Soil Survey
Ratings of equipment limitation reflect the
characteristics and conditions of the soil that restrict use
of the equipment generally needed in woodland
management or harvesting, A rating of slight indicates
that use of equipment is not limited to a particular kind of
equipment or time of year; moderate indicates a short
seasonal limitation or a need for some modification in
management or in equipment; and severe indicates a
seasonal limitation, a need for special equipment or
management, or a hazard in the use of equipment,
Seedling mortality ratings indicate the degree to which
the soil affects the mortality of tree seedlings, Plant
competition is not considered in the ratings, The ratings
apply to seedlings from good stock that are properly
planted during a period of sufficient rainfall, A rating of
slight indicates that the expected mortality is less than
25 percent; moderate, 25 to 50 percent; and severe,
more than 50 percent,
Ratings of windthrow hazard are based on soil
characteristics that affect the development of tree roots
and the ability of the soil to hold trees firmly, A rating of
slight indicates that few trees may be blown down by
strong winds; moderate, that some trees will be blown
down during periods of excessive soil wetness and
strong winds; and severe, that many trees are blown
down during periods of excessive soil wetness and
moderate or strong winds.
Ratings of plant competition indicate the degree to
which undesirable plants are expected to invade where
there are openings in the tree canopy, The invading
plants compete with native plants or planted seedlings. A
rating of slight indicates little or no competition from
other plants; moderate indicates that plant competition is
expected to hinder the development of a fully stocked
stand of desirable trees; severe indicates that plant
competition is expected to prevent the establishment of
a desirable stand unless the site is intensively prepared,
weeded, or otherwise managed to control undesirable
plants,
The potential productivity of merchantable or common
trees on a soil is expressed as a site index. This index is
the average height, in feet, that dominant and
codominant trees of a given species attain in a specified
number of years, Site index was determined at age 25
years for south Florida slash pine and 50 years for all
other species, The site index applies to fully stocked,
even -aged, unmanaged stands, Commonly grown trees
are those that woodland managers generally favor in
intermediate or improvement cuttings. They are selected
on the basis of growth rate, quality, value, and
marketability.
Trees to plant are those that are suited to the soils
and to commercial wood production,
Additional information on planning windbreaks and
screens and on planting and caring for trees and shrubs
can be obtained from local offices of the Soil
Conservation Service or the Cooperative Extension
Service, or from a nursery.
Recreation
The mild climate and wide variety of recreational
facilities available throughout Indian River County
attracts many people of all interests and ages to the
area, With the rapid increase in population, including
permanent winter residents and retirees, the need for
more open space, outdoor recreation facilities, and
cultural attractions will continue to grow, In 1984,
approximately 1,400 acres was utilized for park and
recreational facilities and for areas for beach access or
walkways, As urbanization increases, the knowledge of
soil properties can assist in planning and in the selecting
of sites for additional recreation areas,
In table 9, the soils of the survey area are rated
according to the limitations that affect their suitability for
recreation, The ratings are based on restrictive soil
features, such as wetness, slope, and texture of the
surface layer, Susceptibility to flooding is considered, Not
considered in the ratings, but important in evaluating a
site, are the location and accessibility of the area, the
size and shape of the area and its scenic quality,
vegetation, access to water, potential water
impoundment sites, and access to public sewerlines, The
capacity of the soil to absorb septic tank effluent and the
ability of the soil to support vegetation are also
important. Soils subject to flooding are limited for
recreational uses by the duration and intensity of
flooding and the season when flooding occurs, In
planning recreation facilities, onsite assessment of the
height, duration, intensity, and frequency of flooding is
essential,
In table 9, the degree of soil limitation is expressed as
moderate or severe, Moderate means that limitations are
somewhat restrictive and can be overcome or alleviated
by planning, design, or special maintenance. Severe
means that one or more soil property is unfavorable and
that limitations can be offset by soil reclamation, special
design, intensive maintenance, limited use, or by a
combination of these measures,
The information in table 9 can be supplemented by
other information in this survey, for example,
interpretations for septic tank absorption fields in table
12 and interpretations for dwellings without basements
and for local roads and streets in table 11.
Camp areas require site preparation such as shaping
and leveling the tent and parking areas, stabilizing roads
and intensively used areas, and installing sanitary
facilities and utility lines, Camp areas are subject to
heavy foot traffic and some vehicular traffic, The best
soils have gentle slopes and are not wet or subject to
flooding during the period of use. The surface has few or
no stones or boulders, absorbs rainfall readily but
remains firm, and is not dusty when dry. Strong slopes
Indian River County, Florida
73
and stones or boulders can greatly increase the cost of
constructing campsites.
Picnic areas are subject to heavy foot traffic. Most
vehicular traffic is confined to access roads and parking
areas. The best soils for picnic areas are firm when wet,
are not dusty when dry, are not subject to flooding
during the period of use, and do not have slopes,
stones, or boulders that increase the cost of shaping
sites or of building access roads and parking areas.
Playgrounds require soils that can withstand intensive
foot traffic. The best soils are almost level and are not
wet or subject to flooding during the season of use. The
surface is free of stones and boulders, is firm after rains,
and is not dusty when dry. If grading is needed, the
depth of the soil over bedrock or a hardpan should be
considered.
Paths and trails for hiking and horseback riding should
require little or no cutting and filling. The best soils are
not wet, are firm after rains, are not dusty when dry, and
are not subject to flooding more than once a year during
the period of use. They have moderate slopes and few
or no stones or boulders on the surface.
Goff fairways are subject to heavy foot traffic and
some light vehicular traffic. Cutting or filling may be
required. The best soils for use as golf fairways are firm
when wet, are not dusty when dry, and are not subject to
prolonged flooding during the period of use. They have
moderate slopes and no stones or boulders on the
surface. The suitability of the soil for tees or greens is
not considered in rating the soils.
Wildlife Habitat
Wildlife has long been an important natural resource of
Indian River County. The importance of wildlife dates as
far back as 400 years ago when the original inhabitants
of this area, the Ais Indians, lived mainly by hunting and
fishing. Since that time, habitat for wildlife has diminished
greatly with about 63,000 acres being used for citrus
production and with other large areas being used for
improved pasture or for urban development. Wetlands,
which are excellent areas forwildlife habitat, are also
being rapidly degraded and lost with the spread of
introduced plant species, such as Brazilian peppertree
and melaleuca trees.
The most extensive areas of good habitat are in the
undeveloped rangeland in the western part of the county
and in the natural areas of the St. Johns Marsh. Habitat
for wetland wildlife is prevalent in both of these areas
and is used by various species of wading birds and by
reptiles and amphibians. The main game species in
these wetlands are white-tailed deer, wild turkey,
bobwhite quail, mourning doves, and feral hogs.
Numerous nongame wildlife species, which include
songbirds, woodpeckers, owls, raptorial birds, and
armadillos, are also present in these areas.
Other areas of minor extent, but that are just as
valuable, are the ocean beaches. These beaches are
used for nesting by the endangered green and
leatherback turtle and by the classified threatened
loggerhead turtle. These beach areas also serve as
feeding grounds for gulls, sandpipers, and .plovers. The
barrier island and estuarine habitat areas support such
wildlife as raccoons, various birds, and reptiles. The
mangrove islands in the Indian River serve as rookery
and roosting areas for all types of wading birds and for
the endangered brown pelican. These islands and their
aquatic proximity serve as nursery and feeding areas for
many marine fish and crustaceans.
Although land development and human population
growth has continually increased during the last few
decades, particularly, on the barrier island, there has
continually been significant appreciation and recognition
of the value of this natural resource by local, State and
Federal concerns, as witnessed by the establishment of
the First National Wildlife Refuge at Pelican Island in
1903 and by creating the Florida State Recreation Areas
at Sebastian Inlet (5). Other indications of concern for
preserving habitat and ensuring water quality are shown
by the proceedings to adopt a wetlands protection
ordinance by the city of Vero Beach. Indian River County
does not have a specific wetlands protection ordinance,
although protection of about 110,000 acres of wetlands
in the county is included in a stormwater management
and flood protection ordinance. In addition, the State of
Florida and Indian River County are acting to preserve
environmentally sensitive coastal areas by participating
in a "Save Our Coast" program. This program provides
funding to purchase beach property and other coastal
tracts.
Endangered or threatened species that habitat the
county include the bald eagle, the American alligator,
and the West Indian manatee. The bald eagle has only
one known active nesting site in this area. A detailed list
of endangered species and information on range and
habitat can be obtained from the local office of the Soil
Conservation Service.
Soils affect the kind and amount of vegetation that is
available to wildlife as food and cover. They also affect
the construction of water impoundments. The kind and
abundance of wildlife depend largely on the amount and
distribution of food, cover, and water. Wildlife habitat can
be created or improved by planting appropriate
vegetation, by maintaining the existing plant cover, or by
promoting the natural establishment of desirable plants.
In table 10, the soils in the survey area are rated
according to their potential for providing habitat for
various kinds of wildlife. This information can be used in
planning parks, wildlife refuges, nature study areas, and
other developments for wildlife; in selecting soils that are
suitable for establishing, improving, or maintaining
specific elements of wildlife habitat; and in determining
74
Soil Survey
the intensity of management needed for each element of
the habitat.
The potential of the soil is rated good, fair, poor, or
very poor. A rating of good indicates that the element or
kind of habitat is easily established, improved, or
maintained. Few or no limitations affect management,
and satisfactory results can be expected. A rating of fair
indicates that the element or kind of habitat can be
established, improved, or maintained in most places.
Moderately intensive management is required for
satisfactory results. A rating of poor indicates that
limitations are severe for the designated element or kind
of habitat. Habitat can be created, improved, or
maintained in most places, but management is difficult
and must be intensive. A rating of very poor indicates
that restrictions for the element or kind of habitat are
very severe and that unsatisfactory results can be
expected. Creating, improving, or maintaining habitat is
impractical or impossible.
The elements of wildlife habitat are described in the
following paragraphs.
Grain and seed crops are domestic grains and seed -
producing herbaceous plants. Soil properties and
features that affect the growth of grain and seed crops
are depth of the root zone, texture of the surface layer,
available water capacity, wetness, slope, surface
stoniness, and flood hazard. Soil temperature and soil
moisture are also considerations. Examples of grain and
seed crops are corn, cowpeas, sunflowers, and millet.
Grasses and legumes are domestic perennial grasses
and herbaceous legumes. Soil properties and features
that affect the growth of grasses and legumes are depth
of the root zone, texture of the surface layer, available
water capacity, wetness, surface stoniness, flood hazard,
and slope. Soil temperature and soil moisture are also
considerations. Examples of grasses and legumes are
pangolagrass, bahiagrass, and white clover.
Wild herbaceous plants are native or naturally
established grasses and forbs, including weeds. Soil
properties and features that affect the growth of these
plants are depth of the root zone, texture of the surface
layer, available water capacity, wetness, surface
stoniness, and flood hazard. Soil temperature and soil
moisture are also considerations. Examples of wild
herbaceous plants are bluestem, goldenrod, partridge
pea, and beggarweed.
Hardwood trees and woody understory produce nuts
or other fruit, buds, catkins, twigs, bark, and foliage. Soil
properties and features that affect the growth of
hardwood trees and shrubs are depth of the root zone,
the available water capacity, and wetness. Examples of
these plants are oak, red maple, cabbage palm,
elderberry, blackberry, huckleberry, grape, sawpalmetto,
and briars.
Coniferous plants furnish browse and seeds. Soil
properties and features that affect the growth of
coniferous trees, shrubs, and ground cover are depth of
the root zone, available water capacity, and wetness.
Examples of coniferous plants are pine, cedar, and
cypress.
Wetlandplants are annual and perennial, wild
herbaceous plants that grow on moist or wet sites.
Submerged or floating aquatic plants are excluded. Soil
properties and features affecting wetland plants are
texture of the surface layer, wetness, reaction, salinity,
slope, and surface stoniness. Examples of wetland
plants are smartweed, wild millet, maidencane, cattail,
cordgrass, rushes, sedges, and reeds.
Shallow water areas have an average depth of less
than 5 feet. Some are naturally wet areas. Others are
created by dams, levees, or other water -control
structures. Soil properties and features affecting shallow
water areas are depth to bedrock, wetness, surface
stoniness, slope, and permeability. Examples of shallow
water areas are marshes, waterfowl feeding areas, and
ponds.
The habitat for various kinds of wildlife is described in
the following paragraphs.
Habitat for open/and wildlife consists of cropland,
pasture, meadows, and areas that are overgrown with
grasses, herbs, shrubs, and vines. These areas produce
grain and seed crops, grasses and legumes, and wild
herbaceous plants. The wildlife attracted to these areas
include bobwhite quail, mourning doves, meadowlark,
field sparrow, cottontail rabbits, and red fox.
Habitat for woodland wildlife consists of areas of
deciduous plants or coniferous plants or both and
associated grasses, legumes, and wild herbaceous
plants. Wildlife attracted to these areas include wild
turkey, thrushes, woodpeckers, squirrels, gray fox,
raccoon, bobcats, and deer.
Habitat for wetland wildlife consists of open, marshy or
swampy shallow water areas. Some of the wildlife
attracted to such areas are ducks, egrets, herons,
gallinules, limpkin, shore birds, alligators, and otters.
Engineering
This section provides information for planning land
uses related to urban development and to water
management. Soils are rated for various uses, and the
most limiting features are identified. The ratings are
given in the following tables: Building site development,
Sanitary facilities, Construction materials, and Water
management. The ratings are based on observed
performance of the soils and on the estimated data and
test data in the "Soil Properties" section.
Information in this section is intended for land use
planning, for evaluating land use alternatives, and for
planning site investigations prior to design and
construction. The information, however, has limitations.
For example, estimates and other data generally apply
only to that part of the soil within a depth of 5 or 6 feet.
Because of the map scale, small areas of different soils
Indian River County, Florida
75
may be included within the mapped areas of a specific
soil.
The information is not site specific and does not
eliminate the need for onsite investigation of the soils or
for testing and analysis by personnel experienced in the
design and construction of engineering works.
Government ordinances and regulations that restrict
certain land uses or impose specific design criteria were
not considered in preparing the information in this
section. Local ordinances and regulations must be
considered in planning, in site selection, and in design.
Soil properties, site features, and observed
performance were considered in determining the ratings
in this section. During the fieldwork for this soil survey,
determinations were made about grain -size distribution,
liquid limit, plasticity index, soil reaction, depth to
bedrock, hardness of bedrock within 5 to 6 feet of the
surface, soil wetness, depth to a seasonal high water
table, slope, likelihood of flooding, natural soil structure
aggregation, and soil density. Data were collected about
kinds of clay minerals, mineralogy of the sand and silt
fractions, and the kind of adsorbed cations. Estimates
were made for erodibility, permeability, corrosivity, shrink -
swell potential, available water capacity, and other
behavioral characteristics affecting engineering uses.
This information can be used to: evaluate the potential
of areas for residential, commercial, industrial, and
recreational uses; make preliminary estimates of
construction conditions; evaluate alternative routes for
roads, streets, highways, pipelines, and underground
cables; evaluate alternative sites for sanitary landfills,
septic tank absorption fields, and sewage lagoons; plan
detailed onsite investigations of soils and geology; locate
potential sources of gravel, sand, earthfill, and topsoil;
plan drainage systems, irrigation systems, ponds,
terraces, and other structures for soil and water
conservation; and predict performance of proposed small
structures and pavements by comparing the performance
of existing similar structures on the same or similar soils.
The information in the tables, along with the soil maps,
the soil descriptions, and other data provided in this
survey can be used to make additional interpretations.
Some of the terms used in this soil survey have a
special meaning in soil science and are defined in the
Glossary.
Building Site Development
Table 11 shows the degree and kind of soil limitations
that affect shallow excavations, dwellings with and
without basements, small commercial buildings, local
roads and streets, and lawns and landscaping. The
limitations are considered slight if soil properties and site
features are generally favorable for the indicated use
and limitations are minor and easily overcome; moderate
if soil properties or site features are not favorable for the
indicated use and special planning, design, or
maintenance is needed to overcome or minimize the
limitations; and severe if soil properties or site features
are so unfavorable or difficult to overcome that special
design, significant increases in construction costs, and
possibly increased maintenance are required. Special
feasibility studies may be required where the soil
limitations are severe.
Shallow excavations are trenches or holes dug to a
maximum depth of 5 or 6 feet for basements, graves,
utility lines, open ditches, and other purposes. The
ratings are based on soil properties, site features, and
observed performance of the soils. The ease of digging,
filling, and compacting is affected by the depth to
bedrock, a cemented pan, or a very firm dense layer;
stone content; soil texture; and slope. The time of the
year that excavations can be made is affected by the
depth to a seasonal high water table and the
susceptibility of the soil to flooding. The resistance of the
excavation walls or banks to sloughing or caving is
affected by soil texture and the depth to the water table.
Dwellings and small commercial buildings are
structures built on shallow foundations on undisturbed
soil. The load limit is the same as that for single-family
dwellings no higher than three stories. Ratings are made
for small commercial buildings without basements, for
dwellings with basements, and for dwellings without
basements. The ratings are based on soil properties, site
features, and observed performance of the soils. A high
water table, flooding, shrink -swell potential, and organic
layers can cause the movement of footings. A high water
table, depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan, large
stones, and flooding affect the ease of excavation and
construction. Landscaping and grading that require cuts
and fills of more than 5 to 6 feet are not considered.
Local roads and streets have an all-weather surface
and carry automobile and light truck traffic all year. They
have a subgrade of cut or fill soil material, a base of
gravel, crushed rock, or stabilized soil material, and a
flexible or rigid surface. Cuts and fills are generally
limited to less than 6 feet. The ratings are based on soil
properties, site features, and observed performance of
the soils. Depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan, a high
water table, flooding, large stones, and slope affect the
ease of excavating and grading. Soil strength (as
inferred from the engineering classification of the soil),
shrink -swell potential, and depth to a high water table
affect the traffic -supporting capacity.
Lawns and landscaping require soils on which turf and
ornamental trees and shrubs can be established and
maintained. The ratings are based on soil properties, site
features, and observed performance of the soils. Soil
reaction, a high water table, depth to bedrock or to a
cemented pan, the available water capacity in the upper
40 inches, and the content of salts, sodium, and sulfidic
materials affect plant growth. Flooding, wetness, slope,
stoniness, and the amount of sand, clay, or organic
matter in the surface layer affect trafficability after
vegetation is established.
W
Soil Survey
Sanitary Facilities
Table 12 shows the degree and the kind of soil
limitations that affect septic tank absorption fields,
sewage lagoons, and sanitary landfills. The limitations
are considered slight if soil properties and site features
are generally favorable for the indicated use and
limitations are minor and easily overcome; moderate if
soil properties or site features are somewhat restrictive
for the indicated use and special planning, design, or
maintenance is needed to overcome or minimize the
limitations; and severe if one or more soil property or site
feature is unfavorable for the intended use and should
be corrected by special design, soil reclamation, or
planned maintenance before the site can be adapted to
the intended use.
Table 12 also shows the suitability of the soils for use
as daily cover for landfills. A rating of poor indicates that
one or more soil properties or site features are
unfavorable for the use and overcoming the unfavorable
properties requires special design, extra maintenance, or
costly alteration.
Septic tank absorption fields are areas in which
effluent from a septic tank is distributed into the soil
through subsurface tiles or perforated pipe. Only that
part of the soil between depths of 24 and 60 inches is
evaluated. The ratings are based on soil properties, site
features, and observed performance of the soils.
Permeability, a high water table, depth to bedrock or to a
cemented pan, and flooding affect absorption of the
effluent. Large stones and bedrock or a cemented pan
interfere with installation.
Unsatisfactory performance of septic tank absorption
fields, including excessively slow absorption of effluent,
surfacing of effluent, and hillside seepage, can affect
public health. Ground water can be polluted if highly
permeable sand and gravel or fractured bedrock is less
than 4 feet below the base of the absorption field, if
slope is excessive, or if the water table is near the
surface. There must be unsaturated soil material beneath
the absorption field to filter the effluent effectively. Many
local ordinances require that this material be of a certain
thickness.
Sewage lagoons are shallow ponds constructed to
hold sewage while aerobic bacteria decompose the solid
and liquid wastes. Lagoons should have a nearly level
floor surrounded by cut slopes or embankments of
compacted soil. Lagoons generally are designed to hold
the sewage within a depth of 2 to 5 feet. Nearly
impervious soil material for the lagoon floor and sides is
required to minimize seepage and contamination of
ground water.
Table 12 gives ratings for the natural soil that makes
up the lagoon floor. The surface layer and, generally, 1
or 2 feet of soil material below the surface layer are
excavated to provide material for the embankments. The
ratings are based on soil properties, site features, and
observed performance of the soils. Considered in the
ratings are slope, permeability, a high water table, depth
to bedrock or to a cemented pan, flooding, large stones,
and content of organic matter.
Excessive seepage due to rapid permeability of the
soil or a water table that is high enough to raise the level
of sewage in the lagoon causes a lagoon to function
unsatisfactorily. Pollution results if seepage is excessive
or if floodwater overtops the lagoon, A high content of
organic matter is detrimental to proper functioning of the
lagoon because it inhibits aerobic activity. Slope,
bedrock, and cemented pans can cause construction
problems, and large stones can hinder compaction of
the lagoon floor.
Sanitary landfills are areas where solid waste is
disposed of by burying it in soil. There are two types of
landfill —trench and area. In a trench landfill, the waste is
placed in a trench. It is spread, compacted, and covered
daily with a thin layer of soil excavated at the site. In an
area landfill, the waste is placed in successive layers on
the surface of the soil. The waste is spread, compacted,
and covered daily with a thin layer of soil from a source
away from the site.
Both types of landfill must be able to bear heavy
vehicular traffic. Both types involve a risk of ground
water pollution. Ease of excavation and revegetation
needs to be considered.
The ratings in table 12 are based on soil properties,
site features, and observed performance of the soils.
Permeability, depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan, a
high water table, slope, and flooding affect both types of
landfill. Texture, stones and boulders, highly organic
layers, soil reaction, and content of salts and sodium
affect trench type landfills. Unless otherwise stated, the
ratings apply only to that part of the soil within a depth
of about 6 feet. For deeper trenches, a limitation rated
slight or moderate may not be valid. Onsite investigation
is needed,
Daily cover for landfill is the soil material that is used
to cover compacted solid waste in an area type sanitary
landfill. The soil material is obtained offsite, transported
to the landfill, and spread over the waste.
Soil texture, wetness, coarse fragments, and slope
affect the ease of removing and spreading the material
during wet and dry periods. Loamy or silty soils that are
free of large stones or excess gravel are the best cover
for a landfill. Clayey soils are sticky or cloddy and are
difficult to spread; sandy soils are subject to soil blowing.
After soil material has been removed, the soil material
remaining in the borrow area must be thick enough over
bedrock, a cemented pan, or the water table to permit
revegetation. The soil material used as final cover for a
landfill should be suitable for plants. The surface layer
generally has the best workability, more organic matter,
and the best potential for plants. Material from the
surface layer should be stockpiled for use as the final
cover,
Indian River County, Florida
77
Construction Materials
Table 13 gives information about the soils as a source
of roadfill, sand, gravel, and topsoil. The soils are rated
good, fair, or poor as a source of roadfill and topsoil.
They are rated as a probable or improbable source of
sand and gravel. The ratings are based on soil
properties and site features that affect the removal of
the soil and its use as construction material. Normal
compaction, minor processing, and other standard
construction practices are assumed. Each soil is
evaluated to a depth of 5 or 6 feet.
Roadflll is soil material that is excavated in one place
and used in road embankments in another place. In this
table, the soils are rated as a source of roadfill for low
embankments, generally less than 6 feet high and less
exacting in design than higher embankments.
The ratings are for the soil material below the surface
layer to a depth of 5 or 6 feet. It is assumed that soil
layers will be mixed during excavating and spreading.
Many soils have layers of contrasting suitability within
their profile. The table showing engineering index
properties provides detailed information about each soil
layer. This information can help determine the suitability
of each layer for use as roadfill. The performance of soil
after it is stabilized with lime or cement is not considered
in the ratings.
The ratings are based on soil properties, site features,
and observed performance of the soils. The thickness of
suitable material is a major consideration. The ease of
excavation is affected by large stones, a high water
table, and slope. How well the soil performs in place
after it has been compacted and drained is determined
by its strength (as inferred from the engineering
classification of the soil) and shrink -swell potential.
Soils rated good contain significant amounts of sand
or gravel or both. They have at least 5 feet of suitable
material, low shrink -swell potential, few cobbles and
stones, and slopes of 15 percent or less. Depth to the
water table is more than 3 feet. Soils rated fair are more
than 35 percent silt- and clay -sized particles and have a
plasticity index of less than 10. They have moderate
shrink -swell potential, slopes of 15 to 25 percent, or
many stones. Depth to the water table is 1 to 3 feet.
Soils rated poor have a plasticity index of more than 10,
a high shrink -swell potential, many stones, or slopes of
more than 25 percent. They are wet, and the depth to
the water table is less than 1 foot. They may have layers
of suitable material, but the material is less than 3 feet
thick.
Sand and gravel are natural aggregates suitable for
commercial use with a minimum of processing. Sand and
gravel are used in many kinds of construction.
Specifications for each use vary widely. In table 13, only
the probability of finding material in suitable quantity is
evaluated. The suitability of the material for specific
purposes is not evaluated, nor are factors that affect
excavation of the material.
The properties used to evaluate the soil as a source of
sand or gravel are gradation of grain sizes (as indicated
by the engineering classification of the soil), the
thickness of suitable material, and the content of rock
fragments. Kinds of rock, acidity, and stratification are
given in the soil series descriptions. Gradation of grain
sizes is given in the table on engineering index
properties.
A soil rated as a probable source has a layer of clean
sand or gravel or a layer of sand or gravel that is up to
12 percent silty fines. This material must be at least 3
feet thick and less than 50 percent, by weight, large
stones. All other soils are rated as an improbable
source. Coarse fragments of soft bedrock, such as shale
and siltstone, are not considered to be sand and gravel.
Topsoil is used to cover an area so that vegetation
can be established and maintained. The upper 40 inches
of a soil is evaluated for use as topsoil. Also evaluated is
the reclamation potential of the borrow area.
Plant growth is affected by toxic material and by such
properties as soil reaction, available water capacity, and
fertility. The ease of excavating, loading, and spreading
is affected by rock fragments, slope, a water table, soil
texture, and thickness of suitable material. Reclamation
of the borrow area is affected by slope, a water table,
rock fragments, bedrock, and toxic material.
Soils rated good have friable, loamy material to a
depth of at least 40 inches. They are free of stones and
cobbles, have little or no gravel, and have slopes of less
than 8 percent. They are low in content of soluble salts,
are naturally fertile or respond well to fertilizer, and are
not so wet that excavation is difficult.
Soils rated fair are sandy soils, loamy soils that have a
relatively high content of clay, soils that have only 20 to
40 inches of suitable material, soils that have an
appreciable amount of gravel, stones, or soluble salts, or
soils that have slopes of 8 to 15 percent. The soils are
not so wet that excavation is difficult.
Soils rated poor are very sandy or clayey, have less
than 20 inches of suitable material, have a large amount
of gravel, stones, or soluble salts, have slopes of more
than 15 percent, or have a seasonal water table at or
near the surface.
The surface layer of most soils, is generally preferred
for topsoil because of its organic matter content. Organic
matter greatly increases the absorption and retention of
moisture and nutrients for plant growth.
Water Management
Table 14 gives information on the soil properties and
site features that affect water management. The degree
and kind of soil limitations are given for pond reservoir
areas; embankments, dikes, and levees; and aquifer -fed
excavated ponds. The limitations are considered slight if
soil properties and site features are generally favorable
for the indicated use and limitations are minor and are
78
easily overcome; moderate if soil properties or site
features are somewhat restrictive for the indicated use
and special planning, design, or maintenance is needed
to overcome or minimize the limitations; and severe if
one or more soil property or site feature is unfavorable
for the intended use and should be corrected by special
design, soil reclamation, or planned maintenance before
the site can be adapted to the intended use.
This table also gives the restrictive features that affect
each soil for drainage, irrigation, and grassed waterways.
Pond reservoir areas hold water behind a dam or
embankment. Soils best suited to this use have low
seepage potential in the upper 60 inches. The seepage
potential is determined by the permeability of the soil
and the depth to fractured bedrock or other permeable
material. Excessive slope can affect the storage capacity
of the reservoir area.
Embankments, dikes, and levees are raised structures
of soil material, generally less than 20 feet high,
constructed to impound water or to protect land against
overflow. In this table, the soils are rated as a source of
material for embankment fill. The ratings apply to the soil
material below the surface layer to a depth of about 5
feet. It is assumed that soil layers will be uniformly mixed
and compacted during construction.
The ratings do not indicate the ability of the natural
soil to support an embankment. Soil properties to a
depth greater than the height of the embankment can
affect performance and safety of the embankment.
Generally, deeper onsite investigation is needed to
determine these properties.
Soil material in embankments must be resistant to
seepage, piping, and erosion and have favorable
compaction characteristics. Unfavorable features include
less than 5 feet of suitable material and a high content
of stones or boulders, organic matter, or salts or sodium.
A high water table affects the amount of usable material:
It also affects trafficability.
Aquifer -fed excavated ponds are pits or dugouts that
extend to a ground -water aquifer or to a depth below a
permanent water table. Excluded are ponds that are fed
only by surface runoff and embankment ponds that
impound water 3 feet or more above the original surface.
Excavated ponds are affected by depth to a permanent
water table, permeability of the aquifer, and the salinity
of the soil. Depth to bedrock and the content of large
stones affect the ease of excavation.
Drainage is the removal of excess surface and
subsurface water from the soil. How easily and
effectively the soil is drained depends on the depth to
bedrock, to a cemented pan, or to other layers that
affect the rate of water movement; permeability; depth to
a high water table or depth of standing water if the soil is
subject to ponding; slope; susceptibility to flooding;
subsidence of organic layers; and potential frost action.
Excavating and grading and the stability of ditchbanks
are affected by depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan,
large stones, slope, and the hazard of cutbanks caving.
The productivity of the soil after drainage is adversely
affected by extreme acidity or by toxic substances in the
root zone, such as salts, sodium, or sulfur. Availability of
drainage outlets is not considered in the ratings.
Irrigation is the controlled application of water to
supplement rainfall and support plant growth. The design
and management of an irrigation system are affected by
depth to the water table, the need for drainage, flooding,
available water capacity, intake rate, permeability,
erosion hazard, and slope. The construction of a system
is affected by large stones and depth to bedrock or to a
cemented pan. The performance of a system is affected
by the depth of the root zone, the amount of salts or
sodium, and soil reaction.
Grassed waterways are natural or constructed
channels, generally broad and shallow, that conduct
surface water to outlets at a nonerosive velocity. Large
stones, wetness, slope, and depth to bedrock or to a
cemented pan affect the construction of grassed
waterways. A hazard of wind erosion, low available water
capacity, restricted rooting depth, toxic substances such
as salts or sodium, and restricted permeability adversely
affect the growth and maintenance of the grass after
construction.
79
Soil Properties
Data relating to soil properties are collected during the
course of the soil survey. The data and the estimates of
soil and water features, listed in tables, are explained on
the following pages.
Soil properties are determined by field examination of
the soils and by laboratory index testing of some
benchmark soils. Established standard procedures are
followed. During the survey, many shallow borings are
made and examined to identify and classify the soils and
to delineate them on the soil maps. Samples are taken
from some typical profiles and tested in the laboratory to
determine particle -size distribution, saturated hydraulic
conductivity, bulk density, and water content. These
results are reported in table 19.
Estimates of soil properties are based on field
examinations, on laboratory tests of samples from the
survey area, and on laboratory tests of samples of
similar soils in nearby areas. Tests verify field
observations, verify properties that cannot be estimated
accurately by field observation, and help characterize
key soils.
The estimates of soil properties shown in the tables
include the range of grain -size distribution and Atterberg
limits, the engineering classifications, and the physical
and chemical properties of the major layers of each soil.
Pertinent soil and water features also are given.
Engineering Index Properties
Table 15 gives estimates of the engineering
classification and of the range of index properties for the
major layers of each soil in the survey area. Most soils
have layers of contrasting properties within the upper 5
or 6 feet.
Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each layer
is indicated. The range in depth and information on other
properties of each layer are given for each soil series
under "Soil Series and Their Morphology."
Texture is given in the standard terms used by the
U.S. Department of Agriculture. These terms are defined
according to percentages of sand, silt, and clay in the
fraction of the soil that is less than 2 millimeters in
diameter. "Loam," for example, is soil that is 7 to 27
percent clay, 28 to 50 percent silt, and less than 52
percent sand. If the content of particles coarser than
sand is as much as 15 percent, an appropriate modifier
is added, for example, "gravelly." Textural terms are
defined in the Glossary.
Classification of the soils is determined according to
the Unified soil classification system (2) and the system
adopted by the American Association of State Highway
and Transportation Officials (1).
The Unified system classifies soils according to
properties that affect their use as construction material.
Soils are classified according to grain -size distribution of
the fraction less than 3 inches in diameter and according
to plasticity index, liquid limit, and organic matter
content. Sandy and gravelly soils are identified as GW,
GP, GM, GC, SW, SP, SM, and SC; silty and clayey soils
as ML, CL, OL, MH, CH, and OH; and highly organic
soils as PT. Soils exhibiting engineering properties of two
groups can have a dual classification, for example, SP-
SM.
The AASHTO system classifies soils according to
those properties that affect roadway construction and
maintenance. In this system, the fraction of a mineral soil
that is less than 3 inches in diameter is classified in one
of seven groups from A-1 through A-7 on the basis of
grain -size distribution, liquid limit, and plasticity index.
Soils in group A-1 are coarse grained and low in content
of fines (silt and clay). At the other extreme, soils in
group A-7 are fine grained. Highly organic soils are
classified in group A-8 on the basis of visual inspection.
If laboratory data are available, the A-1, A-2, and A-7
groups are further classified as A-1-a, A-1-b, A-2-4, A-2-
5, A-2-6, A-2-7, A-7-5, or A-7-6. As an additional
refinement, the suitability of a soil as subgrade material
can be indicated by a group index number. Group index
numbers range from 0 for the best subgrade material to
20, or higher, for the poorest. The AASHTO classification
for soils tested, with group index numbers in
parentheses, is given in table 22.
Nock fragments larger than 3 inches in diameter are
indicated as a percentage of the total soil on a dry -
weight basis. The percentages are estimates determined
mainly by converting volume percentage in the field to
weight percentage.
Percentage (of soil particles) passing designated
sieves is the percentage of the soil fraction less than 3
inches in diameter based on an ovendry weight. The
sieves, numbers 4, 10, 40, and 200 (USA Standard
Series), have openings of 4.76, 2.00, 0.420, and 0.074
millimeters, respectively. Estimates are based on
laboratory tests of soils sampled in the survey area and
in nearby areas and on estimates made in the field.
m
Soil Survey
Liquid limit and plasticity index (Atterberg limits)
indicate the plasticity characteristics of a soil. The
estimates are based on test data from the survey area,
or from nearby areas, and on field examination.
The estimates of grain -size distribution, liquid limit, and
plasticity index are rounded to the nearest 5 percent.
Thus, if the ranges of gradation and Atterberg limits
extend a marginal amount (1 or 2 percentage points)
across classification boundaries, the classification in the
marginal zone is omitted in the table.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Table 16 shows estimates of some characteristics and
features that affect soil behavior. These estimates are
given for the major layers of each soil in the survey area.
The estimates are based on field observations and on
test data for these and similar soils. The results of
physical, chemical, and mineralogical analyses of
representative pedons in Indian River County are given
in tables 19, 20, and 21.
Clay as a soil separate, or component, consists of
mineral soil particles that are less than 0.002 millimeter
in diameter. In this table, the estimated clay content of
each major soil layer is given as a percentage, by
weight, of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters
in diameter.
The amount and kind of clay greatly affect the fertility
and physical condition of the soil. They determine the
ability of the soil to adsorb cations and to retain
moisture. They influence shrink -swell potential,
permeability, plasticity, the ease of soil dispersion, and
other soil properties. The amount and kind of clay in a
soil also affect tillage and earthmoving operations.
Moist bulk density is the weight of soil (ovendry) per
unit volume. Volume is measured when the soil is at field
moisture capacity, that is, the moisture content at 1 /3
bar moisture tension. Weight is determined after drying
the soil at 105 degrees C. In this table, the estimated
moist bulk density of each major soil horizon is
expressed in grams per cubic centimeter of soil material
that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter. Bulk density
data are used to compute shrink -swell potential,
available water capacity, total pore space, and other soil
properties. The moist bulk density of a soil indicates the
pore space available for water and roots. A bulk density
of more than 1.6 can restrict water storage and root
penetration. Moist bulk density is influenced by texture,
kind of clay, content of organic matter, and soil structure.
Permeability refers to the ability of a soil to transmit
water or air. The estimates indicate the rate of downward
movement of water when the soil is saturated. They are
based on soil characteristics observed in the field,
particularly structure, porosity, and texture. Permeability
is considered in the design of soil drainage systems,
septic tank absorption fields, and construction where the
rate of water movement under saturated conditions
affects behavior.
Available water capacity refers to the quantity of water
that the soil is capable of storing for use by plants. The
capacity for water storage in each major soil layer is
stated in inches of water per inch of soil. The capacity
varies, depending on soil properties that affect the
retention of water and the depth of the root zone. The
most important properties are the content of organic
matter, soil texture, bulk density, and soil structure.
Available water capacity is an important factor in the
choice of plants or crops to be grown and in the design
and management of irrigation systems. Available water
capacity is not an estimate of the quantity of water
actually available to plants at any given time.
Soil reaction is a measure of acidity or alkalinity and is
expressed as a range in pH values. The range in pH of
each major horizon is based on many field tests. For
many soils, values have been verified by laboratory
analyses. Soil reaction is important in selecting crops
and other plants, in evaluating soil amendments for
fertility and stabilization, and in determining the risk of
corrosion.
Salinity is a measure of soluble salts in the soil at
saturation. It is expressed as the electrical conductivity
of the saturation extract, in millimhos per centimeter at
25 degrees C. Estimates are based on field and
laboratory measurements at representative sites of
nonirrigated soils. The salinity of irrigated soils is
affected by the quality of the irrigation water and by the
frequency of water application. Hence, the salinity of
soils in individual fields can differ greatly from the value
given in the table. Salinity affects the suitability of a soil
for crop production, the stability of soil if used as
construction material, and the potential of the soil to
corrode metal and concrete.
Shrink -swell potential is the potential for volume
change in a soil with a- loss or gain in moisture. Volume
change occurs mainly because of the interaction of clay
minerals with water and varies with the amount and type
of clay minerals in the soil. The size of the load on the
soil and the magnitude of the change in soil moisture
content influence the amount of swelling of soils in
place. Laboratory measurements of swelling of
undisturbed clods were made for many soils. For others,
swelling was estimated on the basis of the kind and
amount of clay minerals in the soil and on
measurements of similar soils.
If the shrink -swell potential is rated moderate to very
high, shrinking and swelling can cause damage to
buildings, roads, and other structures. Special design is
often needed.
Shrink -swell potential classes are based on the
change in length of an unconfined clod as moisture
content is increased from air-dry to field capacity. The
change is based on the soil fraction less than 2
millimeters in diameter. The classes are low, a change of
Indian River County, Florida
81
less than 3 percent; moderate, 3 to 6 percent; and high,
more than 6 percent. Very high, greater than 9 percent,
is sometimes used.
Erosion factor K indicates the susceptibility of a soil to
sheet and rill erosion by water. Factor K is one of six
factors used in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)
to predict the average annual rate of soil loss by sheet
and rill erosion, Losses are expressed in tons per acre
per year. These estimates are based primarily on
percentage of silt, sand, and organic matter (up to 4
percent) and on soil structure and permeability. Values of
K range from 0.02 to 0.69. The higher the value, the
more susceptible the soil is to sheet and rill erosion by
water.
Erosion factor T is an estimate of the maximum
average annual rate of soil erosion by wind or water that
can occur over a sustained period without affecting crop
productivity. The rate is expressed in tons per acre per
year.
Wind erodibility groups are made up of soils that have
similar properties affecting their resistance to wind
erosion in cultivated areas. The groups indicate the
susceptibility of soil to wind erosion and the amount of
soil lost. Soils are grouped according to the following
distinctions:
1. Sands, coarse sands, fine sands, and very fine
sands. These soils are generally not suitable for crops.
They are extremely erodible, and vegetation is difficult to
establish,
2. Loamy sands, loamy fine sands, and loamy very
fine sands. These soils are very highly erodible. Crops
can be grown if intensive measures to control wind
erosion are used.
3. Sandy loams, coarse sandy loams, fine sandy
loams, and very fine sandy loams. These soils are highly
erodible, Crops can be grown if intensive measures to
control wind erosion are used.
4L, Calcareous loamy soils that are less than 35
percent clay and more than 5 percent finely divided
calcium carbonate. These soils are erodible. Crops can
be grown if intensive measures to control wind erosion
are used.
4. Clays, silty clays, clay foams, and silty clay loams
that are more than 35 percent clay. These soils are
moderately erodible. Crops can be grown if measures to
control wind erosion are used.
5. Loamy soils that are less than 20 percent clay and
less than 5 percent finely divided calcium carbonate and
sandy clay loams and sandy clays that are less than 5
percent finely divided calcium carbonate. These soils are
slightly erodible. Crops can be grown if measures to
control wind erosion are used.
6. Loamy soils that are 20 to 35 percent clay and
less than 5 percent finely divided calcium carbonate,
except silty clay loams. These soils are very slightly
erodible. Crops can easily be grown.
7. Silty clay loams that are less than 35 percent clay
and less than 5 percent finely divided calcium carbonate.
These soils are very slightly erodible. Crops can easily
be grown.
B. Stony or gravelly soils and other soils not subject
to wind erosion.
Organic matter is the plant and animal residue in the
soil at various stages of decomposition.
In table 16, the estimated content of organic matter is
expressed as a percentage, by weight, of the soil
material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter.
The content of organic matter of a soil can be
maintained or increased by returning crop residue to the
soil. Organic matter affects the available water capacity,
infiltration rate, and tilth. It is a source of nitrogen and
other nutrients for crops.
Soil and Water Features
Table 17 gives estimates of various water features and
table 18 gives estimates of various soil features. The
estimates are used in land use planning that involves
engineering considerations.
Hydrologic soil groups are used to estimate runoff
from precipitation. Soils are assigned to one of four
groups. They are grouped according to the intake of
water when the soils are thoroughly wet and receive
precipitation from long -duration storms.
The four hydrologic soil groups are:
Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low runoff
potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist mainly of
deep, well drained to excessively drained sands or
gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate of water
transmission,
Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate when
thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of moderately deep
or deep, moderately well drained or well drained soils
that have moderately fine texture to moderately coarse
texture. These soils have a moderate rate of water
transmission.
Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when
thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils having a
layer that impedes the downward movement of water or
soils of moderately fine texture or fine texture. These
soils have a slow rate of water transmission.
Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate (high
runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist
chiefly of clays that have high shrink -swell potential, soils
that have a permanent high water table, soils that have a
claypan or clay layer at or near the surface, and soils
that are shallow over nearly impervious material. These
soils have a very slow rate of water transmission.
Dual hydrologic groups, B/D and C/D, are used for
certain wet soils that can be artificially drained and
where normal drainage practices do not drain the soils
well enough to attain Group A level.
82
Soil Survey
Flooding, the temporary covering of the soil surface by
flowing water, is caused by overflowing streams, by
runoff from adjacent slopes, or by inflow from high tides.
Shallow water standing or flowing for short periods after
rainfall or snowmelt is not considered flooding. Standing
water in swamps and marshes or in a closed
depreciation is considered ponding.
Table 17 gives the frequency and duration of flooding
and the time of year when flooding is most likely to
occur.
Frequency, duration, and probable dates of occurrence
are estimated. Frequency generally is expressed as
none, rare, or frequent. None means that flooding is not
probable. Rare means that flooding is unlikely but
possible under unusual weather conditions (there is a
near 0 to 5 percent chance of flooding in any year).
Frequent means that flooding occurs often under normal
weather conditions (there is more than a 50 percent
chance of flooding in any year). Duration is expressed as
very long if more than 7 days. The time of year that
floods are most likely to occur is expressed in months.
November -May, for example, means that flooding can
occur during the period November through May. About
two-thirds to three -fourths of all flooding occurs during
the stated period.
The information on flooding is based on evidence in
the soil profile, namely, thin strata of gravel, sand, silt, or
clay deposited by floodwater; irregular decrease in
organic matter content with increasing depth; and
absence of distinctive horizons, which are characteristic
of soils that are not subject to flooding.
Also considered are local information about the extent
and levels of flooding and the relation of each soil on
the landscape to historic floods. Information on the
extent of flooding based on soil data is less specific than
that provided by detailed engineering surveys that
delineate flood -prone areas at specific flood frequency
levels.
High water table (seasonal) is the highest level of a
saturated zone in the soil in most years. The depth to a
seasonal high water table applies to undrained soils. The
estimates are based mainly on the evidence of a
saturated zone, namely grayish colors or mottles in the
soil and the depth to free water observed in many
borings made during the course of the soil survey. The
water table in 32 pedons, representing 20 soil series,
was measured twice a month during the course of the
soil survey. The pedons were selected as typical of the
series as mapped in the county, and they were as far
removed as possible from any source of artificial
drainage. The measurements of the water tables for
three of the major series are shown in (fig. 14).
Additional water table data can be obtained from the
local office of the Soil Conservation Service.
Precipitation for 1982 and 1983 was above normal.
Indicated in table 17 are the depth to the seasonal high
water table; the kind of water table, that is, perched or
apparent- and the months of the year that the water
table commonly is highest. A water table that is
seasonally high for less than 1 month is not indicated in
table 17.
An apparent water table is a thick zone of free water
in the soil. It is indicated by the level at which water
stands in an uncased borehole after adequate time is
allowed for adjustment in the surrounding soil. A perched
water table is water standing above an unsaturated
zone. In places an upper, or perched, water table is
separated from a lower one by a dry zone.
The two numbers in the "High water table -Depth"
column indicate the normal range in depth to a saturated
zone. Depth is given to the nearest half foot. The first
numeral in the range indicates the highest water level. A
plus sign preceding the range in depth indicates that the
water table is above the surface of the soil. "More than
6.0" indicates that the water table is below a depth of 6
feet or that the water table exists for less than a month.
Table 18 gives the depth and hardness of bedrock
and cemented pan, shows expected initial and total
subsidence, and gives the risk of corrosion for uncoated
steel and concrete.
Depth to bedrock is given in the table if bedrock is
within a depth of 5 feet. The depth is based on many soil
borings and on observations during soil mapping. The
rock is specified as either soft or hard. If the rock is soft
or fractured, excavations can be made with trenching
machines, backhoes, or small rippers. If the rock is hard
or massive, blasting or special equipment generally is
needed for excavation.
Cemented pans are cemented or indurated subsurface
layers within a depth of 5 feet. Such pans cause difficulty
in excavation. A pan that is classified as thin is less than
3 inches thick if continuously indurated, or less than 18
inches thick if discontinuous or fractured. Excavations
can be made by trenching machines, backhoes, or small
rippers.
Subsidence is the settlement of organic soils or of
saturated mineral soils of very low density. Subsidence
results from either desiccation and shrinkage or oxidation
of organic material, or both, following drainage.
Subsidence takes place gradually, usually over a period
of several years. Table 18 shows the expected initial
subsidence, which usually is a result of drainage, and
annual subsidence, which usually is a result of oxidation.
Not shown in table 18 is subsidence caused by an
imposed surface load or by the withdrawal of ground
water throughout an extensive area as a result of
lowering the water table.
Risk of corrosion pertains to potential soil -induced
electrochemical or chemical action that dissolves or
weakens uncoated steel or concrete. The rate of
corrosion of uncoated steel is related to such factors as
soil moisture, particle -size distribution, acidity, and
electrical conductivity of the soil. The rate of corrosion of
concrete is based mainly on the sulfate and sodium
Indian River County, Florida
83
DEPTH
(IN)
J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M
U U E C O E A E A P A U U U E C O E A E A P A
L G P T V C N B R R Y N L G P T V C N B R R v
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Pepper Series
5- -
10- -
1s- -
20- -
25- -
30- (Apparent Water Table{
35- -
40- -
1982 , 1983 , , 19,84
A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A
P A U U U E C O E A E A P A U U U E C O E A E A P
R Y N L G P T V C N 8 R R Y N L G P T V C N B R P
EauGallie Series
5- -
10- -
1s- -
20- -
25-� -
30-
35-
i
40- J
1982, , i 19�3 1984
A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A
P A U U U E C O E A E A P A U U U E C O E A E A P
R V N 4 G P T V C N B R R V N L G P T V C N 8 R R
Pineda Series
5- -
10-
15-
20-
25- -
30-
35-
, , , 1982, , , , . 1983 , ,
Figure U.—Variation In depth of water table In the Pepper, EauGallle, and Plneda series.
content, texture, moisture content, and acidity of the soil. the combination of factors creates a severely corrosive
Special site examination and design may be needed if environment. The steel in installations that intersect soil
84
Soil Survey
boundaries or soil layers is more susceptible to corrosion
than steel in installations that are entirely within one kind
of soil or within one soil layer.
For uncoated steel, the risk of corrosion, expressed as
low, moderate, or high, is based on soil drainage class,
total acidity, electrical resistivity near field capacity, and
electrical conductivity of the saturation extract.
For concrete, the risk of corrosion is also expressed
as low, moderate, or high. It is based on soil texture,
acidity, and the amount of sulfates in the saturation
extract.
Physical, Chemical, and Mineralogical
Analyses of Selected Soils
Dr. Victor W. Carlisle and Dr. Mary E. Collins, professor and assistant
professor, respectively, University of Florida, Soil Science Department,
prepared this section.
Parameters for physical, chemical, and mineralogical
properties of representative pedons sampled in Indian
River County are presented in tables 19, 20, and 21. The
analyses were conducted and coordinated by the Soil
Characterization Laboratory at the University of Florida.
Detailed profile descriptions of soils analyzed are given
in the section "Soil Series and Their Morphology."
Laboratory data and profile information for additional
soils in Indian River County, as well as for other counties
in Florida, are on file at the Soil Science Department,
University of Florida.
Typifying pedons were sampled from pits at carefully
selected locations. Samples were air-dried, crushed, and
sieved through a 2-millimeter screen. Most analytical
methods used are outlined in Soil Survey Investigations
Report No. 1 (16).
Particle -size distribution was determined using a
modified pipette method with sodium
hexametaphosphate dispersion. Hydraulic conductivity
and bulk density were determined on undisturbed soil
cores. Water retention parameters were obtained from
duplicate undisturbed soil cores placed in tempe
pressure cells. Weight percentages of water retained at
100 centimeters water (1/10 bar) and 345 centimeters
water (1 /3 bar) were calculated from volumetric water
percentages divided by bulk density. Samples were
ovendried, ground to pass a 2-millimeter sieve, and the
15-bar water retention was determined. Organic carbon
was determined by a modification of the Walkley-Black
wet combustion method.
Extractable bases were obtained by leaching soils with
normal ammonium acetate buffered at pH 7.0, Sodium
and potassium in the extract were determined by flame
emission. Calcium and magnesium were determined by
atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Extractable acidity
was determined by the barium chloride-triethanolamine
method at pH 8.2. Cation exchange capacity was
calculated by summation of extractable bases and
extractable acidity. Base saturation is the ratio of
extractable bases to cation exchange capacity
expressed in percent. The pH measurements were made
with a glass electrode using a soil -water ratio of 1:1; a
0,01 molar calcium chloride solution in a 1:2 soil -solution
ratio; and normal potassium chloride solution in a 1:1
soil -solution ratio.
Electrical conductivity determinations were made with
a conductivity bridge on 1:1 soil to water mixtures. Iron
and aluminum extractable in sodium dithionite-citrate
were determined by atmoic absorption
spectrophotometry. Aluminum, carbon, and iron were
extracted from probable spodic horizons with 0.1 molar
sodium pyrophosphate. Determination of aluminum and
iron was by atomic absorption and extracted carbon by
the Walkley-Black wet combustion method.
Mineralogy of the clay fraction less than 2 microns
was ascertained by X-ray diffraction. Peak heights at 18
angstrom, 14 angstrom, 7.2 angstrom, and 4,31
angstrom positions represent montmorillonite,
interstratified expandable vermiculite, 14-angstrom
intergrades, kaolinite, and quartz, respectively. Peaks
were measured, summed, and normalized to give the
percent of soil minerals identified in the X-ray
diffractograms. These percentage values do not indicate
absolute determined quantities of soil minerals but do
imply a relative distribution of minerals in a particular
mineral suite. Absolute percentages would require
additional knowledge of particle size, crystallinity, unit
structure substitution, and matrix problems.
Sands are the dominant particle -size fractions in nearly
all horizons of all pedons (table 19). More than 90
percent sand occurred throughout the entire pedon
depths of the Archbold, Astatula, Canaveral, Jonathan,
Orsino, Palm Beach, Paola and St. Lucie soils. Boca,
Canova, Electra, Floridana, Pepper, and Immokalee soils
contained more than 90 percent sand to a depth of more
than 20 inches.
Archbold, Astatula, Canaveral, Jonathan, Jupiter,
Orsino, Palm Beach, Paola and St. Lucie soils contained
less than 5 percent clay throughout their profiles. Clay
content increased considerably within a depth of 40
inches in the Boca, Canova, and Floridana soils, and it
also increased considerably below a depth of 40 inches
in the Electra and Pepper soils. Since there is a general
tendency for clays to move downward with percolating
water, the amount of translocated clay often reveals the
state and degree of soil development.
Silt content usually ranged between 0 and 10 percent;
however, silt content in excess of 20 percent occurred in
some horizons of the Floridana and Perrine Variant soils.
Conversely, pedons with less than 2 percent silt in all
horizons occurred in the Archbold, Palm Beach, Paola,
and St. Lucie soils. In the Astatula, Canaveral, Jonathan,
Orsino, and Pepper soils only one or two horizons had
more than 2 percent silt.
Fine sands dominated the sand fractions in the Boca,
Canaveral, Electra, Jupiter, and Orsino soils. All horizons
Indian River County, Florida
85
of Boca, Canaveral, Electra, Jupiter, and Orsino soils
contained more than 50 percent very fine and fine
sands, and some horizons in the Immokalee soil
contained like amounts. Medium sand generally ranged
between 20 and 50 percent; however, all horizons of the
Archbold, Astatula, Jonathan, Palm Beach, Paola,
Pepper, and St. Lucie soils contained more than 50
percent medium sand, and all horizons of the Boca and
Orsino soils contained less than 10 percent. Very fine
sands commonly ranged between 0 and 10 percent.
Coarse sands generally occurred in amounts of less than
15 percent and very coarse sands seldom exceeded 0.5
percent.
Hydraulic conductivity values of 5 centimeters per hour
or less were recorded in some horizons of Boca,
Canova, Electra, Manatee, and Pepper soils, and high
values of 100 centimeters per hour or more were
recorded for some horizons of the Astatula, Jonathan,
Palm Beach, Paola, Pepper, and St. Lucie soils. Design
and function of septic tank absorption fields are affected
by such low and high hydraulic conductivity values.
Some clay enhanced subsoil horizons occurring in the
Boca, Canova, Electra, and Manatee soils had hydraulic
conductivity values of less than 1 centimeter per hour.
Plant available water capacity can be estimated from
bulk density and water content data. Generally, soils that
are excessively drained or have sandy textures, such as
the Archbold, Astatula, Palm Beach, Paola and St. Lucie
soils, contain low amounts of organic matter and retain
less plant available water. Also the upper part of the
Immokalee, Electra, and Jonathan soils contain low
amounts of organic matter. Droughtiness is a common
characteristic of these sandy soils, particularly those
soils that are moderately well drained, well drained, and
excessively drained. A relatively large amount of plant
available water is retained in Canova, Manatee, and
Perrine Variant soils.
Chemical soil properties (table 20) show that less than
20 milliequivalent per hundred grams of extractable
bases are present in most Indian River County soils. All
horizons of the Archbold, Astatula, Jonathan, Orsino,
and St. Lucie soils contained less than 1 milliequivalent
per hundred grams extractable bases. Electra,
Immokalee, Paola, and Pepper soils contained only three
or less horizons that have extractable bases in excess of
1 milliequivalent per hundred grams and values of less
than 15 milliequivalents per hundred grams commonly
occurred in most other soils. Canaveral, Canova,
Floridana, Gator, Manatee, Palm Beach, and Perrine
Variant soils contained horizons that exceeded 15
milliequivalents per hundred grams extractable bases.
The mild, humid climate in Indian River County results in
depletion of basic soil cations (calcium, magnesium,
sodium, and potassium) through leaching.
Calcium was by far the dominant base in all soils with
amounts ranging from 0.01 to 77.25 milliequivalents per
hundred grams. Magnesium occurred in amounts
exceeding 1 milliequivalent per hundred grams in some
horizons of the Boca, Canova, Electra, Floridana, Gator,
Jupiter, Manatee, Palm Beach, Pepper, and Perrine
Variant soils. Much lower but detectable amounts of
magnesium occurred in all horizons except one horizon
in the Jonathan soil. Sodium generally occurred in
amounts of less than 1 milliequivalent per hundred
grams. Most Indian River County soils contained very
low amounts of potassium with only two horizons of
Canova and Perrine Variant soils exceeding 1
milliequivalent per hundred grams. Potassium was
nondetectable in one or more horizons of the Archbold,
Astatula, Electra, Jonathan, Orsino, Pepper, and St.
Lucie soils.
Values for exchange capacity, an indication of plant
nutrient capacity, exceeded 20 milliequivalents per
hundred grams in the surface horizon of Canova, Gator,
Manatee, Palm Beach, and Perrine Variant soils. Cation
exchange capacity exceeded 20 milliequivalents per
hundred grams in at least one horizon below the surface
in the Canova, Electra, Floridana, Gator, Immokalee,
Manatee, Pepper, and Perrine Variant soils. Exceptional
high exchange capacity of more than 100
milliequivalents per hundred grams was determined in
three horizons. Soils that have low cation exchange
capacities in the surface horizon, such as the Jonathan
series, require only small amounts of lime to significantly
alter both the base status and soil reaction in the upper
horizons. Generally, soils of low inherent soil fertility are
associated with low values for extractable bases and low
cation exchange capacities, and fertile soils are
associated with high values for extractable bases, high
base saturation values, and high cation exchange
capacities.
Organic carbon content exceeded 2 percent only in
the surface horizon of the Boca, Canova, Floridana,
Gator, Jupiter, Manatee, and Perrine Variant soils. The
surface and subsurface horizons of the Canova and
Gator soils were very high in organic carbon content
(more than 30 percent) because of the high amounts of
sapric (organic) material. In Spodosols, organic carbon
content exceeded 2 percent only in the spodic horizon of
the Electra, Immokalee, and Pepper soils. Organic
carbon content was less than 1 percent in all horizons of
Archbold, Astatula, Orsino, Paola, and St. Lucie soils.
Organic carbon content generally decreased rapidly with
increased depth except in the Spodosols. These soils
have a Bh horizon that contains enhanced amounts of
organic carbon. Since organic carbon is directly related
to soil nutrient and water retention capacities of sandy
soils, management practices that conserve and maintain
organic carbon content are highly desirable.
Electrical conductivity values were generally very low,
exceeding 0.2 millimhos per centimeter, in one horizon
of the Canaveral soil and throughout the Perrine Variant
pedon. These data indicate that soluble salt content
REP
except in the immediate coastal areas is insufficient to
detrimentally affect the growth of salt -sensitive plants.
Soil reaction in water usually ranged between pH 4.0
and 7.0; however, reactions in excess of 8.0 occurred in
horizons of the Boca, Canova, Gator, Palm Beach, and
Perrine Variant series. With few exceptions, soil reaction
was 0.1 to 1.2 pH units lower in calcium chloride and
potassium chloride than in water. Maximum plant nutrient
availability is usually attained when soil reaction is
between pH 6.5 and 7.5; however, under Florida
conditions, maintaining soil reaction above pH 6.5 is not
economically feasible for most agricultural production
purposes.
Sodium pyrophosphate extractable iron did not exceed
0.10 percent in the Bh horizon of Immokalee, Jonathan,
and Orsino soils. The ratio of pyrophosphate extractable
carbon and aluminum to clay in Electra, Immokalee,
Jonathan, and Orsino soils was sufficient to meet the
chemical criteria for spodic horizons.
Citrate-dithionite extractable iron in the argillic horizon
was generally less than 1 percent. These values in the
Bh horizon ranged from 1.22 percent in the Boca soil to
no detectable amount in the Jonathan soil.
Aluminum extracted by citrate-dithionite from the Bt
horizon ranges from 0.02 percent in the Manatee soil to
0.13 percent in the Electra soil. Amounts of iron and
aluminum in Indian River County soils are not sufficient
to detrimentally affect phosphorus availability.
Sand fractions of 2 to 0.05 millimeters were siliceous
with quartz overwhelmingly dominant in all pedons.
Calcite was determined only in the Ckg2 horizon of the
Perrine Variant soil. Crystalline mineral components of
the clay fraction of less than 0.002 millimeters are
reported in table 21 for major horizons of the pedons
sampled. The clay mineralogical suite was composed of
montmorillonite, a 14-angstrom intergrade, kaolinite, and
quartz.
Montmorillonite occurred in all pedons sampled except
in the Perrine Variant soil. In most pedons, the clay
fraction was dominated by montmorillonite. The 14-
angstrom intergrade minerals occurred in all horizons in
the Astatula, Boca, Jonathan, Orsino, Palm Beach, and
Paola soils but were not present in all horizons of the
Electra, Immokalee, Pepper, and St. Lucie pedons.
Kaolinite occurred in all soils sampled. Quartz occurred
in all soils except in one horizon of the Perrine Variant
pedon.
Montmorillonite appears to have been inherited by
Indian River County soils and is probably the least stable
mineral component in the present environment. Subsoils
in Canova, Floridana, and Manatee pedons contain
relatively large amounts of montmorillonitic clays that
can result in considerable volume change from shrinking
when dry and swelling when wet. Clay -sized quartz has
primarily resulted from decrements of the silt fraction.
Soils dominated by montmorillonite and 14-angstrom
intergrades have high cation exchange capacities and
retain more plant nutrients than soils dominated by
kaolinite or quartz.
Engineering Index Test Data
Table 22 shows laboratory test data for several
pedons sampled at carefully selected sites in the survey
area. The pedons are typical of the series and are
described in the section "Soil Series and Their
Morphology." The soil samples were tested by the Soils
Laboratory, Florida Department of Transportation,
Bureau of Materials and Research.
The testing methods generally are those of the
American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials (AASHTO) or the American
Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
The tests and methods are: AASHTO classification—M
145 (AASHTO), D 3282 (ASTM); Unified classification—
D 2487 (ASTM); Mechanical analysis—T 88 (AASHTO),
D 2217 (ASTM); Liquid limit—T 89 (AASHTO), D 423
(ASTM); Plasticity index—T 90 (AASHTO), D 424
(ASTM).
87
Classification of the Soils
The system of soil classification used by the National
Cooperative Soil Survey has six categories (14).
Beginning with the broadest, these categories are the
order, suborder, great group, subgroup, family, and
series. Classification is based on soil properties
observed in the field or inferred from those observations
or on laboratory measurements. Table 23 shows the
classification of the soils in the survey area. The
categories are defined in the following paragraphs.
ORDER. Ten soil orders are recognized. The
differences among orders reflect the dominant soil -
forming processes and the degree of soil formation.
Each order is identified by a word ending in soi. An
example is Spodosol.
SUBORDER. Each order is divided into suborders,
primarily on the basis of properties that influence soil
genesis and are important to plant growth or properties
that reflect the most important variables within the
orders. The last syllable in the name of a suborder
indicates the order. An example is Aquod (Aqu, meaning
water, plus od, from Spodosol).
GREAT GROUP. Each suborder is divided into great
groups on the basis of close similarities in kind,
arrangement, and degree of development of pedogenic
horizons; soil moisture and temperature regimes; and
base status. Each great group is identified by the name
of a suborder and by a prefix that indicates a property of
the soil. An example is Haplaquods (Hapi, meaning
minimal horizonation, plus aquod, the suborder of the
Spodosols that have an aquic moisture regime).
SUBGROUP. Each great group has a typic subgroup.
Other subgroups are intergrades or extragrades. The
typic is the central concept of the great group; it is not
necessarily the most extensive. Intergrades are
transitions to other orders, suborders, or great groups.
Extragrades have some properties that are not
representative of the great group but do not indicate
transitions to any other known kind of soil. Each
subgroup is identified by one or more adjectives
preceding the name of the great group. The adjective
Typic identifies the subgroup that typifies the great
group. An example is Typic Haplaquods.
FAMILY. Families are established within a subgroup on
the basis of physical and chemical properties and other
characteristics that affect management. Mostly the
properties are those of horizons below plow depth where
there is much biological activity. Among the properties
and characteristics considered are particle -size class,
mineral content, temperature regime, depth of the root
zone, consistence, moisture equivalent, slope, and
permanent cracks. A family name consists of the name
of a subgroup preceded by terms that indicate soil
properties. An example is sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic
Typic Haplaquods.
SERIES. The series consists of soils that have similar
horizons in their profile. The horizons are similar in color,
texture, structure, reaction, consistence, mineral and
chemical composition, and arrangement in the profile.
There can be some variation in the texture of the surface
layer or of the substratum within a series.
Soil Series and Their Morphology
In this section, each soil series recognized in the
survey area is described. The descriptions are arranged
in alphabetic order.
Characteristics of the soil and the material in which it
formed are identified for each series. The soil is
compared with similar soils and with nearby soils of
other series. A pedon, a small three-dimensional area of
soil, that is typical of the series in the survey area is
described. The detailed description of each soil horizon
follows standards in the Soil Survey Manua/ (13). Many
of the technical terms used in the descriptions are
defined in Soil Taxonomy (14). Unless otherwise stated,
colors in the descriptions are for moist soil. Following the
pedon description is the range of important
characteristics of the soils in the series.
The map units of each soil series are described in the
section "Detailed Soil Map Units."
Archbold Series
The soils of the Archbold series are hyperthermic,
uncoated Typic Quartzipsamments. They are moderately
well drained, very rapidly permeable soils that formed in
thick deposits of marine or eolian sand. These nearly
level to sloping soils are on the Atlantic Coastal Ridge
and other elevated knolls on the flatwoods. In most
years, the water table is at a depth of 40 to 60 inches for
more than 6 months but recedes to a depth of more
than 80 inches during droughty periods. The slope
ranges from 0 to 5 percent.
Soil Survey
Archbold soils are associated with Astatula,
Immokalee, Jonathan, Myakka, Orsino, Paola, Pomello,
Satellite, and St. Lucie soils. Astatula, Paola, and St.
Lucie soils are excessively drained. Jonathan soils are
somewhat excessively drained and have an ortstein
horizon. Orsino and Pomello soils are moderately well
drained and have a spodic horizon. In addition, Orsino
soils have a Bh horizon. Immokalee and Myakka soils
are poorly drained and have a spodic horizon. Satellite
soils are somewhat poorly drained.
Typical pedon of Archbold sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes;
in an area on the coastal ridge, about 0.75 mile west of
U.S. Highway 1, about 0.5 mile north of Indian River
County Road 510; SE1 /4NW1 /4SE1 /4, sec. 29, T. 31
S., R. 39 E.
A-0 to 2 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sand; single grained;
loose; common fide and medium roots; mixture of
uncoated sand grains and organic matter, salt -and -
pepper appearance; neutral; abrupt smooth
boundary.
C1-2 to 38 inches; white (10YR 8/1) sand; single
grained; loose; common fine and medium roots;
neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
C2-38 to 51 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) sand; single
grained; loose; few fine and medium roots; slightly
acid; gradual wavy boundary.
C3-51 to 80 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sand; single
grained; loose; few fine and medium roots; medium
acid.
Reaction ranges from extremely acid to medium acid
in the A horizon and from strongly acid to slightly acid in
the C horizon. Texture is sand or fine sand to a depth of
more than 80 inches. About 5 percent or less silt and
clay is at a depth of 10 to 40 inches.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and
chroma of 1. It has a varying amount of fine black (10YR
2/1) organic matter granules. Thickness is 2 to 5 inches.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 7, and
chroma of 2; or hue of 10YR, value of 7 or 8, and
chroma of 1. In some pedons, the C horizon has hue of
10YR, value of 6, and chroma of 1 at a depth of more
than 40 inches.
Astatula Series
The soils of the Astatula series are hyperthermic,
uncoated Typic Quartzipsamments. They are excessively
drained, very rapidly permeable soils that formed in thick
deposits of marine or eolian sand. These nearly level to
gently sloping soils are on the Atlantic Coastal Ridge.
The water table is at a depth of more than 72 inches.
The slope ranges from 0 to 5 percent.
Astatula soils are associated with Immokalee, Paola,
Pomello, and St. Lucie soils. Immokalee and Pomello
soils are more poorly drained than the Astatula soils and
have a Bh horizon. Paola soils have a light colored E
horizon. St. Lucie soils are gray to light gray.
Typical pedon of Astatula sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes;
west of Old Dixie Highway; NE1 /4NW1 /4NW1 /4, sec.
31, T. 33 S., R. 39 E.
A-0 to 4 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sand; single
grained; loose; common fine and very fine, few
medium roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
AC-4 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sand; dark brown
(10YR 4/3) organic stains around root channels;
single grained; loose; many fine and very fine, few
coarse and medium roots; strongly acid; clear
smooth boundary.
C1-5 to 14 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sand;
single grained; loose; common fine and medium
roots; medium acid; gradual smooth boundary.
C2-14 to 71 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) sand;
dark brown (10YR 4/3) stains around roots; single
grained; loose; few fine and medium roots; strongly
acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
C3-71 to 80 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sand;
few medium yellowish red (5YR 4/6) soft iron
accumulations; single grained; loose; strongly acid.
Less than 5 percent silt and clay is at a depth of 10 to
40 inches. Reaction is strongly acid or medium acid.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and
chroma of 1 or 2. This horizon is a mixture of organic
matter and uncoated sand grains. Thickness is 3 to 7
inches. Texture is sand or fine sand. The AC horizon, if
present, has hue of 10YR, value of 5, and chroma of 3.
Thickness is 0 to 2 inches. Texture is sand or fine sand.
The C horizon has hue of 7.5YR, value of 5, and
chroma of 8; or hue of 10YR, value of 6, and chroma of
6 to 8. Texture is sand or fine sand.
Boca Series
The soils of the Boca series are loamy, siliceous,
hyperthermic Arenic Ochraqualfs. They are poorly
drained, moderately permeable soils that formed in
moderately thick beds of sandy and loamy marine
sediment underlain by a hard, limestone ledge that has
numerous fractures and solution holes. These nearly
level soils are mostly in the citrus groves, but some are
on the flatwoods. In most years, the water table is within
a depth of 10 inches of the surface for 2 to 4 months
during the rainy season. The slope ranges from 0 to 2
percent.
Boca soils are associated with Jupiter, Myakka,
Pineda, Riviera, Wabasso, and Winder soils. Jupiter soils
have a mollic epipedon and do not have an argillic
horizon. Myakka and Wabasso soils have a Bh horizon
and are not underlain by limestone. Pineda, Riviera, and
Winder soils have an argillic horizon that does not rest
Indian River County, Florida
on limestone. In addition, Pineda soils have a Bw
horizon.
Typical pedon of Boca fine sand; in a citrus grove,
about 1/2 mile east of U.S. Highway 1, on 37th Avenue
(across from north entrance of Vero Beach Hospital),
1,000 feet north along Field Road, 100 feet west;
SE1 /4NE1 /4, sec. 23, T. 32 S., R. 39 E.
Ap-0 to 7 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) fine sand;
single grained; loose; common fine roots;
moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
E-7 to 14 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sand;
single grained; loose; moderately alkaline; clear
smooth boundary.
EB-14 to 20 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sand; single
grained; loose; mildly alkaline; abrupt smooth
boundary.
Bt-20 to 24 inches; mixed yellowish brown (10YR 5/6,
5/4) fine sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky
structure; very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic;
moderately alkaline; abrupt irregular boundary.
R-24 inches; hard fractured, calcareous limestone.
The thickness of the solum and depth to limestone in
the dominant part of a pedon range from 22 to 40
inches. In solution holes and fractures, the depth to
limestone ranges from 22 to 50 inches or more. Depth to
the argillic horizon ranges from 20 to 36 inches in more
than half of the pedons.
Reaction ranges from medium acid to moderately
alkaline in the A, E and EB horizons and from slightly
acid to moderately alkaline in the Bt horizon.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4,
and chroma of 1. Thickness ranges from 6 to 9 inches.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and
chroma of 2 or 3. Thickness ranges from 7 to 15 inches.
The EB horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 5, and
chroma of 4; or hue of 10YR, value of 4, and chroma of
3. Thickness is 0 to 15 inches. Texture of the A, Ap, E,
and EB horizons is sand or fine sand.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 5, and
chroma of 4 to 6; or hue of 2.5Y, value of 6, and chroma
of 2 and has mottles of yellowish brown. Texture is
sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy clay loam.
Thickness is 4 to 12 inches.
The layer of hard limestone has many fractures and
solution holes. The bedrock is 6 to 18 inches thick. The
upper surface of the bedrock is smooth, and the lower
surface is quite irregular. Layers of sand to sandy loam
are below the bedrock. Some of these sand to sandy
loam layers have a variable content of shell fragments.
The Boca soils are taxadjuncts to the Boca series
because the yellowish brown color in the Bt horizon is
outside of the defined range for the series. They are
similar in use, management, and behavior to the soils of
the Boca series.
Canaveral Series
The soils of the Canaveral series are hyperthermic,
uncoated Aquic Quartzipsamments. They are somewhat
poorly drained to moderately well drained, very rapidly
permeable soils that formed in thick deposits of sand
and fine shell fragments. These nearly level to gently
sloping soils are on low dunelike ridges and on side
slopes bordering sloughs and mangrove swamps. In
most years the water table is at a depth of 10 to 40
inches for 2 to 6 months. The slope ranges from 0 to 5
percent.
Canaveral soils are associated with Palm Beach, St.
Augustine, Quartzipsamments, and Captiva soils. Palm
Beach soils are excessively drained. Captiva soils are
poorly drained and have a dark colored surface layer. St.
Augustine soils are mixed sandy, loamy, and silty soils.
These materials resulted from dredging and filling
operations. Quartzipsamments are sandy soils. This
material resulted from filling and earthmoving operations.
Typical pedon of Canaveral fine sand, 0 to 5 percent
slopes; 500 feet west of Florida State Road AM;
SE1 /4SE1 /4NE1 /4, sec. 15, T. 31 S., R. 39 E.
A-0 to 5 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) fine sand
grading to gray (10YR 5/1) in the lower part; single
grained; loose; common fine and medium and
coarse roots; about 10 percent sand -size shell
fragments; mildly alkaline; strongly effervescent;
clear wavy boundary.
C1-5 to 9 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) fine sand;
single grained; loose; 10 percent sand -size shell
fragments; common fine and medium, few coarse
roots; mildly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
C2-9 to 17 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)
fine sand; single grained; loose; common medium
roots; 10 percent multicolored sand -size shell
fragments; neutral; strongly effervescent; gradual
smooth boundary.
C3-17 to 49 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) fine
sand; single grained; loose; few fine and medium
roots; 20 percent multicolored sand -size shell
fragments; mildly alkaline; strongly effervescent;
clear wavy boundary.
C4-49 to 61 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) fine
sand; common medium prominent light yellowish
brown (10YR 6/4) mottles; single grained; loose; 35
percent multicolored sand -size shell fragments; few
shell fragments up to 1 inch in diameter; mildly
alkaline; strongly effervescent; clear wavy boundary.
C5-61 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine
sand; few fine prominent light yellowish brown
(10YR 6/4) mottles; single grained; loose; 40
percent multicolored sand -size shell fragments;
mildly alkaline; strongly effervescent.
01
Soil Survey
Reaction ranges from neutral to moderately alkaline in
all horizons to a depth of 80 inches or more. Shell
fragments cause these soils to be strongly effervescent
with dilute 0.1 normal hydrochloric acid. All horizons are
sand or fine sand that is mixed with varying amounts of
sand -size shell fragments.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 4, and
chroma of 1 or 2. Thickness is 4 to 8 inches. The
content of shell fragments ranges from 5 to 10 percent.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 7, and
chroma of 1 to 4; or hue of 2.5Y, value of 6, and chroma
of 2. The C horizon is a mixture of fine sand or sand and
multicolored shell fragments. In some pedons, the C
horizon is stratified sand and shell fragments. The
content of shell fragments ranges from 5 to 60 percent.
Canova Series
The soils of the Canova series are fine -loamy,
siliceous, hyperthermic Typic Glossaqualfs. They are
very poorly drained, moderately permeable soils that
formed in sandy and loamy marine sediment under
favorable conditions for the accumulation of organic
material. These nearly level soils are in freshwater
swamps and marshes. Under natural conditions, the
water table is above the surface for most of the year. In
drained areas, it is controlled at a depth of 10 to 36
inches or controlled according to the need of the crop.
The water table is at or above the surface for short
periods, after heavy rainfall and during normal periods of
high seasonal rainfall. The slope is 0 to 1 percent.
Canova soils are associated with Chobee, Delray,
Floridana, Gator, Terra Ceia, Wabasso, and Winder soils.
Chobee, Delray, and Floridana soils have a mollic
epipedon. Gator and Terra Ceia soils are organic soils.
Wabasso soils are poorly drained and have a spodic
horizon. Winder soils do not have an organic surface
layer and are poorly drained.
Typical pedon of Canova muck; in a pasture, 7.5 miles
west of Fellsmere, 3.5 miles west of Indian River County
Road 512, 0.9 mile east of Lateral O Canal, 150 feet
west of Mile Canal; Block 21 W; NE1 /4SE1 /4NE1 /4, sec.
35, T. 31 S., R. 36 E.
Oap-0 to 6 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck; about 10
percent fiber, less than 5 percent rubbed; weak
medium subangular blocky structure resemblance;
friable; common fine roots; dark brown (10YR 4/3)
sodium pyrophosphate extract; extremely acid (pH
4.1 in 0.01 molar calcium chloride solution); abrupt
wavy boundary.
Oa-6 to 12 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) muck;
about 20 percent fiber, 2 percent rubbed; weak
medium subangular blocky structure resemblance;
friable; common fine roots; dark brown (10YR 4/3)
sodium pyrophosphate extract; extremely acid (pH
4.2 in 0.01 molar calcium chloride solution); abrupt
smooth boundary.
A-12 to 13 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sand; single
grained; loose; common light gray (10YR 7/1)
uncoated sand grains; few fine roots; strongly acid;
abrupt wavy boundary.
E1-13 to 21 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sand; single
grained; loose; few fine roots; slightly acid; gradual
wavy boundary.
E2-21 to 24 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sand;
single grained; loose; few fine roots; slightly acid;
abrupt irregular boundary.
Btg1-24 to 34 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) sandy
clay loam; common fine and medium yellowish
brown (10YR 5/6) streaks around roots; weak
coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate
medium subangular blocky structure; slightly sticky
and slightly plastic; common coarse tongues of
grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sand around sandy clay
loam prisms, 8 to 10 inches apart; common fine and
very fine roots; medium acid; gradual wavy
boundary.
Btg2-34 to 40 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) sandy clay loam;
few coarse distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR
3/2) and common fine distinct yellowish brown
(10YR 5/4) streaks along root channels; weak
coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium
subangular blocky structure; slightly sticky and
slightly plastic; few light gray and yellowish brown
calcium carbonate concretions; few fine roots; mildly
alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.
Cgk1-40 to 49 inches; greenish gray (5GY 5/ 1) sandy
clay loam; common fine prominent yellowish brown
(10YR 5/6) mottles and common fine distinct light
gray (10YR 7/1) calcium carbonate concretions and
soft calcium carbonate accumulations; strongly
effervescent; weak medium subangular blocky
structure; slightly sticky and nonplastic; few very fine
roots; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
Cgk2-49 to 56 inches; greenish gray (5GY 6/1) sandy
clay loam; few fine and medium distinct yellowish
brown (10YR 5/4) mottles and many fine light gray
(10YR 7/2) calcium carbonate concretions; strongly
effervescent; weak medium subangular blocky
structure; slightly sticky and nonplastic; few very fine
roots; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
Cg-56 to 80 inches; greenish gray (5G 6/1) sandy
loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;
slightly sticky and nonplastic; moderately alkaline.
Canova soils are extremely acid to medium acid in the
O horizon, strongly acid or medium acid in the A horizon,
slightly acid or neutral in the E horizon, medium acid to
moderately alkaline in the Btg horizon, and moderately
alkaline in the Cgk and the Cg horizons.
The thickness of the organic material ranges from 5 to
15 inches. The Oa horizon has hue of 5YR or 10YR,
value of 2, and chroma of 1 or 2; or hue of 5YR, value of
3, and chroma of 1 through 3. The fiber content is less
Indian River County, Florida
91
than 33 percent unrubbed and less than 5 percent
rubbed. Sodium pyrophosphate extract has hue of 10YR,
value of 2 through 4, and chroma of 4 or less; or hue of
10YR, value of 5, and chroma of 2 through 8; or hue of
10YR, value of 6, and chroma of 3 through 8; or hue of
10YR, value of 7, and chroma of 4 through 8. Texture is
muck.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and
chroma of 1. If present, this horizon has few or common
10YR 7/1 uncoated sand grains. Texture is sand or fine
sand. Thickness ranges from 1 to 6 inches.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and
chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is sand or fine sand.
Thickness ranges from 6 to 11 inches.
The Btg horizon has hue of 10YR or 5Y, value of 4 or
5, and chroma of 1; or hue of 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and
chroma of 2; or hue of 5GY, value of 5, and chroma of 1
and has mottles and streaks in shades of yellow and
brown. Texture is sandy clay loam or sandy loam. The
clay content is 18 to 28 percent. The silt content is less
than 15 percent. It has few or common vertical sandy
streaks or tongues and none or few calcium carbonate
accumulations. Thickness ranges from 7 to 24 inches.
The Cgk and Cg horizons have hue of 5GY, 5Y, or 5G,
value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1. These horizons have
mottles and streaks in shades of yellow and brown.
Texture is sandy clay loam or sandy loam that has
lenses of sand or loamy sand. In the Cgk and Cg
horizons are few to many, fine and medium, soft and
hard light gray, white, and yellowish brown fragments of
carbonatic material and shell fragments.
Captiva Series
The soils of the Captiva series are siliceous,
hyperthermic Mollic Psammaquents. They are poorly
drained, rapidly permeable soils that formed in thick
marine deposits of sand and fine shell fragments. These
nearly level soils are in narrow, elongated sloughs
between low dunelike ridges and mangrove swamps. In
most years, the water table is at a depth of 10 to 40
inches for 6 to 9 months or more and within a depth of
10 inches of the surface for 1 to 3 months. In some
years, the soil is flooded for about 1 month. The slope
ranges from 0 to 1 percent.
Captiva soils are associated with Canaveral and
Kesson soils. Canaveral soils are on higher elevations
than Captiva soils and are better drained. Kesson soils
are very poorly drained, have a high sulfur content, and
are subject to tidal flooding.
Typical pedon of Captiva fine sand; in a brushy area,
3/4 mile south of Indian River County Road 510, 500
feet east of Jungle Trail; NW1 /4SW1 /4SE1 /4, sec. 26,
T. 31 S., R. 39 E.
A-0 to 8 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) fine sand;
weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine
and few medium roots; about 2 percent shell
fragments; moderately alkaline; slightly effervescent;
clear smooth boundary.
C-8 to 16 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sand;
common medium distinct dark grayish brown (10YR
4/2) and few medium distinct yellowish brown
(10YR 5/6) mottles; single grained; loose; few fine
and medium roots; about 2 percent shell fragments;
moderately alkaline; slightly effervescent; gradual
smooth boundary.
Cg1-16 to 25 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) fine sand;
single grained; loose; about 15 percent shell
fragments; moderately alkaline; strongly
effervescent; clear wavy boundary.
Cg2-25 to 80 inches; greenish gray (5GY 5/1) fine
sand; single grained; loose; about 10 percent shell
fragments; moderately alkaline; strongly
effervescent.
Reaction is moderately alkaline to a depth of 80
inches or more. Shell fragments cause these soils to be
slightly effervescent to strongly effervescent with dilute
0.1 normal hydrochloric acid. All horizons are sand or
fine sand that is mixed with varying amounts of shell
fragments.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and
chroma of 1. Thickness is 6 to 9 inches. The content of
shell fragments ranges from 2 to 20 percent.
The Cg horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and
chroma of 1 to 3; or hue of 5Y, value of 5 or 6, and
chroma of 2; or hue of 5GY, value of 5 or 6, and chroma
of 2; or hue of 5GY, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1
and has streaks and mottles of dark grayish brown,
grayish brown, or yellowish brown. The C horizon is a
mixture of fine sand, sand, and shell fragments. In some
pedons the C horizon is stratified sand and shell
fragments. The content of shell fragments ranges from 5
to 60 percent. The shell fragments that are more than 2
millimeters in size make up less than 35 percent of the
horizon.
Chobee Series
The soils of the Chobee series are fine -loamy,
siliceous, hyperthermic Typic Argiaquolls. They are very
poorly drained, slowly permeable to very slowly
permeable soils that formed in thick beds of moderately
fine marine sediment. These nearly level soils are in
depressional areas, in poorly defined drainageways, and
on broad, low flats. Under natural conditions, they are
covered with shallow water or have a water table within
a depth of 10 inches of the surface for more than 6
months during most years. The slope is dominantly less
than 1 percent but ranges to 2 percent.
Chobee soils are associated with Floridana, Manatee,
Riviera, Pineda, and Winder soils. Floridana soils have
thick sandy surface and albic horizon. Manatee soils are
in the coarse loamy family. Riviera and Pineda soils have
Soil Survey
an argillic horizon at a depth of 20 to 40 inches. In
addition, Pineda soils have a Bw horizon. Winder,
Riviera, and Pineda soils do not have a mollic epipedon
and also have tongues of E horizon extending into the Bt
horizon.
Typical pedon of Chobee loamy fine sand; in an area
of citrus, 1.75 miles south of Florida State Road 60, 0.5
mlle west of Range Line Road; NW1/4SW1/4NE1/4,
sec. 13, T. 33 S., R. 38 E.
Ap-0 to 5 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy fine sand;
weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable;
neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt1-5 to 17 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sandy loam;
massive, parts to moderate medium subangular
bloCky structure; slightly sticky and slightly plastic;
neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2-17 to 28 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sandy
clay loam; few fine prominent yellowish brown
(10YR 5/8) mottles; few fine distinct strong brown
(7.5YR 5/6) streaks along old root channels;
massive, parts to moderate medium subangular
blocky structure; slightly sticky and slightly plastic;
slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt3-28 to 35 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)
sandy loam; common fine prominent yellowish
brown (10YR 5/8) mottles; weak medium
subangular blocky structure; slightly sticky and
slightly plastic; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary:
Bt4-35 to 46 inches; gray (5Y 6/1) sandy loam;
common medium distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) and
few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8)
mottles; medium fine subangular blocky structure;
slightly sticky and slightly plastic; slightly acid;
gradual smooth boundary.
Cg1-46 to 54 inches; gray (5Y 6/1) loamy fine sand;
weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly sticky;
slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Cg2-54 to 80 inches; greenish gray (5GY 5/1) loamy
fine sand; massive, parts to weak medium
subangular blocky structure; slightly sticky;
moderately alkaline.
The thickness of the solum is more than 40 inches.
The A horizon or the Ap horizon has hue of 10YR,
value of 2, and chroma of 1; or it is neutral with value of
2. Texture is loamy fine sand or sandy loam. A few
pedons have texture of mucky fine sand. Reaction is
slightly acid or neutral. Thickness ranges from 4 to 15
inches.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 4, and
chroma of 1; or hue of 10YR, value of 4, and chroma of
2; or hue of 2.5Y, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 1; or
hue of 5Y, value of 6, and chroma of 1 and can have
yellowish brown or strong brown mottles. Texture is
sandy loam or sandy clay loam. The clay content of the
control section ranges from 18 to 35 percent. Reaction
ranges from slightly acid to moderately alkaline. The total
thickness ranges from 30 to 50 inches.
The Cg horizon has hue of 5Y or 5GY, value of 5 or 6,
and chroma of 1. This horizon can have mottles. Texture
is loamy sand, loamy fine sand, or sandy loam. In some
pedons, this horizon is a mixture of loamy sand and shell
fragments. Also, some pedons have concretions or
splotches of calcium carbonates. Reaction ranges from
neutral to moderately alkaline. This horizon can be
calcareous.
Delray Series
The soils of the Delray series are loamy, siliceous,
hyperthermic Grossarenic Argiaquolls. They are very
poorly drained soils that formed in thick beds of sandy
and loamy marine sediment. These nearly level soils are
in depressions and in poorly defined drainageways. The
Delray soils are rapidly permeable in the A and E
horizons and moderately permeable to moderately
rapidly permeable in the Bt horizon. In most years, the
water table is above the surface for 2 to 6 months and is
within a depth of 10 inches for 6 to 9 months. The slope
is less than 2 percent.
Delray soils are associated with Canova, Floridana,
Gator, Holopaw, and Malabar soils. Canova soils have a
thin layer of organic material underlain by a Bt horizon
within a depth of 20 inches of the surface. Floridana
soils have a Bt horizon at a depth of 20 to 40 inches.
Gator soils are organic. Holopaw and Malabar soils are
poorly drained and do not have a mollic epipedon. In
addition, Malabar soils have a Bw horizon.
Typical pedon of Delray muck; in a partially cleared
depressional area; SE 1 /2SE1 /4NW 1 /4, sec. 24, T. 31
S., R. 35 E.
Oa-0 to 3 inches; black (5YR 2/1) muck; weak fine
subangular blocky structure resemblance; very
friable; about 55 percent fiber unrubbed, 5 percent
rubbed; common fine roots; dark brown (10YR 4/3)
sodium pyrophosphate extract; slightly acid; clear
smooth boundary.
A1-3 to 17 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sand; high
organic matter content; few coarse distinct grayish
brown streaks and splotches; weak medium granular
structure; friable; common fine roots; slightly acid;
gradual wavy boundary.
A2-17 to 21 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR
3/2) sand; few medium faint very dark gray
splotches; single grained; loose; few fine roots; very
slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
E1-21 to 38 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sand;
single grained; loose; very slightly acid; clear wavy
boundary.
E2-38 to 45 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)
sand; single grained; loose; neutral; abrupt wavy
boundary.
Indian River County, Florida
93
Btg1-45 to 52 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)
sandy clay loam; common medium distinct yellowish
brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; moderate medium
subangular blocky structure; slightly sticky and
nonplastic; few fine roots; mildly alkaline; clear
smooth boundary.
BCg-52 to 80 inches; gray (5Y 6/ 1) sandy loam; few
medium distinct light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) and
light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) mottles; weak medium
subangular blocky structure; slightly sticky and
nonplastic; few fine roots; mildly alkaline.
The thickness of the solum is more than 50 inches.
Reaction ranges from medium acid to slightly acid in the
Oa and A horizons and slightly acid to mildly alkaline in
the E, Btg, BCg horizons and, if present, in the Cg
horizon.
The Oa horizon has hue of 10YR or 5YR, value of 2,
and chroma of 1; or it is neutral with value of 2. Organic
fiber content ranges from about 15 to 60 percent
unrubbed and less than 10 percent rubbed. Thickness
ranges from 0 to 6 inches.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3,
and chroma of 1 or 2; or it is neutral with value of 2 and
can have few medium very dark gray, dark gray, or
grayish brown sand splotches or pockets. Texture is
sand, fine sand, mucky loamy fine sand, or mucky fine
sand. Organic matter content ranges from about 2 to 18
percent. Thickness ranges from 14 to 20 inches.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and
chroma of 2. This horizon can have very dark gray or
dark gray splotches or thin streaks along root channels.
Texture is sand or fine sand. Thickness ranges from 20
to 39 inches.
The Btg horizon has hue of 5GY or 5Y, value of 5 or
6, and chroma of 2; or hue of 10YR, value of 4, and
chroma of 2. This horizon can have mottles in shades of
gray, yellow, or brown. Texture is sandy loam, fine sandy
loam, or sandy clay loam. Thickness ranges from 7 to 28
inches. The BCg horizon has hue of 5Y or 5GY, value of
5 or 6, and chroma of 1. This horizon can have light
olive brown or olive yellow mottles. Texture is sandy
loam or loamy sand.
In some pedons, a Cg horizon, if present, has hue of
5Y or 5GY, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1. The Cg
horizon also, has pockets of marl or shell and calcium
carbonate fragments. Texture is fine sandy loam or
loamy fine sand.
EauGallie Series
The soils of the EauGallie series are sandy, siliceous,
hyperthermic Alfic Haplaquods. They are poorly drained,
moderately permeable soils that formed in thick beds of
sandy and loamy marine sediment. These nearly level
soils are on broad flatwoods. In wet seasons, the water
table is within a depth of 10 inches of the surface for 2
to 4 months. In most years, the water table is at a depth
of 48 inches for more than 6 months. The slope ranges
from 0 to 2 percent.
EauGallie soils are associated with Myakka, Oldsmar,
Pepper, Wabasso, and Winder soils. Myakka soils do not
have an argillic horizon. Oldsmar soils have a Bh horizon
that is deeper than the Bh horizon in the EauGallie soils.
Pepper soils have an ortstein horizon. Wabasso soils
have a Bt horizon at a shallower depth than the Bt
horizon in the EauGallie soils. Winder soils do not have a
Bh horizon.
Typical pedon of EauGallie fine sand; on the
flatwoods, 112 mile north of Florida State Road 60, east
of U.S. Interstate Highway 95, 1 /4 mile east on Old
Subdivision Road; NW1 /4NE1 /4, sec. 3, T. 33 S., R. 38
E.
Ap-0 to 5 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sand; weak
fine granular structure; very friable; very strongly
acid; clear wavy boundary.
A-5 to 15 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) fine sand;
single grained; loose; very strongly acid; clear
smooth boundary.
E-15 to 26 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) fine sand; single
grained; loose; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy
boundary.
Bh1-26 to 30 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sand;
moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable;
very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bh2-30 to 34 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) fine
sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable;
very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bh3-34 to 37 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2)
fine sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable;
strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bh4-37 to 42 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) fine sand;
single grained; loose; strongly acid; clear smooth
boundary.
BE-42 to 47 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sand; single
grained; loose; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
Btg1-47 to 54 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) sandy
loam; few medium distinct dark brown (7.5YR 4/4)
streaks and common medium brown (10YR 5/3)
mottles; weak medium subangular blocky structure;
slightly sticky and slightly plastic; medium acid; clear
wavy boundary.
Btg2-54 to 62 inches; gray (5Y 6/1) sandy loam; weak
fine subangular blocky structure; very friable;
medium acid; clear smooth boundary.
Cg-62 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)
loamy fine sand; single grained; loose; medium acid.
The thickness of the solum is more than 50 inches.
Depth to the spodic horizon ranges from 15 to 30
inches, and depth to the argillic horizon ranges from 40
to 80 inches. The A, E, and Bh horizons are sand or fine
sand.
94
Soil Survey
The A horizon, if rubbed, has hue of 10YR, value of 2
to 4, and chroma of 1. If value is less than 3.5, thickness
is less than 10 inches. Unrubbed colors often have a
salt -and -pepper appearance. The E horizon has hue of
10YR, value of 6 or 7, and chroma of 1 or 2; or it has
hue of 10YR, value of 5, and chroma of 1. The total
thickness of the A and E horizons is less than 30 inches,
Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to moderately
alkaline in areas where the surface layer has been limed.
The Bh horizon has hue of 5YR, value of 2 or 3, and
chroma of 1 or 2; or hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and
chroma of 1 to 3. The sand grains are well coated with
organic matter. The thickness of the Bh horizon ranges
from 3 to 36 inches. Reaction ranges from very strongly
acid to slightly acid. The BE horizon, if present, has hue
of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3. The thickness
of the BE horizon ranges from 0 to 17 inches. Texture is
fine sand. In some pedons an E' horizon is present, and
it has hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2.
Texture is sand or fine sand. The thickness of the E'
horizon ranges from 0 to 11 inches. The Btg horizon has
hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3; or hue of
10YR, value of 5, and chroma of 2; or hue of 2.5Y, value
of 5, and chroma of 2; or hue of 5Y, value of 5 or 6, and
chroma of 1; or hue of 5Y, value of 5, and chroma of 2.
Few or common, fine or medium brown yellowish brown,
or brownish yellow mottles can be present throughout.
Texture is sandy loam or sandy clay loam, The thickness
of the Btg horizon ranges from about 6 to 20 inches,
Reaction ranges from strongly acid to slightly acid.
The Cg horizon has hue of 10YR or 5Y, value of 6,
and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is sand or loamy fine
sand. In some pedons, the C horizon can have up to 16
percent light gray shell fragments that are about 1
centimeter in size. Reaction ranges from medium acid to
mildly alkaline.
Electra Series
The soils of the Electra series are sandy, siliceous,
hyperthermic Arenic Ultic Haplohumods. They are deep,
somewhat poorly drained, slowly permeable or very
slowly permeable soils that formed in thick beds of
sandy and loamy marine sediment. These nearly level to
gently sloping soils are on knolls on the flatwoods and in
adjacent drainageways. The water table is at a depth of
25 to 40 inches for 4 consecutive months during most
years and recedes to a depth or more than 40 inches
during drier periods. The slope ranges from 0 to 5
percent.
Electra soils are associated with Immokalee, Oldsmar,
and Orsino soils. Immokalee and Oldsmar soils are
poorly drained, In addition, Immokalee soils do not have
an argillic horizon, and Oldsmar soils are less acid than
Electra soils. Orsino soils are moderately well drained
and do not have an argillic horizon.
Typical pedon of Electra sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes;
in an area adjacent to the south prong of Sebastian
Creek; NW1/4NW1/4SW1/4, sec. 23, T. 31 S., R. 38 E.
A-0 to 5 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) sand; single
grained; loose; common fine and few medium roots;
very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
E-5 to 30 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) sand; single
grained; loose; common medium and many fine
roots; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
Bh1-30 to 33 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2)
sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure;
weakly cemented in less than 50 percent of the
horizon; friable; sand grains well coated with organic
matter; few fine and common medium roots;
extremely acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bh2-33 to 36 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3)
loamy sand; few medium yellowish red (5YR 4/6)
moderately cemented nodules 112 inch in diameter;
moderate medium subangular blocky structure;
weakly cemented in less than 50 percent of the
horizon; friable; sand grains well coated with organic
matter; few fine roots; extremely acid; clear wavy
boundary.
BE-36 to 47 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) sand; weak fine
subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine
and medium roots; extremely acid; abrupt wavy
boundary.
Btg1-47 to 59 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)
sandy loam; common medium prominent strong
brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; weak medium
subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly sticky
when wet and nonplastic; few fine and medium
roots; sand grains coated and bridged with clay;
extremely acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Btg2-59 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)
sandy loam; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR
5/6) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure;
friable; slightly sticky and nonplastic; strongly acid.
The thickness of the solum is more than 80 inches.
Depth to the spodic horizon is about 30 inches, and
depth to the argillic horizon is more than 40 inches.
Reaction ranges from extremely acid to strongly acid.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4, and
chroma of 1. Thickness ranges from 2 to 5 inches. The
E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 7, and chroma of 1;
or hue of 10YR, value of 6, and chroma of 2 and can
have dark brown streaks or mottles. Texture of the A
and E horizon is sand or fine sand. The total thickness
of the A and E horizons ranges from 30 to 37 inches.
The Bh horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3, and
chroma of 1; or hue of 5YR, value of 3, and chroma of 2
or 3; or it is neutral, with value of 2, and chroma of 0.
Texture is sand, fine sand, or loamy sand. Thickness of
the Bh horizon ranges from 6 to 17 inches. In some
pedons is a BE horizon that has hue of 7.5YR, value of
Indian River County, Florida
4, and chroma of 4; or hue of 10YR, value of 5, and
chroma of 4. In addition, some pedons have an E'
horizon of sand or fine sand that has hue of 10YR, value
of 6, and chroma of 3. This E' horizon has dark yellowish
brown and yellowish brown mottles. The Btg horizon has
hue of 10YR, value of 6, and chroma of 2 or 3; or hue of
10YR, value of 5, and chroma of 4 and can have
brownish yellow or olive brown mottles or very dark
brown stains along old root channels. Texture is sandy
loam or fine sandy loam.
Floridana Series
The soils of the Floridana series are loamy, siliceous,
hyperthermic Arenic Argiaquolls. They are very poorly
drained, slowly permeable to very slowly permeable soils
that formed in thick beds of sandy and loamy marine
sediment. These nearly level soils are in depressions, in
poorly defined drainageways, and on broad, low flats.
The water table is above the surface for short periods
after heavy rainfall or within a depth of 10 inches for
more than 6 months during most years. It is at a depth
of 10 to 30 inches for short periods during dry seasons.
Depressional areas are ponded for 6 months or more.
The slope is less than 2 percent.
Floridana soils are associated with Chobee, Manatee,
Oldsmar, Wabasso, Riviera, and Winder soils. Chobee
and Manatee soils have a Bt horizon at a depth of less
than 20 inches. The remaining associated soils do not
have a mollic epipedon and are poorly drained. In
addition, Oldsmar and Wabasso soils have a spodic
horizon, and Winder soils have a Bt horizon at a depth of
less than 20 inches.
Typical pedon of Floridana sand; in an area of citrus;
NW1 /4SW1 /4NW1 /4, sec. 7, T. 31 S., R. 37 E.
Ap-0 to 5 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sand, very dark
grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; moderate medium
granular structure; friable; few very fine, common
fine and medium roots; neutral; gradual wavy
boundary.
A-5 to 14 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sand, very dark
grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; weak fine granular
structure; very friable; few very fine, common fine
and medium roots; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
E-14 to 20 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)
sand; single grained; loose; common fine, few
medium roots; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
Btg1-20 to 30 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sandy clay
loam; common fine and medium distinct yellowish
brown (10YR 5/8) mottles; weak fine subangular
blocky structure; slightly sticky and slightly plastic;
few fine and medium pockets and streaks of black
(N 2/0) along old root channels; slightly acid;
gradual irregular boundary.
Btg2-30 to 34 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sandy clay
loam; many fine and medium distinct yellowish
brown (10YR 5/8) mottles; weak fine subangular
blocky structure; slightly sticky and slightly plastic;
few fine and medium black (N 2/0) pockets and
streaks along old root channels; mildly alkaline;
clear irregular boundary.
BCg-34 to 37 inches; gray (5Y 6/1) sandy clay loam;
many fine and medium distinct yellowish brown
(10YR 5/6) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky
structure; many fine and medium white (10YR 8/1)
pockets of soft calcium carbonate; strongly
effervescent; mildly alkaline; gradual irregular
boundary.
Cgk1-37 to 53 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sandy loam;
few medium distinct gray (10YR 4/1) and few fine
prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) streaks;
weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly
sticky and nonplastic; common fine white (10YR
8/1) calcium carbonate masses; strongly
effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy
boundary.
Cgk2-53 to 68 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) sandy
loam; common coarse distinct yellowish brown
(10YR 5/6) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky
structure; slightly sticky and nonplastic; common
white (10YR 8/1) calcium carbonate concretions
1 /8 to 1 inch in diameter; strongly effervescent;
moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
Cgk3-68 to 80 inches; light gray (10YR 6/1) sandy clay
loam; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)
and few fine distinct greenish gray (5GY 6/1)
mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure;
nonsticky and slightly plastic; slightly effervescent;
mildly alkaline.
The thickness of the solum is more than 35 inches.
Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to neutral in the
A and Ap horizons and from slightly acid to moderately
alkaline throughout the rest of the pedon.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3,
and chroma of 1 or 2; or it is neutral with value of 2.
Texture is sand, fine sand, or mucky fine sand.
Thickness ranges from 12 to 21 inches.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 7, and
chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is sand or fine sand.
Thickness ranges from 6 to 10 inches.
The Btg horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and
chroma of 1 or 2; or hue of 5Y, value of 5, and chroma
of 1 or 2 and can have mottles of gray, yellow, and
brown. Texture is sandy loam or sandy clay loam. Some
pedons have pockets of loamy fine sand or calcium
carbonate fragments and nodules 1 millimeter to 4
millimeters in size. Thickness ranges from 10 to 20
inches. The BCg horizon has hue of 10YR or 5Y, value
of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2. This horizon can have
mottles of gray, yellow, and brown. Texture is sandy
loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy clay loam. Some
pedons have pockets of loamy fine sand, calcium
carbonate fragments, and nodules that are 1 millimeter
Soil Survey
to 3 millimeters in size, or accumulations of soft marly
material. Thickness ranges from 3 to 28 inches.
The Cgk horizon has hue of 10YR, 5Y, or 5GY, value
of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1. Texture is loamy sand, sandy
loam, or sandy clay loam. This horizon can have pockets
of marl or shell and calcium carbonate fragments.
Gator Series
The soils of the Gator series are loamy, siliceous, euic,
hyperthermic Terric Medisaprists. They are very poorly
drained, moderately slowly permeable soils that formed
in moderately thick beds of hydrophytic plant remains
underlain by beds of loamy and sandy marine sediment.
These nearly level soils are in freshwater swamps and
marshes. Under natural conditions, the water table is
above the surface for most of the year except during
extended dry periods. In drained areas, the water table is
controlled at a depth of 10 to 36 inches or controlled
according to the need of the crop. The water table is at
or above the surface for short periods after heavy rainfall
and during normal periods of high seasonal rainfall. The
slope is 0 to 1 percent.
Gator soils are associated with Terra Ceia, Canova,
Delray, and Floridana soils. Terra Ceia soils have organic
layers that are more than 51 inches thick, Canova,
Delray, and Floridana soils are mineral soils. In addition,
Canova soils have a thin surface layer of organic
material and an argillic horizon within a depth of 20
inches of the surface. Floridana and Delray soils have a
mollic epipedon. In addition, Floridana soils have an
argillic horizon at a depth of 20 to 40 inches, and Delray
soils have an argillic horizon at a depth of 40 to 80
inches.
Typical pedon of Gator muck (fig. 15); in a pasture, 8.5
miles west of Fellsmere, 0.5 mile west of Lateral Q
Canal, 0.15 mile north of Ditch 13; Block 13 J;
NW1 /4NW1 /4NE1 /4, sec. 22, T. 31 S., R. 36 E.
Figure 15.—Profile of Gator muck underlain by sandy clay and sandy clay loam material. This soil Is well suited to Improved grasses.
Indian River County, Florida
iA
Oap-0 to 6 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) muck;
about 10 percent fiber unrubbed, less than 5
percent rubbed; weak fine subangular blocky
structure; very friable; common fine and very fine
roots; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sodium
pyrophosphate extract; slightly acid (pH 5.3 in 0.01
molar calcium chloride solution); clear smooth
boundary.
Oa-6 to 26 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) muck;
few common dark brown (10YR 3/3) streaks; about
40 percent fiber unrubbed, 5 percent rubbed;
moderate medium subangular blocky structure;
friable; many fine and very fine roots; brown (10YR
5/3) sodium pyrophosphate extract; slightly acid (pH
4.4 in 0.01 molar calcium chloride solution); abrupt
smooth boundary.
Cgi-26 to 30 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sandy
clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;
slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine and very
fine roots; few fine dark gray stains along root
channels; very strongly acid after drying; abrupt
smooth boundary.
Cg2-30 to 44 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) sandy clay
loam; moderate medium subangular blocky
structure; common (nonintersecting) pressure faces
on peds; slightly sticky and plastic; common fine
roots; medium acid after drying; gradual wavy
boundary.
Cg3-44 to 49 inches; dark gray (N 4/0) sandy clay
loam; moderate medium subangular blocky
structure; slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine
roots; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Cg4-49 to 54 inches; greenish gray (5GY 5/1) sandy
clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky
structure; slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common
fine and medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR
5/4) stains; few fine and medium light gray (10YR
7/1) calcium carbonate accumulations; slightly
effervescent; mildly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
Cg5-54 to 62 inches; greenish gray (5GY 5/1) sandy
clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky
structure; slightly sticky and nonplastic; common
medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) mottles;
common coarse light gray (5Y 7/1) calcium
carbonate accumulations; strongly effervescent; few
fine roots; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
Cg6-62 to 80 inches; greenish gray (5GY 5/1) sandy
clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;
nonsticky and nonplastic; common medium distinct
dark gray (5Y 4/1) streaks along old root channels;
common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR
5/8) sandy loam stains and splotches; slightly
effervescent; moderately alkaline.
The thickness of organic material and depth to mineral
material are less than 51 inches and commonly range
from 22 to 46 inches. Soil reaction is slightly acid to
mildly alkaline by the Hellige-Truog method in the Oap
and Oa horizons. After drying, it is very strongly acid to
moderately alkaline in the Cg1, Cg2, and Cg3 horizons
and is neutral to moderately alkaline in the Cg4, and Cg5
horizons and in the Cg6 horizon, if present.
The Oa or Oap horizon has hue of 10YR, 5YR, or N,
value of 2, and chroma of 2 or less; or hue of 5YR, value
of 2 or 3, and chroma of 2 or less. Sodium
pyrophosphate extract colors have hue of 10YR, value of
2 through 4, and chroma of 4 or less; or hue of 10YR,
value of 5, and chroma of 2 through 4; or hue of 10YR,
value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 or 4.
The Cg1, Cg2, and Cg3 horizons have hue of 10YR,
value of 2 through 4, and chroma of 1; or hue of 10YR,
value of 2, and chroma of 2; or they are neutral with
value of 2 through 4 and can have mottles and streaks
in shades of brown or gray. Texture is sandy loam,
sandy clay loam, or sandy clay. Clay content is 18 to 40
percent. If the clay content in these horizons is more
than 35 percent, the weighted average particle size of
the mineral layer in the control section still qualifies for a
loamy family.
The Cg4, Cg5, and Cg6 horizons have hue of 5GY or
5Y, value of 5, and chroma of 1 and can have light olive
brown, olive brown, and olive yellow mottles and streaks.
Texture is sandy clay loam or sandy loam that has
lenses of sand and loamy sand. Few to common, fine
and medium, soft and hard light gray fragments of
carbonatic material are in this horizon. In some pedons,
the Cg6 horizon is loamy sand.
Holopaw Series
The soils of the Holopaw series are loamy, siliceous,
hyperthermic Grossarenic Ochraqualfs. They are poorly
drained, moderately slowly permeable soils that formed
in thick beds of sandy and loamy marine sediment.
These nearly level soils are on broad low flats, in poorly
defined drainageways, and in depressional areas. The
water table is within a depth of 10 inches of the surface
for 2 to 6 months each year. The depressional areas are
ponded for 6 to 9 months or more. The slope ranges
from 0 to 2 percent.
Holopaw soils are associated with EauGallie, Malabar,
Oldsmar, Pineda, Riviera, and Wabasso soils. EauGallie,
Oldsmar, and Wabasso soils have a spodic horizon.
Malabar soils have a Bw horizon. Pineda and Riviera
soils have an argillic horizon at a depth of 20 to 40
inches. In addition Pineda soils have a Bw horizon.
Typical pedon of Holopaw fine sand; in a broad, low
flat planted to slash pine, about 1.25 miles south of
Indian River County Road 512; NE1 /4NW1 /4NW1 /4,
sec. 26, T. 31 S., R. 37 E.
Ap-0 to 5 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) fine sand;
mixture of organic matter and light gray sand grains,
salt -and -pepper appearance when dry; weak fine
4Z]
Soil Survey
granular structure; very friable; common fine roots;
slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
A-5 to 12 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine
sand; single grained; loose; few medium and fine
roots; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
E1-12 to 30 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sand;
single grained; loose; few medium roots; slightly
acid; clear smooth boundary.
E2-30 to 45 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine
sand; single grained; loose; slightly acid; abrupt
wavy boundary.
Btg-45 to 62 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sandy
loam; few fine faint yellowish brown mottles;
moderate medium subangular blocky structure;
slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common pockets
of brown (10YR 5/3) fine sand; neutral; gradual
wavy boundary.
Cg-62 to 80 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) loamy fine
sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure;
nonsticky and nonplastic; few pockets of brown
(10YR 5/3) fine sand; neutral.
The thickness of the solum ranges from 50 to 80
inches or more. Reaction is slightly acid or neutral in the
surface and subsurface layers and is slightly acid to
moderately alkaline in the subsoil and substratum.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 4,
and chroma of 2 or less. Thickness ranges from 2 to 13
inches, but if value is 3 or less, the thickness is less than
7 inches.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 7, and
chroma of 2 or less. This part of the E horizon can have
yellowish brown mottles; or the E horizon has hue of
10YR, value of 6, and chroma of 3. Texture of the A and
E horizons is sand or fine sand. The total thickness is
more than 40 inches.
The Btg horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 or
5, and chroma of 2 or less and has mottles in shades of
brown and yellow. Texture is sandy loam, fine sandy
loam, or sandy clay loam. Many pedons have pockets
and lenses of sand or fine sand. Thickness ranges from
12 to 20 inches. The BCg horizon, if present, has hue of
10YR to 5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 or less.
Texture is sandy loam or fine sandy loam. Some pedons
do not have a BCg horizon.
The Cg horizon has hue of 10YR or 5Y, value of 5,
and chroma of 2 or less. Texture is sand, fine sand,
loamy fine sand, or loamy sand.
Immokalee Series
The soils of the Immokalee series are sandy, siliceous,
hyperthermic Arenic Haplaquods. They are poorly
drained, moderately permeable soils that formed in beds
of sandy marine sediment. These nearly level soils are
on broad flatwoods. In most years, the water table is
within a depth of 10 inches of the surface for 1 to 3
months and at a depth of 10 to 40 inches for 6 to 9
months. The slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent.
Immokalee soils are associated with Astatula, Myakka,
Oldsmar, Pomello, Pompano, and Satellite soils. Astatula
soils do not have a Bh horizon within a depth of 30
inches of the surface and are excessively drained.
Myakka soils have a Bh horizon at a depth of 20 to 30
inches. Pomello soils are better drained than Immoaklee
soils. Oldsmar soils have an argillic horizon at a depth of
more than 40 inches. Pompano soils do not have a Bh
horizon. Satellite soils do not have a Bh horizon and are
somewhat poorly drained.
Typical pedon of Immokalee fine sand; on the
flatwoods, 20 feet east of Indian River County Road 505,
about 500 feet north of entrance to MacDonald State
Campground; SW1 /4, sec. 22, T. 31 S., R. 38 E.
A-0 to 5 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) fine sand;
mixture of organic matter and light gray sand grains,
salt -and -pepper appearance when dry; weak fine
granular structure; very friable; many fine and few
medium roots; very strongly acid; clear smooth
boundary.
E-5 to 35 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) fine sand;
single grained; loose; common medium and few fine
roots; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
Bh-35 to 55 inches; very dark gray (5YR 3/1) fine sand;
single grained; loose; sand grains well coated with
organic matter; few fine roots; very strongly acid;
clear wavy boundary.
BC-55 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sand; weak
fine subangular blocky structure; very friable;
strongly acid.
Depth to the spodic horizon ranges from 33 to 50
inches. Texture is sand or fine sand throughout.
Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to medium acid.
In some pedons that have shell fragments at a depth of
50 inches or more, the reaction is mildly alkaline.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3,
and chroma of 1 or 2; or hue of 10YR, value of 4, and
chroma of 1. Unrubbed colors often have a salt -and -
pepper appearance. Thickness ranges from 2 to 9
inches.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 5 to 8, and
chroma of 1; or hue of 10YR, value of 5, and chroma of
2. In some pedons, a transitional horizon 1 /2 inch to 2
inches thick is between the base of the E horizon and
the Bh horizon. Thickness ranges from 25 to 41 inches.
In addition, some pedons have a dense mat of partially
decomposed medium and fine roots underlain by the Bh
horizon.
The Bh horizon has hue of 10YR or 5YR, value of 2 or
3, and chroma of 1; or hue of 10YR or 5YR, value of 3,
and chroma of 2. Some pedons have very dark grayish
brown streaks or fragments of weakly cemented spodic
bodies. Some pedons also can be weakly cemented in
Indian River County, Florida
..
less than 50 percent of any subhorizon. Thickness
ranges from 12 to 28 inches. Some pedons have an E'
and Bh' horizon below the Bh horizon. The E' and Bh'
horizons have hue of 10YR, value of 5 to 8, and chroma
of 1; or hue of 10YR, value of 5, and chroma of 2; or
hue of 10YR or 5YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1;
or hue of 10YR or 5YR, value of 3, and chroma of 2.
The BC horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and
chroma of 3 or 4. Some pedons have a BC&Bh horizon.
The Bh part of the BC&Bh horizon has hue of 10YR or
5YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1; or hue of 10YR
or 5YR, value of 3, and chroma of 2.
The C horizon, if present, has hue of 10YR, value of 4
or 5, and chroma of 2.
Jonathan Series
The soils of the Jonathan series are sandy, siliceous,
hyperthermic, ortstein Typic Haplohumods. They are
somewhat excessively drained, slowly permeable to very
slowly permeable soils that formed in thick beds of
sandy marine sediment. These nearly level to gently
sloping soils are on the Atlantic Coastal Ridge and on
slightly elevated knolls on the flatwoods. The water table
is at a depth of 40 to 60 inches for 1 to 4 months during
periods of extremely high precipitation. It is below 60
inches for most of the remainder of the year. The slope
ranges from 0 to 5 percent.
Jonathan soils are associated with Immokalee,
Myakka, Pomello, Satellite, and St. Lucie soils. These
associated soils do not have an ortstein layer. In
addition, Immokalee and Myakka soils are poorly
drained. Pomello soils have a spodic horizon within a
depth of 50 inches of the surface and are moderately
well drained. Satellite and St. Lucie soils do not have a
spodic horizon. St. Lucie soils are excessively drained,
and Satellite soils are somewhat poorly drained.
Typical pedon of Jonathan sand, 0 to 5 percent
slopes; on the undisturbed flatwoods, about 1 /4 mile
west of railroad crossing, 0.45 mile south of South
Gifford Road, 112 mile south of power substation;
SW 1 /4SE1 /4SW 1 /4, sec. 26, T. 32 S., R. 39 E.
A-0 to 3 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) sand; single
grained; loose; many fine and very fine roots;
strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
E1-3 to 75 inches; white (10YR 8/1) sand; single
grained; loose; many fine and medium and few
coarse roots that decrease in number; medium acid;
abrupt wary boundary.
Bhm-75 to 80 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2)
sand; thin 1 centimeter black (5YR 2/1) surface
layer; strong medium subangular blocky structure;
60 to 75 percent strongly cemented; firm or very
firm; very strongly acid.
The thickness of the solum is more than 80 inches.
Depth to the spodic horizon is more than 50 inches.
Texture is sand or fine sand throughout. Reaction ranges
from very strongly acid to medium acid in the A and E
horizons and extremely acid to very strongly acid in the
Bh horizon.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 through 7,
and chroma of 1. Thickness ranges from 1 to 6 inches.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 7 or 8, and
chroma of 1. This horizon has stains and streaks of
darker colors in old root channels. The total thickness of
the A and E horizons is more than 50 inches.
In some pedons, a transitional layer is present
between the E and Bh horizons. It has hue of 10YR,
value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 1 or 2. In addition, a
dense mat of partially decomposed fine and medium
roots is underlain by the Bh horizon in some pedons.
The Bh horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2, and
chroma of 1 or 2; or hue of 5YR, value of 3, and chroma
of 2 or 3. Cementation is variable in most pedons, but
more than half of the Bh horizon in each pedon is
weakly to strongly cemented. In some pedons, this
horizon has pockets of E horizon material.
In a few pedons, a C horizon is at a depth of 80
inches. It has hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma
of 2 to 4. Texture is sand or fine sand.
Jupiter Series
The soils of the Jupiter series are sandy, siliceous,
hyperthermic Lithic Haplaquolls. They are poorly drained,
rapidly permeable soils that formed in thin beds of sandy
marine sediment underlain by fractured limestone
bedrock. These nearly level soils are on low flats and
hammocks. They are saturated during the wet periods.
The slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent.
Jupiter soils are associated with Boca, Chobee,
Floridana, Manatee, Wabasso, and Winder soils.
Chobee, Floridana, Manatee, Wabasso, and Winder soils
are not underlain by limestone and have an argillic
horizon. Boca, Wabasso, and Winder soils do not have a
mollic epipedon. In addition, Boca soils are underlain by
limestone at a depth of 22 to 40 inches. Also, Boca soils
have an argillic horizon.
Typical pedon of Jupiter fine sand; on a low hammock,
about 1-1/4 mile north of the St. Lucie -Indian River
County line; NE1 /4SW1 /4SE1 /4, sec. 28, T. 33 S., R. 39
E.
A1-0 to 5 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sand, very dark
gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine granular structure;
very friable; many fine and common medium roots;
many fine interstitial pores; common dark grayish
brown (10YR 4/2) uncoated sand grains; slightly
acid; clear wary boundary.
A2-5 to 12 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sand, very
dark brown (10YR 2/2) dry; single grained; loose;
common fine and few coarse roots; slightly acid;
abrupt irregular boundary.
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Soil Survey
2R-12 inches; hard fractured limestone bedrock;
fractures 1 inch to 4 inches wide, filled with A2
material, mixed with carbonatic material in places;
smooth to wavy rock surface, underside irregular
and broken.
Depth to limestone ranges from 10 to 20 inches in the
main part of each pedon but is at a depth of more than
20 inches where fractures occur. Reaction ranges from
slightly acid to moderately alkaline throughout.
The Ap or A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3,
and chroma of 1 or 2; or it is neutral with value of 2.
Uncrushed colors have a salt -and -pepper appearance.
Texture is sand or fine sand. Thickness ranges from 7 to
20 inches.
In some pedons, a C horizon is between the A horizon
and the limestone. The C horizon has hue of 10YR,
value of 4, and chroma of 2; or hue of 10YR, value of 5
through 7, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is sand or fine
sand. Thickness ranges from 0 to 6 inches. Also in some
pedons, a thin, discontinuous layer of soft weathered
limestone is on the surface of the bedrock.
The 2R horizon is limestone bedrock that has many
fractures and a few solution holes. The limestone is 10
to 24 inches or more thick. Solution holes contain light
gray to yellowish brown sand, sandy loam, marl, or
mixed loamy sand and marl material.
Kesson Series
The soils of the Kesson series are siliceous,
hyperthermic Typic Psammaquents. They are deep, very
poorly drained, moderately rapidly permeable soils that
formed in thick marine deposits of sand and shell
fragments. These nearly level soils are in tidal swamps
and marshes. These swamps and marshes are adjacent
to the Indian River. Under natural conditions, this soil is
flooded during normal high tides. The slope is less than
1 percent.
Kesson soils are associated with Captiva, McKee,
Pompano, Canaveral, and Palm Beach soils. Palm Beach
soils are excessively drained. Canaveral soils are
somewhat poorly drained to moderately well drained.
Pompano and Captiva soils are poorly drained. In
addition, Captiva, Pompano, Canaveral, and Palm Beach
soils do not have a muck surface. McKee soils are clay
loam in texture to a depth of 60 inches or more and are
very fluid when squeezed in the hand.
Typical pedon of Kesson muck; 1,000 feet west of
Florida State Road Al A; NE1/4SW1/4, sec. 20, T. 30 S.,
R. 369 E.
Oa-0 to 6 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) muck;
weak medium subangular blocky structure
resemblance; friable; about 30 percent fiber
unrubbed, less than 5 percent rubbed; many very
fine roots; strongly alkaline; abrupt smooth
boundary.
C1-6 to 30 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sand;
single grained; loose; many very fine and fine roots;
few fine and medium pockets of dark reddish brown
muck; about 15 percent shell fragments; strongly
alkaline; calcareous; gradual irregular boundary.
C2-30 to 38 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine
sand; single grained; loose; few very fine and fine
roots; common fine and medium very dark grayish
brown (10YR 3/2) streaks; about 20 percent shell
fragments; moderately alkaline; calcareous; clear
smooth boundary.
Cg-38 to 80 inches; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1) fine
sand; single grained; loose; few very fine roots;
about 25 percent shell fragments; few shell
fragments 3 to 30 millimeters in diameter;
calcareous; moderately alkaline.
Reaction ranges from mildly alkaline to strongly
alkaline, and the soil is calcareous. It does not become
extremely acid when dry. Below the Oa horizon, the
texture is sand or fine sand.
The Oa horizon has hue of 10YR or 5YR, value of 2 or
3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Thickness of the Oa horizon is
0 to 7 inches. The fiber content ranges from 30 to 40
percent unrubbed and is less than 10 percent rubbed.
An A horizon can be present in some pedons.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 5, and
chroma of 2 or 3. This horizon can. have a few, fine and
medium pockets of dark reddish brown or black muck.
Thickness ranges from 4 to 40 inches. The content of
shell fragments ranges from 5 to 20 percent. The Cg
horizon has hue of 10YR, 5Y, or 5GY, value of 4 to 6,
and chroma of 1 or 2; or hue of 5GY or 5G, value of 4,
and chroma of 1. The content of shell fragments ranges
from 3 to 30 percent.
Lokosee Series
The soils of the Lokosee series are loamy, siliceous,
hyperthermic Grossarenic Ochraqualfs. They are poorly
drained, slowly or very slowly permeable soils that
formed in thick beds of sandy and loamy marine
sediment. These nearly level soils are on low hammocks,
on broad low flats that are adjacent to the flatwoods,
and in poorly defined drainageways. In most years, the
water table is within a depth of 10 inches of the surface
for 2 to 4 months and at a depth of 10 to 40 inches for
more than 6 months. During extended dry periods, it
recedes to a depth of more than 40 inches. The slope
ranges from 0 to 2 percent.
Lokosee soils are associated with Holopaw, Pineda,
Riviera, Oldsmar, and EauGallie soils. Pineda and Riviera
soils have an argillic horizon at a depth of 20 to 40
inches. Holopaw and Riviera soils do not have a high
chroma Bw horizon. Oldsmar and EauGallie soils have a
spodic horizon.
Indian River County, Florida
101
Typical pedon of Lokosee fine sand; in a poorly
defined drainageway in Vero Lake Estates;
SW 1 /4NW 1 /4SW 1 /4, sec. 34, T. 31 S., R. 38 E.
A-0 to 3 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sand; single
grained; loose; many fine and medium roots; very
strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
E-3 to 10 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sand;
single grained; loose; common fine and medium
roots; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bw1-10 to 19 inches; mottled very pale brown (10YR
7/4) and brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sand; single
grained; loose; few fine and medium roots; neutral;
clear smooth boundary.
Bw2-19 to 30 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sand;
common medium and coarse prominent very pale
brown (10YR 7/4) mottles; single grained; loose;
neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bw3-30 to 35 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4)
sand; many coarse distinct brownish yellow (10YR
6/6) mottles; single grained; loose; neutral; clear
smooth boundary.
Bh-35 to 45 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) sand;
single grained; loose; slightly acid; clear smooth
boundary.
E'1-45 to 50 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)
sand; few fine faint dark grayish brown mottles;
single grained; loose; slightly acid; gradual smooth
boundary.
E'2-50 to 70 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) sand;
common medium prominent greenish gray (5GY
5/1) sandy loam pockets; single grained; loose;
neutral; abrupt irregular boundary.
Btg-70 to 80 inches; greenish gray (5GY 5/1) sandy
clay loam; common fine prominent very dark grayish
brown (10YR 3/2) streaks; weak medium subangular
blocky structure; very friable; slightly sticky and
nonplastic; moderately alkaline.
The thickness of the solum ranges from 46 to 80
inches or more. The combined thickness of the A, E, Bw,
and Bh horizons is more than 40 inches. Reaction in the
A horizon ranges from very strongly acid to slightly acid.
Reaction in the underlying horizons ranges from slightly
acid to moderately alkaline.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2
through 4, and chroma of 1 or 2. Thickness ranges from
3 to 7 inches. If the value is 3 or less, the A horizon is
less than 6 inches thick. Texture is sand or fine sand.
The E and E' horizons have hue of 10YR, value of 5
to 7, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is sand or fine sand.
The Bw horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 6 or 7,
chroma of 4 through 8; or hue of 7.5YR, value of 5 to 7,
and chroma of 6 to 8. Thickness of the Bw horizon
ranges from 16 to 25 inches. Texture is sand or fine
sand. The Bh horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4,
and chroma of 2 or 3. Thickness ranges from 4 to 20
inches. Texture is sand or fine sand. The Btg horizon
has hue of 10YR, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 1
or 2; or hue of 2.5Y or 5GY, value of 5, and chroma of 1
or 2 and can have very dark grayish brown or yellowish
brown streaks and mottles. Texture is sandy loam, fine
sandy loam, or sandy clay loam. In some pedons, this
horizon has few, fine to coarse streaks or pockets of
coarser material.
The Cg horizon, if present, has hue of 10YR, value of
5 or 6, and chroma of 1 or 2; or hue of 5Y, value of 6,
and chroma of 1. Texture is sand, fine sand, or loamy
fine sand.
Malabar Series
The soils of the Malabar series are loamy, siliceous,
hyperthermic Grossarenic Ochraqualfs. They are poorly
drained, slowly permeable to very slowly permeable soils
that formed in thick beds of sandy and loamy marine
sediment. These nearly level soils are in low, narrow to
broad sloughs, on flats, and in poorly defined
drainageways. The water table is at a depth of less than
10 inches of the surface for 2 to 6 months each year
and at a depth of 10 to 40 inches for most of the
remainder of the year. The slope ranges from 0 to 2
percent.
Malabar soils are associated with EauGallie, Floridana,
Oldsmar, Pineda, Riviera, and Wabasso soils. EauGallie,
Oldsmar, and Wabasso soils have a spodic horizon.
Floridana soils have a mollic epipedon and are very
poorly drained. Pineda soils have an argillic horizon at a
depth of 20 to 40 inches. Riviera soils do not have a
high chroma Bw horizon.
Typical pedon of Malabar fine sand; on a low, broad
flat, about 0.2 mile south of Oslo Road, 0.3 mile west of
33rd Avenue; NE1 /4SW 1 /4NW 1 /4, sec. 27, T. 33 S., R.
39 E.
A-0 to 3 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)
fine sand; mixture of organic matter and light gray
sand grains, salt -and -pepper appearance when dry;
weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine
and few medium roots; slightly acid; gradual smooth
boundary.
E1-3 to 10 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine
sand; single grained; loose; common fine and few
medium roots; medium acid; gradual wavy boundary.
E2-10 to 17 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)
fine sand; few fine distinct brownish yellow (10YR
6/8) mottles; single grained; loose; few fine roots;
slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bw1-17 to 34 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) fine
sand; single grained; loose; few fine and medium
roots; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bw2-34 to 41 inches; reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) fine
sand; single grained; loose; neutral; abrupt wavy
boundary.
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Soil Survey
Btg1-41 to 46 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)
sandy clay loam; few fine distinct yellowish red (5YR
4/6) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky
structure; slightly sticky and nonplastic; neutral;
gradual wavy boundary.
Btg2-46 to 55 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sandy loam; few
fine faint light brownish gray mottles; weak medium
subangular blocky structure; slightly sticky and
nonplastic; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy
boundary.
BCg-55 to 65 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sandy loam;
weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly sticky
and nonplastic; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy
boundary.
Cg-65 to 80 inches; gray (5Y 6/1) loamy sand; weak
fine subangular blocky structure; nonsticky and
nonplastic; moderately alkaline.
The thickness of the solum ranges from 46 to 80
inches or more. Reaction ranges from medium acid to
slightly acid in the surface and subsurface layers and
from slightly acid to moderately alkaline in the subsoil
and substratum.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 4,
and chroma of 1 or 2. Thickness ranges from 2 to 4
inches.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 6, chroma of
2 to 4; or hue of 10YR, value of 7, and chroma of 2 and
can have brownish yellow, grayish brown, or dark grayish
brown mottles or stains. Texture of the A and E horizons
is sand or fine sand. Total thickness of the E horizon
ranges from 9 to 14 inches.
The Bw horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 7, and
chroma of 4 to 8; or hue of 10YR, value of 6, and
chroma of 3 to 8; or hue of 7.5YR, value of 7, and
chroma of 6. Texture is sand or fine sand. Thickness
ranges from 24 to 37 inches. The Btg and BCg horizons
have hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2;
or hue of 5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1 or 2 and
can have mottles of dark yellowish brown, yellow, light
olive brown, or light brownish gray. Texture is sandy
loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy clay loam. A few
intrusions of a coarser -textured material from overlying
horizons are in the Btg horizon in many pedons. The
BCg horizon can also have loamy fine sandy texture.
The total thickness ranges from 12 to 24 inches or more.
The Cg horizon has hue of 5Y, value of 5 or 6, chroma
of 1. It is sand, fine sand, or loamy sand.
Manatee Series
The soils of the Manatee series are coarse -loamy,
siliceous, hyperthermic Typic Argiaquolls. They are very
poorly drained, moderately permeable soils that formed
in sandy and loamy marine sediment. These nearly level
soils are in depressions, in poorly defined drainageways,
and on broad, low flats. Under natural conditions, the
Manatee soils are covered with shallow water, or they
have a water table within a depth of 10 inches of the
surface for more than 6 months of most years. Runoff is
slow. The slope is dominantly less than 1 percent but
ranges to 2 percent.
Manatee soils are associated with Chobee, EauGallie,
Floridana, Jupiter, Pineda, Riviera, Wabasso, and Winder
soils. Chobee soils are in the fine -loamy family. Floridana
soils have a thick sandy surface layer and an albic
horizon. EauGallie, Jupiter, and Wabasso soils are poorly
drained and are in slightly higher positions on the
landscape than Manatee soils. In addition, EauGallie and
Wabasso soils have a spodic horizon, and Jupiter soils
are underlain by limestone at a depth of less than 20
inches. Pineda and Riviera soils are poorly drained and
have an argillic horizon at a depth of 20 to 40 inches. In
addition, Pineda soils have a Bw horizon. Winder soils
are poorly drained. They do not have a mollic epipedon
and have tongues of E horizon extending into the Bt
horizon.
Typical pedon of Manatee loamy fine sand; in a former
area of citrus, 0.2 mile south of Florida State Road 60
and Kings Highway intersection; SE1 /4NE1 /2SE1 /4,
sec. 5, T. 33 S., R. 39 E.
Ap-0 to 6 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy fine sand,
very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine granular
structure; very friable; common fine and few medium
roots; mildly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
A-6 to 12 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy fine sand;
weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly sticky
and slightly plastic; common fine roots; mildly
alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt-12 to 22 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) fine
sandy loam; moderate fine subangular blocky
structure; slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine
and medium roots; moderately alkaline; gradual
wavy boundary.
Btg-22 to 31 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) sandy loam;
few fine faint dark brown mottles; moderate fine
subangular blocky structure; slightly sticky and
slightly plastic; few fine roots; moderately alkaline;
gradual smooth boundary.
BCg-31 to 39 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)
loamy fine sand; few fine faint yellowish brown and
common fine distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2)
mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure;
slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine roots;
moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
Cg1-39 to 51 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)
loamy fine sand; few fine faint light yellowish brown
and few fine distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)
mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure;
slightly sticky and slightly plastic; moderately
alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
Cg2-51 to 80 inches; light gray (5Y 7/1) loamy fine
sand and shell fragments; massive; slightly sticky
and slightly plastic; moderately alkaline.
Indian River County, Florida
103
Reaction is medium acid to mildly alkaline in the A
horizon and mildly alkaline to moderately alkaline in the
B and C horizons.
The Ap and A horizons have hue of 10YR, value of 2,
and chroma of 1. These horizons are loamy fine sand
and fine sand. Thickness ranges from 10 to 12 inches.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 4, and
chroma of 1; or hue of 10YR, value of 4, and chroma of
2; or it is neutral with value of 2. The Bt horizon has
mottles of brown and grayish brown. This horizon is
loamy fine sand, fine sandy loam, and sandy loam.
Thickness ranges from 3 to 13 inches. The Btg horizon
has hue of 10YR or 5Y, value of 4 through 7, and
chroma of 1. Texture is fine sandy loam, sandy loam, ,or
sandy clay loam. Some pedons have small pockets or
streaks of fine sand or loamy fine sand. Thickness
ranges from 9 to 29 inches.
The BC horizon, if present, has hue of 10YR, value of
4, and chroma of 1 or 2; or hue of 2.5Y, value of 6, and
chroma of 2 and can have yellowish brown, light
yellowish brown, or brownish yellow mottles. This horizon
is loamy fine sand or sandy loam. Thickness ranges from
0 to 14 inches.
The Cg horizon has hue of 5GY or 5Y, value of 5 or 6,
and chroma of 1; or hue of 5Y, value of 7, and chroma
of 1; or hue of 2.5Y, value of 6, and chroma of 2 and
can have dark grayish brown or yellowish brown mottles.
Texture is fine sand, loamy fine sand, and sandy loam.
Shell fragments are in some pedons.
McKee Series
The soils of the McKee series are fine,
montmorillonitic, nonacid, hyperthermic Typic
Hydraquents. They are very poorly drained, very slowly
permeable soils that formed in loamy or clayey tidal
deposits. These level soils are on mangrove islands and
in swamps that are at or near sea level. Under natural
conditions, these soils remain saturated, and most areas
are inundated twice daily by fluctuating tides. Many areas
in the county have been leveed and are used as
mosquito control structures. The slope is less than 1
percent.
McKee soils are associated with Kesson,
Quartzipsamments, St. Augustine, and Riomar soils.
Kesson soils formed in thick marine deposits of sand
and shell fragments. Quartzipsamments are moderately
well drained to somewhat poorly drained, and St.
Augustine soils are somewhat poorly drained. These
soils were formed by dredging and filling operations, and
this dredge and fill material was spread over the surface
of former tidal areas and mangrove islands along the
Intracoastal Waterway. In addition, Quartzipsamments
soils consist of mixed sand and shell material, and St.
Augustine soils consist of a mixture of sand, shell
fragments, loamy and silty sediment, and a few
fragments of organic material. Riomar soils are underlain
by limestone at a depth of 20 to 40 inches.
Typical pedon of McKee mucky clay loam; in a
mangrove swamp, about 1.1 miles east of U.S. Highway
1 and South Gifford Road intersection, 1 /4 mile west of
Indian River, 40 feet north of mosquito impoundment
road; SW1 /4SE1 /4NE1 /4, sec. 25, T. 32 S., R. 39 E.
A-0 to 1 inch; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)
mucky clay loam; massive; nonsticky; very fluid,
flows easily between fingers when squeezed, leaves
little or no residue in hand; few to common
fragments of partly decomposed wood; about 20
percent organic matter; strongly saline; moderately
alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.
Cg1-1 to 15 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) clay
loam; massive; nonsticky; very fluid, flows easily
between fingers when squeezed; about 5 percent
organic matter; many fine and medium roots that
decrease with depth; strongly saline; moderately
alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
Cg2-15 to 40 inches; grayish green (5G 4/2) sandy
clay; massive; slightly sticky; very fluid, flows easily
between fingers when squeezed; few fine and
medium roots; strongly saline; moderately alkaline;
gradual smooth boundary.
Cg3-40 to 60 inches; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1)
sandy clay; massive; slightly sticky; very fluid, flows
easily between fingers when squeezed; few fine and
medium roots; strongly saline; moderately alkaline;
gradual smooth boundary.
Cg4-60 to 80 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) sandy loam;
massive; slightly sticky; very fluid to slightly fluid,
flows with some difficulty between fingers when
squeezed; moderately saline; moderately alkaline.
This soil has n value of more than 1 in all mineral
horizons to a depth of 40 inches or more and n value
ranging from more than 0.7 to 1 at a depth of more than
40 inches. Soil salinity is more than 16 millimhos per
centimeter to a depth of 60 inches and ranges from 8 to
16 millimhos per centimeter to a depth of 60 inches.
Reaction ranges from neutral to moderately alkaline
throughout. Some areas of soils have a high amount of
sulfide that becomes extremely acid after prolonged
exposure to air. The mineral layers in the 10- to 40-
inches control section are about 35 to 59 percent clay
content. A few pedons have an organic surface layer
that is 1 inch to 4 inches thick. Some pedons are
underlain by limestone at a depth of more than 40
inches.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and
chroma of 2 or less; or hue of 5YR, value of 2, and
chroma of 2 or less; or hue of 5Y, value of 4 or 5, and
chroma of 1; or it is neutral with value of 4 or less.
Texture is clay, clay loam, sandy clay, mucky clay loam,
or silty clay. Few to common fragments of partly
104
Soil Survey
decomposed wood and leaves are in this horizon.
Thickness ranges from 0 to 3 inches.
The Cg horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and
chroma of 1; or hue of 5Y, 5GY, 5G, or 5BG, value of 4
through 6, and chroma of 1; or it is neutral with value of
4 or less. Texture is clay, clay loam, sandy clay, or silty
clay to a depth of 40 inches or more. Below that are
textures of sandy clay loam, sandy loam, and fine sandy
loam. Some pedons have a 2Cg horizon that has texture
of fine sand, sand, or sand mixed with shell fragments at
a depth of more than 60 inches.
The combined thickness of the A and Cg horizons is
more than 40 inches.
Myakka Series
The soils of the Myakka series are sandy, siliceous,
hyperthermic Aeric Haplaquods. They are poorly drained,
moderately permeable to moderately rapidly permeable
soils that formed in beds of sandy marine sediment.
These nearly level soils are on broad flatwoods and in
depressions. In most years, the water table is within a
depth of 10 inches of the surface for 1 to 3 months and
at a depth of 10 to 40 inches for 6 to 9 months.
Depressional areas are ponded for 6 months or more
each year. The slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent.
Myakka soils are associated with EauGallie,
Immokalee, Jonathan, Oldsmar, Pepper, Pomello, and
Archbold soils. EauGallie and Pepper soils have an
argillic horizon below the Bh horizon. In addition, Pepper
soils have an ortstein horizon. Jonathan soils have an
ortstein horizon and are better drained than the Myakka
soils. Immokalee and Pomello soils have a Bh horizon
that is deeper than the Bh horizon in the Myakka soils.
In addition, Pomello soils are better drained than the
Myakka soils. Oldsmar soils have a Bh horizon at a
depth of more than 30 inches and have an argillic
horizon at a depth of more than 40 inches. Archbold
soils do not have a Bh horizon and are moderately well
drained.
Typical pedon of Myakka fine sand; on the flatwoods,
1 /4 mile east of intersection of Kings Highway and North
Winter Beach Road, 100 feet north of North Winter
Beach Road; SW1 /4SE1 /4SW1 /4, sec. 4, T. 32 S., R.
39 E.
A-0 to 5 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sand; weak fine
granular structure; very friable; many fine and
common medium roots; slightly acid; clear smooth
boundary.
El —5 to 20 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sand;
single grained; loose; common medium and few fine
roots; medium acid; gradual smooth boundary.
E2-20 to 28 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine
sand; single grained; loose; common medium roots;
medium acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
Bh1-28 to 31 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sand; weak
fine subangular blocky structure; friable; dense mat
of partially decomposed fine and medium roots in
the upper part; sand grains well coated with organic
matter; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bh2-31 to 39 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3)
fine sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure;
friable; few fine distinct very dark gray (5YR 3/1)
streaks; medium acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bh3-39 to 50 inches; black (5YR 2/1) fine sand; weak
fine subangular blocky structure; friable; sand grains
well coated with organic matter; medium acid; clear
smooth boundary.
Bh4-50 to 58 inches; black (10YR 2/ 1) fine sand; weak
fine subangular blocky structure; friable; less than 50
percent weakly cemented; sand grains well coated
with organic matter; medium acid; clear smooth
boundary.
Bh/BC-58 to 68 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR
3/2) fine sand; single grained; loose; medium acid;
clear smooth boundary.
BC-68 to 80 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) fine sand;
single grained; loose; medium acid.
The thickness of the solum is more than 60 inches.
Depth to the spodic horizon ranges from 16 to 29
inches. The texture is sand or fine sand. Reaction
ranges from extremely acid to slightly acid. In some
pedons that have shell fragments at a depth of 50
inches or more, reaction ranges from neutral to
moderately alkaline.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and
chroma of 1. Unrubbed colors often have a salt -and -
pepper appearance. The E horizon has hue of 10YR,
value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1; or hue of 10YR, value
of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2. The total thickness of the A
and E horizons is less than 30 inches.
The Bh horizon has hue of 5YR or 10YR, value of 2 or
3, and chroma of 1 to 3; or it is neutral with value of 2.
Some pedons have very dark gray streaks or fragments
of weakly cemented spodic bodies. In addition, some
pedons have a dense mat of partially decomposed
medium and fine roots overlying the Bh horizon and also
can be weakly cemented in less than 50 percent of any
subhorizon. The thickness of the Bh horizon ranges from
9 to 30 inches. The BC horizon and the BC part of the
Bh/BC horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and
chroma of 2 or 3. The Bh part has hue of 5YR or 10YR,
value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 to 3.
Some pedons have an E' and B'h horizon below the
Bh horizon. Colors are similar to those of the E horizon
and the Bh horizon.
The C horizon, if present, has hue of 10YR, value of 5,
chroma of 1 or 2.
Oldsmar Series
The soils of the Oldsmar series are sandy, siliceous,
hyperthermic Alfic Arenic Haplaquods. They are poorly
Indian River County, Florida
105
drained, slowly permeable soils that formed in sandy and
loamy marine sediment. These nearly level soils are on
broad flatwoods and in depressional areas on the
flatwoods. In most years, the water table is at a depth of
10 to 40 inches for more than 6 months and at a depth
of less than 10 inches for 1 to 2 months. The slope
ranges from 0 to 2 percent.
Oldsmar soils are associated with EauGallie, Holopaw,
Lokosee, Malabar, Pineda, Riviera, and Wabasso soils.
Holopaw, Lokosee, Malabar, Pineda, and Riviera soils do
not have a Bh horizon. Lokosee, Malabar, and Pineda
soils have a Bw horizon. Pineda and Riviera soils have
an argillic horizon within a depth of 20 to 40 inches of
the surface. EauGallie soils have a spodic horizon within
a depth of 30 inches. Wabasso soils have an argillic
horizon within a depth of 40 inches.
Typical pedon of Oldsmar fine sand; on the flatwoods,
about 0.3 mile east of U.S. Interstate Highway 95, 150
feet north of Indian River -St. Lucie County line;
SE1 /4SW 1 /4SW 1 /4, sec. 31, T. 33 S., R. 39 E.
A-0 to 5 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sand; weak fine
granular structure; very friable; many fine and few
medium roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
E-5 to 32 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine
sand; single grained; loose; few medium and fine
roots; medium acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
Bh1-32 to 35 inches; black (5YR 2/1) fine sand; weak
fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine
roots; sand grains well coated with organic matter;
slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bh2-35 to 43 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2)
fine sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure;
friable; sand grains well coated with organic matter;
very slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
Bh3-43 to 50 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) fine sand;
single grained; loose; few very dark gray (10YR 3/1)
streaks and pockets; slightly acid; abrupt wavy
boundary.
Btg-50 to 62 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) sandy
loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;
slightly sticky and slightly plastic; sand grains coated
and bridged with clay; slightly acid; gradual smooth
boundary.
Cg-62 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)
loamy fine sand; massive; slightly sticky; slightly
acid.
The thickness of the solum is more than 60 inches.
Depth to the spodic horizon ranges from 32 to 35
inches, and depth to the argillic horizon ranges from 42
to 50 inches. The A, E, and Bh horizons are sand or fine
sand.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 4, and
chroma of 1; or hue of 10YR, value of 3, and chroma of
2. Unrubbed colors often have a salt -and -pepper
appearance. The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 5
or 7, and chroma of 1; or hue of 10YR, value of 6, and
chroma of 2. The total thickness of the A and E horizons
is more than 30 inches. Reaction ranges from strongly
acid to neutral or from strongly acid to moderately
alkaline if the surface has been limed. Some pedons
have a dense mat of partially decomposed medium and
fine roots underlain by a Bh horizon.
The Bh horizon has hue of 5YR, value of 2, and
chroma of 1; or hue of 5YR, value of 3, and chroma of 2;
or hue of 10YR, value of 2, and chroma of 1. Hue of
10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 3 are at a lower
depth as a transitional horizon. The Bh horizon can be
weakly cemented in less than 50 percent of each pedon.
Thickness ranges from 5 to 18 inches. Reaction is
medium acid or slightly acid. The Btg horizon has hue of
2.5Y, 5Y, or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2; or
hue of 2.5Y, 5Y, or 10YR, value of 4, and chroma of 1;
or hue of 5GY, value of 1, and chroma of 6 and can
have dark grayish brown mottles. Texture is fine sandy
loam, sandy loam, or sandy clay loam. Depth to the Btg
horizon ranges from 42 to 50 inches. In some pedons,
the Btg horizon is underlain by loamy fine sand or loamy
sand and shell fragments.
The Cg horizon is at a depth of more than 50 inches.
Reaction ranges from slightly acid to moderately alkaline.
Orsino Series
The soils of the Orsino series are hyperthermic,
uncoated Spodic Quartzipsamments. They are
moderately well drained, very rapidly permeable soils
that formed in sandy marine and eolian deposits. These
nearly level to gently sloping soils are on slightly
elevated ridges and knolls that are adjacent to streams
and drainageways. A water table is at a depth of 40 to
60 inches for 6 months or more during most years. The
slope ranges from 0 to 5 percent.
Orsino soils are associated with Immokalee, Satellite,
and St. Lucie soils. Immokalee soils have a spodic
horizon and are poorly drained. Satellite and St. Lucie
soils do not have a B horizon within a depth of 80
inches. In addition, Satellite soils are somewhat poorly
drained and St. Lucie soils are excessively drained.
Typical pedon of Orsino fine sand, 0 to 5 percent
slopes; in a wooded area, about 400 feet west of Indian
River County Road 505, in the MacDonald State
Campground; NE1 /4NE1 /4SW1 /4, sec. 22, T. 31 S., R.
38 E.
A-0 to 2 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) fine sand; single
grained; loose; many fine and medium and few
coarse roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy
boundary.
E-2 to 23 inches; white (10YR 8/1) fine sand; single
grained; loose; common fine and medium and few
coarse roots; very strongly acid; abrupt irregular
boundary.
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Soil Survey
Bw1 &Bh-23 to 26 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR
3/2) fine sand in discontinuous lenses 1 centimeter
to 5 centimeters thick, separated by brown (7.5YR
4/4) fine sand; single grained; loose; few fine and
coarse and common medium roots; very strongly
acid; clear irregular boundary.
Bw2&Bh-26 to 43 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) fine sand;
common coarse prominent dark reddish brown (5YR
3/2) discontinuous lenses 1 centimeter to 3
centimeters thick; single grained; loose; many fine
and medium and few coarse roots; very strongly
acid; gradual wavy boundary.
BC-43 to 62 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) fine
sand; few medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR
6/6) streaks; single grained; loose; few fine and
medium roots; very strongly acid; gradual irregular
boundary.
C-62 to 80 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) fine sand; few
fine and medium 1 centimeter to 3 centimeters in
diameter prominent black (10YR 2/1) spodic bodies,
firm to weakly cemented; single grained; loose; few
fine and medium roots; strongly acid.
Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to medium
acid throughout. Texture is sand or fine sand to a depth
of 80 inches or more. The content of silt and clay is less
than 5 percent in the 10- to 40-inch control section.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and
chroma of 1. Thickness is less than 5 inches.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 7 or 8, and
chroma of 1 or 2. Thickness ranges from about 14 to 32
inches.
In the Bw&Bh horizon, the Bw part has hue of 10YR,
value of 5, and chroma of 4 to 8; or hue of 10YR, value
of 6, and chroma of 3 to 6; or hue of 7.5YR, value of 4,
and chroma of 4. Light gray or white tongues of the E
horizon extend into the Bw&Bh horizon. In some pedons,
thin discontinuous layers or lenses of the Bh horizon are
at the place of contact between the E horizon and the
Bw&Bh horizon. These layers and the Bh part of the
Bw&Bh horizon have hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and
chroma of 2; or hue of 5YR, value of 3, and chroma of 2
to 4; or hue of 10YR, value of 4, and chroma of 3. The
Bh horizon also occurs as weakly cemented to
noncemented bodies or splotches. The Bw&Bh horizon
ranges from about 14 to 30 inches. The BC horizon, if
present, has hue of 10YR, value of 5, and chroma of 4
to 8; or hue of 10YR, value of 6, and chroma of 3 to 6;
or hue of 7.5YR, value of 4, and chroma of 4; or hue of
10YR, value of 6 or 7, and chroma of 3 or 4; or hue of
10YR, value of 8, and chroma of 1 to 4 and can have
yellowish brown, brownish yellow, or yellow stains or
mottles. Thickness of the BC horizon ranges from 0 to
more than 27 inches.
The C horizon, if present, has hue of 10YR, value of 6
or 7, and chroma of 3 or 4; or hue of 10YR, value of 8,
and chroma of 1 to 4.
Palm Beach Series
The soils of the Palm Beach series are hyperthermic,
uncoated Typic Quartzipsamments. They are well
drained to excessively drained, very rapidly permeable,
droughty soils that formed in thick beds of marine sand
and shell fragments. These nearly level to gently sloping
soils are on dunelike ridges that are parallel to the coast.
The slope ranges from 0 to 5 percent.
Palm Beach soils are associated with Canaveral and
St. Augustine soils. Canaveral soils are more poorly
drained and are in lower positions on the landscape than
Palm Beach soils. The somewhat poorly drained St.
Augustine soils were formed by dredging and filling
operations. These soils consist of mixed mineral
materials and shell fragments.
Typical pedon of Palm Beach sand, 0 to 5 percent
slopes; in an area of dense, subtropical hardwoods and
shrubs, about 0.1 mile north of Jungle Trail, 75 feet east
of Florida State Highway Al A; NE1/4NE1/4, sec. 1, T.
32 S., R. 40 E.
A-0 to 4 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sand; single
grained; loose; common fine and medium roots;
about 10 percent sand -size shell fragments;
moderately alkaline; strongly effervescent; abrupt
smooth boundary.
C1-4 to 20 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sand;
single grained; loose; few fine roots; about 40
percent sand -size shell fragments; moderately
alkaline; strongly effervescent; clear smooth
boundary.
C2-20 to 65 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) sand;
single grained; loose; about 30 percent sand -size
shell fragments; moderately alkaline; strongly
effervescent; clear smooth boundary.
C3-65 to 80 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) sand;
single grained; loose; about 50 percent sand -size
shell fragments; moderately alkaline; strongly
effervescent.
All horizons have weak to strong effervescence when
mixed with dilute hydrochloric acid. Reaction is
moderately alkaline throughout. Texture is sand or fine
sand.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and
chroma of 1 or 2. Sand -size shell fragments make up 5
to 20 percent, by volume, of the A horizon. Thickness
ranges from 2 to 10 inches.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 7, and
chroma of 1 to 3. In most pedons, the C horizon is made
up of stratified layers of fine sand and shells or shell
fragments. Mostly, sand -size shell fragments range from
5 to more than 50 percent. These fragments are 1
centimeter or more in diameter.
Indian River County, Florida
107
Paola Series
The soils of the Paola series are hyperthermic,
uncoated Spodic Quartzipsamments. They are
excessively drained, very rapidly permeable soils that
formed in thick deposits of marine or eolian sand. These
nearly level to gently sloping soils are on the Atlantic
Coastal Ridge. The water table is at a depth of more
than 72 inches. The slope ranges from 0 to 5 percent.
Paola soils are associated with Archbold, Astatula,
Pomello, Satellite, and St. Lucie soils. Astatula soils do
not have an E horizon. Satellite, St. Lucie, and Archbold
soils do not have a B horizon. In addition, Satellite soils
are somewhat poorly drained, and Archbold soils are
moderately well drained. Pomello soils have a spodic
horizon and are moderately well drained.
Typical pedon of Paola sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes;
300 feet west of Old Dixie Highway; SE1 /4SW1 /4, sec.
30, T. 33 S., R. 40 E.
A-0 to 2 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) sand; single
grained; loose; many very fine and fine, common
and few coarse roots; slightly acid; clear wavy
boundary.
E-2 to 9 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sand; single
grained; loose; common medium, few fine and
coarse roots; medium acid; clear wavy boundary.
B/E-9 to 12 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sand;
single grained; loose; many medium, few fine and
coarse roots; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bw-12 to 80 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sand;
single grained; loose; many fine and medium and
few coarse roots to a depth of 42 inches that
decrease with depth; very strongly acid.
Reaction is very strongly acid to slightly acid
throughout. Texture is sand to a depth of more than 80
inches.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and
chroma of 1. It is 2 to 5 inches thick. The E horizon has
hue of 10YR, value of 6 to 8, and chroma of 1; or hue of
10YR, value of 5, and chroma of 2. The total thickness
of the A and E horizons ranges from about 8 to 23
inches.
In the B/E horizon, the B part has hue 10YR, value of
5 to 7, and chroma of 4 to 8; or hue of 7.5YR, value of
5, and chroma of 8. Some pedons have weakly
cemented, dark yellowish brown sandy concretions. The
Bw horizon generally extends to a depth of more than 80
inches. This horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 5 to 7,
and chroma of 4 to 8; or hue of 7.5YR, value of 5, and
chroma of 8.
Pepper Series
The soils of the Pepper series are sandy, siliceous,
hyperthermic, ortstein Alfic Haplaquods. They are poorly
drained, slowly permeable or very slowly permeable soils
that formed in thick beds of sandy and loamy marine
sediment. These nearly level soils are on broad
flatwoods. In most years, the water table is within a
depth of 10 inches of the surface for 2 to 4 months in
wet periods and within a depth of about 40 inches for
more than 6 months. The slope ranges from 0 to 2
percent.
Pepper soils are associated with EauGallie, Floridana,
Malabar, Myakka, Riviera, Oldsmar, Wabasso, and
Winder soils. EauGallie, Myakka, Oldsmar, and Wabasso
soils do not have an ortstein horizon. In addition, Myakka
soils do not have an argillic horizon, and Oldsmar soils
have a spodic horizon at a depth of more than 30
inches. Floridana, Malabar, Riviera, and Winder soils do
not have a spodic horizon. In addition, Floridana soils
have a mollic epipedon and are very poorly drained, and
Malabar soils have a high chroma Bw horizon.
Typical pedon of Pepper sand; on the flatwoods, 100
feet west of Indian River County Road 609, 0.5 mile
north of Oslo Road; NE1 /4NE1 /4SE1 /4, sec. 23, T. 33
S., R. 38 E.
A11-0 to 2 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sand;
weak fine granular structure; very friable; many very
fine and common medium and few coarse roots;
very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
A2-2 to 8 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) sand; single
grained; loose; many very fine, common medium
and few coarse roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy
boundary.
E-8 to 22 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sand; single grained;
loose; common very fine and fine roots; very
strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
Bh-22 to 27 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sand; moderate
fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine
decomposed roots; sand grains well coated with
organic matter; extremely acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bhm-27 to 32 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sand; massive;
firm; strongly cemented; many fine decomposed
roots; sand grains well coated with organic matter;
extremely acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bh'-32 to 39 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) sand,
weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable;
very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
BE-39 to 47 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)
sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very
friable; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
Btg-47 to 60 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sandy
loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;
few fine faint dark grayish brown streaks; slightly
sticky and nonplastic; strongly acid.
The thickness of the solum is more than 50 inches.
Depth to the spodic horizon ranges from 22 to 28
inches, and the depth to the argillic horizon ranges from
42 to 70 inches.
108
Soil Survey
The A horizon has rubbed hue of 10YR, value of 2 to
4, and chroma of 1. Unrubbed colors often have a salt -
and -pepper appearance. Thickness ranges from 6 to 8
inches. Texture is sand or fine sand. Reaction ranges
from very strongly acid to medium acid. The E horizon
has hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1 or 2.
Reaction ranges from very strongly acid except where
the surface layer has been limed. Texture is sand or fine
sand. The total thickness of the A and E horizons is less
than 30 inches. Some pedons have a dense mat of
partially decomposed medium and fine roots that is
underlain by the Bh horizon.
The Bh horizon has hue of 10YR or 5YR, value of 2 or
3, and chroma of 1 to 3; or it is neutral with value of 2.
Reaction ranges from extremely acid to slightly acid.
Texture is sand or fine sand. Sand grains are well coated
with organic matter.
The Bhm horizon has hue of 10YR or 5YR, value of 2
or 3, and chroma of 1 to 3; or it is neutral with value of
2. In more than half of each pedon, this weakly
cemented subhorizon is 1 inch or more thick.
Consistence is very firm in weakly cemented parts of the
Bhm horizon to very friable in the parts that are not
cemented. Sand grains are well coated with organic
matter. Texture is sand or fine sand. Reaction ranges
from extremely acid to slightly acid.
The Bh' horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3, and
chroma of 3; or hue of 10YR, value of 4, and chroma of
2. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to slightly acid.
Texture is fine sand. Thickness ranges from 1 to 4
inches.
Some pedons have a BE horizon between the Bh' and
Btg horizons. If present, it has hue of 10YR, value of 4
or 5, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is fine sand.
Thickness ranges from 1 to 8 inches. Reaction is
strongly acid or very strongly acid.
The Btg horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and
chroma of 2; or hue of 5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma
of 2; or hue of 2.5Y, value of 6, and chroma of 2 and
can have dark brown and olive brown mottles or streaks.
Texture is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy clay
loam. Thickness ranges from about 8 to 20 inches.
Reaction ranges from strongly acid to mildly alkaline.
The Cg horizon, if present, has hue of 5Y or 2.5Y,
value of 6, and chroma of 2; or hue of 5Y, value of 5,
and chroma of 1. Texture is loamy sand or loamy fine
sand. Reaction ranges from slightly acid to mildly
alkaline.
Perrine Variant
The soils of the Perrine Variant are fine -loamy,
carbonatic, hyperthermic Typic Fluvaquents. They are
poorly drained, moderately slowly permeable to
moderately permeable soils that formed in calcareous,
sandy and loamy sediment of marine or freshwater
origin. These nearly level soils are on narrow to broad,
elongated, low flats. Under natural conditions, the water
table is within 10 inches of the surface about 30 to 50
percent of the time for more than 6 months in most
years. In some places, the water table fluctuates with the
tide. The slope is less than 1 percent.
Perrine Variant soils are associated with Chobee and
Boca soils. Chobee soils are very poorly drained and
have a Bt horizon at a depth of less than 20 inches.
These soils are not underlain by limestone. Boca soils
have an argillic horizon.
Typical pedon of Perrine Variant fine sandy loam; in an
area cleared for citrus, 1-1/2 miles east of U.S. Highway
1, about 500 feet north of North Winter Beach Road;
SW1 /4SW1 /4SW1 /4, sec. 2, T. 32 S., R. 39 E.
Ap-0 to 6 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) fine sandy
loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very
friable; common fine and medium roots; neutral;
clear smooth boundary.
Cgk1-6 to 20 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sandy clay loam;
weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable;
common fine and medium roots; dark yellowish
brown stains along old root channels; few fine shell
fragments; strongly effervescent, moderately
alkaline; gradual irregular boundary.
Cgk2-20 to 24 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sandy clay
loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly
sticky; common fine shell fragments and small white
to light brownish gray carbonate nodules and
limestone pieces; few medium roots; strongly
effervescent, moderately alkaline; abrupt irregular
boundary.
R-24 to 36 inches; hard continuous ledge of light
brownish gray limestone.
Thickness and depth to weathered limestone bedrock
range from 20 to 40 inches. Reaction is neutral to
moderately alkaline in the A or Ap horizon and
moderately alkaline in the Cgk horizon.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3, and
chroma of 1 or 2. A thin layer of organic material covers
the A horizon in some pedons. The total thickness of the
A or Ap horizon ranges from 5 to 9 inches. The A
horizon has none to strong effervescence in 0.1 normal
hydrochloric acid. Texture is fine sandy loam. In some
farming areas, sand and loamy fine sand fill has been
added to the surface.
The Cgk horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6,
and chroma of 1 or 2 and can have dark brown or dark
yellowish brown stains along root channels. Texture is
loam or sandy clay loam. The Cgk horizon is strongly
effervescent in 0.1 normal hydrochloric acid. Few to
common fine shell fragments and small white carbonate
nodules are present in some pedons. Thickness ranges
from 14 to 19 inches.
The R horizon is a hard continuous ledge of light
brownish gray to brownish yellow limestone. The surface
Indian River County, Florida
109
is smooth to wavy. Solution holes are few and extend 1
foot to 2 feet into the limestone. They are filled with
sand, silt loam, loam, or soft carbonatic material. Some
pedons have a few inches of limestone fragments in a
matrix of almost liquid carbonates underlain by a rock
surface.
Pineda Series
The soils of the Pineda series are loamy, siliceous,
hyperthermic Arenic Glossaqualfs. They are deep, poorly
drained, slowly permeable to very slowly permeable soils
that formed in thick beds of sandy and loamy marine
sediment. These nearly level soils are on low hammocks
and in broad, poorly defined sloughs. In most years, the
water table is within a depth of 10 inches of the surface
for 1 to 6 months and at a depth of 10 to 40 inches for
more than 6 months. It recedes to a depth of more than
40 inches during extended dry periods. The slope ranges
from 0 to 2 percent.
Pineda soils are associated with EauGallie, Jupiter,
Riviera, Wabasso, and Winder soils. EauGallie and
Wabasso soils have a spodic horizon. In Jupiter soils,
limestone is at a depth of about 20 inches. Riviera and
Winder soils do not have a Bw horizon. In addition,
Winder soils have an argillic horizon at a depth of about
20 inches.
Typical pedon of Pineda fine sand; in a grove, about 3
miles west of Vero Beach; NW1 /4NW1 /4SW1 /4, sec. 6,
T. 33 S., R. 40 E.
Ap-0 to 4 inches; black (10YR 3/1) fine sand; single
grained; loose; few medium and many fine roots;
slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
E-4 to 9 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine
sand; single grained; loose; slightly acid; clear
smooth boundary.
Bw1-9 to 17 inches; yellow (10YR 7/6) fine sand; few
medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) mottles;
single grained; loose; slightly acid; gradual smooth
boundary.
Bw2-17 to 23 inches; yellow (10YR 7/8) fine sand; few
medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) mottles;
single grained; loose; slightly acid; abrupt irregular
boundary.
Btg1-23 to 27 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sandy loam;
common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)
mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky
structure; sand grains coated and bridged with clay;
few large yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loamy fine
sand tongues and pockets; slightly acid; clear wavy
boundary.
Btg2-27 to 31 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) sandy loam; few
fine distinct dark brown (10YR 4/3) and light olive
brown (2.5Y 5/6) mottles; moderate medium
subangular blocky structure; neutral; gradual smooth
boundary.
BCg-31 to 40 inches; greenish gray (5GY 5/1) sandy
loam; few medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y
5/6) and few fine faint olive yellow mottles; weak
moderate subangular blocky structure; moderately
alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
Cg1-40 to 52 inches; greenish gray (5GY 5/1) loamy
sand; few fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)
mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure;
moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
Cg2-52 to 80 inches; greenish gray (5GY 6/1) loamy
sand; 3 percent shell fragments; massive; neutral.
The thickness of the solum is 40 to 80 inches. The
combined thickness of the A and Bw horizons is 20 to
40 inches. The A and B horizons range from strongly
acid to mildly alkaline. The C horizon is slightly acid to
moderately alkaline.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2
through 4, and chroma of 1; or hue of 10YR, value of 5,
and chroma of 2. Thickness ranges from 2 to 9 inches.
Texture is sand or fine sand.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and
chroma of 2. Thickness ranges from 5 to 9 inches.
Texture is sand or fine sand.
The Bw horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and
chroma of 6 to 8. The E' horizon has hue of 10YR, value
of 6 to 8, and chroma of 3 or 4. Thickness of the Bw
horizon ranges from 4 to 16 inches. Texture is sand or
fine sand. In some pedons, a thin discontinuous dark
brown to black Bh horizon is at the base of the Bw
horizon. The Btg horizon is sandy loam or sandy clay
loam. Tongues of a coarser material extend into this
horizon from the horizons above. This material has hue
of 10YR, value of 6 to 8, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture
is sand or fine sand. The Btg horizon has hue of 10YR,
5Y, or 5BG, value of 5, and chroma of 1; or hue of 5Y,
value of 4, and chroma of 1; or hue of 2.5Y, value of 4,
and chroma of 2. Mottles are yellowish brown, olive, or
olive yellow. The BCg horizon, if present, has hue of
5GY or 2.5Y, value of 5, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture
ranges from sandy loam to sandy clay loam. Thickness
ranges from 13 to 27 inches.
The Cg horizon has hue of 5Y, 5GY, or 5BG, value of
5, and chroma of 1 or 2; or hue of 5GY, value of 6, and
chroma of 1. Texture ranges from loamy fine sand to
sandy clay loam. The Cg horizon consists of few to
many sand -size shell fragments.
Pomello Series
The soils of the Pomello series are sandy, siliceous,
hyperthermic Arenic Haplohumods. They are moderately
well drained, moderately rapidly permeable soils that
formed in thick beds of sandy marine sediment. These
nearly level to gently sloping soils are on low ridges and
knolls on the flatwoods. The water table is at a depth of
24 to 40 inches for about 1 to 4 months during wet
110
Soil Survey
periods and at a depth of 40 to 60 inches during drier
periods. The slope ranges from 0 to 5 percent.
Pomello soils are associated with Astatula, Immokalee,
Myakka, Satellite, and Archbold soils. Immokalee and
Myakka soils are poorly drained. Astatula, Satellite, and
Archbold soils do not have a spodic horizon. In addition,
Astatula soils are excessively drained, and Satellite soils
are somewhat poorly drained.
Typical pedon of Pomello sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes;
on a low knoll on the flatwoods; NW1 /4NW1 /4SE1 /4,
sec. 7, T. 31 S., R. 39 E.
A-0 to 2 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sand, when rubbed,
mixture of organic matter and light gray sand, salt -
and -pepper appearance when dry; weak fine
granular structure; very friable; few fine and medium
roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
E1-2 to 20 inches; white (10YR 8/1) sand; single
grained; loose; few fine and medium roots; few
grayish brown streaks along root channels; medium
acid; gradual smooth boundary.
E2-20 to 61 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) sand; single
grained; loose; few roots; few thin dark grayish
brown streaks along old root channels; medium
acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
Bh1-61 to 65 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2)
sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable;
thin decomposed extending root mat on surface; few
fine roots; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bh2-65 to 72 inches; black (N 2/0) sand; weak medium
subangular blocky structure; friable; few dark reddish
brown splotches; strongly acid; gradual smooth
boundary.
Bh3-72 to 80 inches; very dark gray (5YR 3/1) sand;
weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable;
medium acid.
Depth to the spodic horizon ranges from 33 to 65
inches but is predominantly at a depth of more than 50
inches. The texture is sand or fine sand throughout.
Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to medium acid.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and
chroma of 1. Unrubbed colors often have a salt -and -
pepper appearance. Thickness ranges from 1 to 6
inches.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 6 to 8, and
chroma of 1; or hue of 10YR, value of 7, and chroma of
2 and can have dark gray streaks along root channels.
The total thickness of the A and E horizons is more than
Winches.
The Bh horizon has hue of 5YR, value of 2 or 3, and
chroma of 1 to 3; or hue of 10YR, value of 2, and
chroma of 1 or 2; or it is neutral with value of 2; or has
hue of 7.5YR, value of 3, and chroma of 2. Some
pedons have weakly cemented fragments of Bh bodies.
These fragments make up less than half of the Bh
horizon or have a thin mat of decomposed roots on the
surface. The BC horizon, if present, has hue of 10YR,
value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 3; or hue of 7.5YR, value
of 4, and chroma of 2.
The C horizon, if present, has hue of 10YR, value of 5
or 6, and chroma of 1; or hue of 10YR, value of 5, and
chroma of 2.
The Pomello soils are taxadjuncts to the Pomello
series because depth to the Bh horizon is outside the
defined range for the series than is typical. These soils
are similar in use, management, and behavior to the
soils of the Pomello series.
Pompano Series
The soils of the Pompano series are siliceous,
hyperthermic Typic Psammaquents. They are poorly
drained, rapidly permeable soils that formed in thick
deposits of sandy marine sediment. These nearly level
soils are in sloughs and poorly defined drainageways.
The water table is within a depth of 10 inches of the
surface for 2 to 6 months each year. During the drier
periods, it is within a depth of about 30 inches for more
than 9 months each year. Some areas are occasionally
flooded for 2 to 7 days in some years. The slope ranges
from 0 to 2 percent.
Pompano soils are associated with Immokalee,
Myakka, Satellite, and Orsino soils. Immokalee and
Myakka soils have a spodic horizon. Satellite soils are
somewhat poorly drained. Orsino soils are moderately
well drained and have stains of organic matter.
Typical pedon of Pompano fine sand; in a slough;
SW1 /4NE1 /4, sec. 8, T. 32 S., R. 38 E.
A1-0 to 3 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) fine sand;
mixture of organic matter and light gray sand, salt -
and -pepper appearance when dry; single grained;
loose; many fine and common medium roots; very
strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
A2-3 to 16 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine
sand; single grained; loose; common fine and few
medium roots; very strongly acid; clear smooth
boundary.
C1-16 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine
sand; single grained; loose; few medium roots; very
strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
C2-60 to 80 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine
sand; single grained; loose; strongly acid.
Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to mildly
alkaline throughout. Texture is sand or fine sand to a
depth of 80 inches or more.
The Al horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 4, and
chroma of 1. Unrubbed colors often have a salt -and -
pepper appearance. Thickness ranges from 3 to 6
inches. The A2 horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5,
and chroma of 2. Thickness ranges from 0 to 13 inches.
Indian River County, Florida
111
The C horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and
chroma of 3 or less. This horizon can have pale brown,
brownish yellow, or brown mottles and streaks.
Riomar Series
The soils of the Riomar series are fine,
montmorillonitic, nonacid, hyperthermic Typic
Hydraquents. They are very poorly drained, very slowly
permeable soils that formed in loamy or clayey tidal
deposits. These nearly level soils are on mangrove
islands and in swamps that are at or near sea level.
Under natural conditions, these soils remain saturated,
and most areas are inundated twice daily by fluctuating
tides. Many areas in the county have been leveed and
are used as mosquito control structures. The slope is
less than 1 percent.
Riomar soils are associated with Kesson, McKee,
Quartzipsamments, and St. Augustine soils. Kesson soils
formed in thick marine deposits of sand and shell
fragments. Quartzipsamments soils are moderately well
drained to somewhat poorly drained, and St. Augustine
soils are somewhat poorly drained. These soils were
formed by dredging and filling operations. These dredge
and fill materials were spread over the surface of former
tidal areas and mangrove islands along the Intracoastal
Waterway. Quartzipsamments soils consist of mixed
sand and shell fragments. St. Augustine soils consist of
a mixture of sand, shell fragments, loamy and silty
sediment, and a few fragments of organic material.
McKee soils are not underlain by limestone within a
depth of 40 inches of the surface.
Typical pedon of Riomar clay loam; in a mangrove
swamp; just north of North Winder Beach Road and
Levee Road intersection, 250 feet west of Indian River;
NE1 /4SE1 /4SW1 /4SW1 /4, sec. 2, T. 32 S., R. 39 E.
A-0 to 8 inches; very dark gray (5Y 3/1) clay loam;
massive; nonsticky; very fluid, flows easily between
fingers when squeezed, leaves little or no residue in
hand; few to common fragments of partly
decomposed wood; strongly saline; moderately
alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.
Cg1-8 to 15 inches; very dark gray (5Y 3/1) clay loam;
massive; nonsticky; very fluid, flows easily between
fingers when squeezed; about 5 percent organic
matter; many fine and medium roots that decrease
with depth; strongly saline; moderately alkaline; clear
smooth boundary.
Cg2-15 to 25 inches; dark grayish green (5G 4/1)
sandy clay; massive; slightly sticky; very fluid, flows
easily between fingers when squeezed; few fine and
medium roots; strongly saline; moderately alkaline;
abrupt smooth boundary.
R-25 inches; hard limestone bedrock.
This soil has n value of more than 1 in all mineral
horizons. Soil salinity is more than 16 millimhos per
centimeter. Reaction ranges from neutral to moderately
alkaline throughout. Some areas of soils contain a high
amount of sulfide that becomes extremely acid after
prolonged exposure to air. A few pedons have an
organic surface layer that is 1 to 4 inches thick.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and
chroma of 2 or less; or hue of 5YR, value of 2, and
chroma of 2 or less; or hue of 5Y, value of 3 to 5, and
chroma of 1; or it is neutral with value of 4 or less.
Texture is clay, clay loam, mucky clay loam, or silty clay.
Few to common fragments of partly decomposed wood
and leaves are in this horizon. Thickness ranges from 5
to 10 inches.
The Cg horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and
chroma of 1 or 2; or hue of 5Y, 5GY, 5BG, or 5G, value
of 3 through 6, and chroma of 1; or it is neutral with
value of 4 or less. Texture is clay, clay loam, or sandy
clay.
Riviera Series
The soils of the Riviera series are loamy, siliceous,
hyperthermic Arenic Glossaqualfs. They are poorly
drained, slowly permeable to very slowly permeable soils
that formed in beds of sandy and loamy marine
sediment. These nearly level soils are on low hammocks,
in poorly defined drainageways, on broad, low flats, and
in depressional areas. The water table is within a depth
of 10 inches of the surface for 1 to 6 months and at a
depth of 10 to 40 inches for more than 6 months in most
years. It recedes to a depth of more than 40 inches
during extended dry periods. The depressional areas are
ponded for 6 to 9 months or more each year. The slope
ranges from 0 to 2 percent.
Riviera soils are associated with Chobee, Floridana,
Holopaw, Manatee, Oldsmar, Pineda, Wabasso, and
Winder soils. Oldsmar and Wabasso soils have a spodic
horizon. Pineda soils have a Bw horizon. Chobee,
Floridana, and Manatee soils have a mollic epipedon and
are very poorly drained. Holopaw soils have an argillic
horizon at a depth of more than 40 inches. Winder soils
have an argillic horizon at a depth of less than 20
inches.
Typical pedon of Riviera fine sand; on a broad, low
flat, about 0.5 mile west of Kings Highway and Citrus
Road intersection; SE1 /4SE1 /4NE1 /4, sec. 17, T. 33 S.,
R. 39 E.
A-0 to 3 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)
fine sand; single grained; loose; few medium and
many fine roots; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
E1-3 to 14 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) fine sand;
single grained; loose; few medium and fine roots;
slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
E2-14 to 26 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine
sand; single grained; loose; few medium roots;
slightly acid; abrupt irregular boundary.
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Soil Survey
Btg/E-26 to 31 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) sandy loam; few
coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)
mottles; few fine tongues and pockets of grayish
brown (10YR 5/2) and dark grayish brown (10YR
4/2) fine sand extending from the E horizon;
moderate medium subangular blocky structure;
friable, slightly sticky; sand grains coated and
bridged with clay; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary
Btg-31 to 40 inches; gray (5Y 6/1) sandy loam;
common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR
5/6) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky
structure; slightly sticky; sand grains coated and
bridged with clay; slightly acid; gradual wavy
boundary.
Cg1-40 to 52 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) loamy fine sand;
few medium pockets of light brownish gray (10YR
6/2) fine sand; weak fine subangular blocky
structure; very friable, slightly sticky; mildly alkaline;
gradual wavy boundary.
Cg2-52 to 80 inches; greenish gray (5GY 6/1) loamy
fine sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure;
very friable; slightly sticky; moderately alkaline.
The thickness of the solum is 40 to 80 inches. The
combined thickness of the A and E horizons is 20 to 40
inches. Reaction is slightly acid or neutral in the A and
Ap horizons and ranges from slightly acid to moderately
alkaline in all of the other horizons.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 4,
and chroma of 1 or 2. Thickness ranges from 3 to 9
inches. The texture is sand or fine sand.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 6 or 7, and
chroma of 1 or 2; or hue of 10YR, value of 5, and
chroma of 1. Thickness ranges from 15 to 29 inches.
The texture is sand or fine sand.
The Btg/E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4, and
chroma of 2; or hue of 10YR, value of 6 or 7, and
chroma of 1; or hue of 5Y, value of 5, and chroma of 1
and can have few to common yellowish brown mottles.
The texture of the B part is sandy loam or sandy clay
loam. Tongues or vertical intrusions of sand or fine sand
from the E horizon extend into the B part of this horizon.
In some places, small fragments or nodules of iron,
cemented sandstone, or calcareous material are in the
Btg/E horizon. Thickness ranges from 5 to 19 inches.
The Btg horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 7, and
chroma of 1 or 2; hue of 5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma
of 1; or hue of 5GY or 513G, value of 5, and chroma of 1
and can have yellowish brown, light olive brown, or dark
grayish brown mottles. The texture is sandy loam, fine
sandy loam, or sandy clay loam. In some places, small
fragments or nodules of iron, cemented sandstone, or
calcareous material are present in the Btg horizon.
Thickness ranges from 4 to 12 inches.
Some pedons have a BCg horizon that has hue of
5GY, value of 5, and chroma of 1. The texture is loamy
sand or sandy loam. Thickness ranges from 0 to 9
inches.
The Cg horizon has hue of 5Y or 5GY, value of 5 or 6,
and chroma of 1; or hue of 10YR, value of 6 or 7, and
chroma of 1. The texture ranges from loamy fine sand to
a mixture of sand and shell fragments or to a mixture of
loamy sand with shell fragments and calcium carbonate
nodules.
Samsula Series
The soils of the Samsula series are sandy or sandy -
skeletal, siliceous, dysic, hyperthermic Terric
Medisaprists. They are very poorly drained, rapidly
permeable soils that formed in moderately thick beds of
hydrophytic nonwoody plant residue. These nearly level
soils are in small depressions, poorly defined
drainageways, and freshwater marshes and swamps.
The water table is at or above the surface except during
extended dry periods. The slope is less than 2 percent.
Samsula soils are associated with Delray, Floridana,
Manatee, Myakka, and Pompano soils. Delray, Floridana,
and Manatee soils have a mollic epipedon and an argillic
horizon. Myakka and Pompano soils are sandy mineral
soils and are poorly drained. In addition, Myakka soils
have a spodic horizon.
Typical pedon of Samsula muck; in a depressional
area, about 1 /2 mile south of the entrance to Rollins
Blue Cypress Ranch, north of Yee Haw Junction;
NE1 /4NW1 /4NW1 /4, sec. 32, T. 31 S., R. 35 E.
Oat-0 to 20 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck; about 20
percent fiber, less than 5 percent rubbed; weak
medium subangular blocky structure resemblance;
friable; common fine and very fine roots, few
medium roots; dark brown (10YR 4/3) sodium
pyrophosphate extract; very strongly acid by Hellige-
Truog method; gradual smooth boundary.
Oa2-20 to 26 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) muck;
about 10 percent fiber, less than 5 percent rubbed;
weak medium granular structure; friable; few fine
and medium roots; about 20 percent mineral
material; brown (10YR 5/3) sodium pyrophosphate
extract; very strongly acid by Hellige-Truog method;
gradual wavy boundary.
2A-26 to 38 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sand;
single grained; loose; few fine and medium roots;
very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
2Cg-38 to 80 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sand; single
grained; loose; very strongly acid.
The thickness of the organic material ranges from 16
to 35 inches. Reaction of the organic material ranges
from 4 to 5.5 by the Hellige-Truog method. The
underlying mineral material is very strongly acid or
medium acid.
Indian River County, Florida
113
The Oa horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and
chroma of 1 or 2; or hue of 5YR, value of 2, and chroma
of 1. The fiber content is less than 33 percent unrubbed
and less than 5 percent rubbed. Sodium pyrophosphate
extract has hue of 10YR, value of 2 through 4, and
chroma of 4 or less; or hue of 10YR, value of 5, and
chroma of 2 through 8; or hue of 10YR, value of 6, and
chroma of 3 through 8; or hue of 10YR, value of 7, and
chroma of 4 through 8. The 2A horizon has hue of 10YR,
value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is sand or
fine sand. Thickness ranges from 6 to 18 inches.
The 2Cg horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6,
and chroma of 1. Texture is sand or fine sand.
Satellite Series
The soils of the Satellite series are hyperthermic,
uncoated Aquic Quartzipsamments. They are somewhat
poorly drained, very rapidly permeable soils that formed
in thick beds of sandy marine sediment. These nearly
level soils are on low knolls and ridges on the flatwoods.
The water table is at a depth of 18 to 40 inches for 2 to
6 months and at a depth of 40 to 72 inches for 6 months
or more in most years. The slope ranges from 0 to 2
percent.
Satellite soils are associated with Immokalee, Myakka,
Orsino, Pomello, and Pompano soils. Immokalee,
Myakka, and Pomello soils have spodic horizons. In
addition, Immokalee and Myakka soils are poorly
drained, and Pomello soils are moderately well drained.
Pompano soils are in lower positions on the landscape
than Satellite soils and are poorly drained. Orsino soils
are better drained than the Satellite soils.
Typical pedon of Satellite fine sand; in a wooded area
adjacent to a power line north of Indian River County
Road 512; SW1 /4NW1 /4SE1 /4, sec. 19, T. 31 S., R. 38
E.
A-0 to 4 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) fine sand;
mixture of organic matter and light gray sand grains,
salt -and -pepper appearance when dry; single
grained; loose; common very fine and medium roots;
strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
C1-4 to 35 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine
sand; single grained; loose; common fine medium
and few coarse roots; slightly acid; gradual wavy
boundary.
C2-35 to 60 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine
sand; single grained; loose; few medium and coarse
roots; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
C3-60 to 80 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine
sand; single grained; loose; slightly acid.
Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to mildly
alkaline throughout. Texture is sand or fine sand.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and
chroma of 1. Unrubbed colors often have a salt-and-
pepper appearance. Thickness ranges from 2 to 7
inches.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and
chroma of 1 or 2; or hue of 10YR, value of 4, and
chroma of 2 and may have mottles or streaks of pale
brown, dark grayish brown, or grayish brown,
St. Augustine Series
The soils of the St. Augustine series are sandy,
siliceous, hyperthermic Udalfic Arents. These nearly level
soils are adjacent to the Indian River. They are
somewhat poorly drained, moderately rapidly permeable
to rapidly permeable soils that were formed by dredging
and filling operations. The dredge and fill material was
spread over the surface of former tidal areas. The
original soils in these tidal areas are very poorly drained.
The fill material consists of a mixture of sand, shell
fragments, loamy and silty sediment, and a few
fragments of organic material. The water table is at a
depth of 20 to 40 inches for 2 to 6 months in most
years. It is at a depth of less than 20 inches during
periods of high rainfall. In some areas, the water table is
still partially influenced by daily tides. These soils are
subject to flooding for very brief periods during the
hurricane season. The slope is 0 to 2 percent.
St. Augustine soils are associated with Canaveral,
Captiva, Quartzipsamments, and McKee soils. Canaveral
and Captiva soils are sandy mineral soils that consist of
layers of stratified sand and shell fragments. In addition,
Captiva soils are poorly drained and have a mollic
epipedon. Quartzipsamments soils were formed by filling
and earthmoving operations and do not have fragments
of fine textured material. McKee soils are very poorly
drained. They are in mangrove islands and swamps and
have a clayey mineral horizon.
Typical pedon of St. Augustine sand; in an area
designated for urban development, 0.2 mile north of
Florida State Road 656; SW1 /4, sec. 5, T. 33 S., R. 40
E.
C1-0 to 30 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)
sand; few medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR
5/6) streaks; single grained; loose; about 30
percent, by volume, multicolored shell fragments 1
millimeter or less; moderately alkaline; abrupt wavy
boundary.
C2-30 to 45 inches; mixed grayish brown (10YR 5/2)
sand and dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay loam,
common medium distinct fragments of olive gray (5Y
4/2) loamy sand; massive; friable; about 55 percent
shell fragments less than 3 millimeters; few
fragments of very dark grayish brown muck;
moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
Cg-45 to 80 inches; mixed greenish gray (5GY 5/1)
sand and gray (N 5/0) lenses of loamy sand;
massive; friable; moderately alkaline.
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Soil Survey
St. Augustine soils are moderately alkaline throughout.
The thickness of the fill material ranges from 40 to 80
inches or more. The content of shell fragments ranges
from less than 5 percent to 70 percent. Weighted
average of shell content that is 2 millimeters or larger in
the control section is less than 20 percent. Shell
fragments are stratified in some pedons. Depth to the
loamy or clayey bodies is less than 40 inches.
The C1 horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 7, and
chroma of 1 or 2 and can have mottles in shades of
gray, brown, and yellow. Texture is sand or fine sand.
Fragments of shells or lenses of loamy material can be
mixed with the sand or fine sand. Thickness ranges from
6 to 30 inches. The C2 horizon has hue of 10YR, value
of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2 and can have mottles in
shades of gray, brown, and yellow. Texture is sand, fine
sand, or loamy sand. Silty clay loam, clay loam, or sandy
clay loam bodies that range from few to common are
always in some part of this horizon. They have hue of
5GY or 5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 1 or 2. Shell
fragments and fragments of histic material are few to
common. Thickness ranges from 10 to 30 inches. The
Cg horizon has hue of 5Y, 5GY, or 56G, value of 4 to 6,
and chroma of 1; or it is neutral with value of 5. Texture
is sand, fine sand, or loamy sand. This horizon can have
lenses of silty clay loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam.
Few to many shell fragments that are less than 3
millimeters in size are in this horizon.
Some pedons have a 2C organic horizon at a depth of
more than 40 inches.
St. Lucie Series
The soils of the St. Lucie series are hyperthermic,
uncoated Typic Quartzipsamments. They are excessively
drained, very rapidly permeable soils that formed in thick
deposits of marine or eolian sand. These nearly level to
sloping soils are on the Atlantic Coastal Ridge and other
elevated knolls on the flatwoods. The water table is at a
depth of more than 72 inches. The slope ranges from 0
to 8 percent.
St. Lucie soils are associated with Astatula, Paola,
Pomello, Satellite, and Archbold soils. Astatula soils do
not have an E horizon, and they have a brownish yellow
C horizon. Paola soils have an E and B/E horizon.
Pomello soils have a Bh horizon and are moderately well
drained. Satellite and Archbold soils are more poorly
drained than St. Lucie soils.
Typical pedon of St. Lucie sand, 0 to 8 percent slopes;
west of U.S. Highway 1; SE1/4SW1/4SW1/4, sec. 31, T.
33 S., R. 40 E.
A-0 to 3 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) rubbed sand; single
grained; loose; many fine and medium roots; mixture
of uncoated sand grains and fine organic matter
granules unrubbed; very strongly acid; clear smooth
boundary.
C-3 to 80 inches; white (10YR 8/1) sand; single
grained; loose; few fine, common medium and few
coarse roots decreasing with depth; few medium
dark brown (7.5YR 3/2, 4/2) stains around root
channels; medium acid.
Reaction is very strongly acid to slightly acid. The
pedon is fine sand or sand to a depth of 80 inches. It
does not have a subsurface diagnostic horizon within a
depth of 80 inches.
The A horizon is a mixture of uncoated quartz sand
grains and black organic matter granules. It has rubbed
hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1. The
thickness of the A horizon ranges from 2 to 4 inches.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 7 or 8, and
chroma of 1 or 2.
Terra Ceia Series
The soils of the Terra Ceia series are euic,
hyperthermic Typic Medisaprists. They are deep, very
poorly drained, rapidly permeable, organic soils that
formed in thick deposits of hydrophytic plant residue.
These nearly level soils are in freshwater marshes.
Under natural conditions, the water table is at or above
the surface except during extended dry periods. Runoff
is slow. Slope is less than 1 percent.
Terra Ceia soils are associated with Gator and Canova
soils. Gator soils have less than 51 inches of organic
material that is underlain by sandy or clayey material.
Canova soils are mineral soils.
Typical pedon of Terra Ceia muck; in an area of the
St. Johns Marsh, about 1 /2 mile south of Ditch 13;
SW1 /4SW1 /4NE 1 /4, sec. 28, T. 31 S., R. 36 E.
Oat-0 to 38 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck; weak
medium subangular blocky structure; friable; about
10 percent fiber unrubbed, 1 percent rubbed; few
fine roots; dark brown (10YR 4/3) sodium
pyrophosphate extract; slightly acid (pH 4.7 in 0.01
molar calcium chloride solution); gradual wavy
boundary.
Oa2-38 to 60 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR
3/2) muck; weak medium subangular blocky
structure; friable; about 45 percent fiber unrubbed, 5
percent rubbed; brown (10YR 5/3) sodium
pyrophosphate extract; slightly acid (pH 4.5 in 0.01
molar calcium chloride solution).
The thickness of the organic material and the depth to
mineral material are more than 51 inches and commonly
are 60 inches or more. Reaction ranges from slightly
acid to moderately alkaline by the Hellige-Truog method
or 4.5 or more in 0.01 molar calcium chloride.
The Cap horizon, if present, has hue of 10YR, value of
2, and chroma of 1; or it is neutral and has value of 2.
Fiber content is less than 15 percent unrubbed.
Indian River County, Florida
115
Thickness depends on the depth of plowing but
commonly ranges from 9 to 12 inches thick. The Oa
horizon has hue of 5YR, value of 2, and chroma of 1 or
2; or hue of 5YR, value of 3, and chroma of 2; or hue of
10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2; or it is
neutral and has value of 2. Fiber content is less than 33
percent unrubbed, or more than 33 percent unrubbed if
fiber content is less than 16 percent of its volume after
rubbing. Sodium pyrophosphate extract of all organic
horizons have hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 4, and chroma
of 4 or less; or hue of 10YR, value of 5, and chroma of 2
to 6; or hue of 10YR, value of 6, and chroma of 3 to 6;
or hue of 10YR, value of 7, and chroma of 4 to 6.
Mineral content at a depth of 20 to 52 inches ranges
from about 5 to 10 percent. The underlying materials are
sandy, loamy or clayey.
Wabasso Series
The soils of the Wabasso series are sandy, siliceous,
hyperthermic Alfic Haplaquods. They are poorly drained,
slowly permeable or very slowly permeable soils that
formed in sandy and loamy marine sediment. These
nearly level soils are on broad flatwoods. In most years,
the water table is at a depth of 10 to 40 inches for more
than 6 months and at a depth of less than 10 inches of
the surface for 1 to 2 months. The slope ranges from 0
to 2 percent.
Wabasso soils are associated with Boca, EauGallie,
Myakka, Oldsmar, Riviera, and Winder soils. Boca,
Riviera, and Winder soils do not have a Bh horizon. In
addition, Boca soils are underlain by limestone within a
depth of 40 inches of the surface. EauGallie and
Oldsmar soils have a Bt horizon at a depth of more than
40 inches. Myakka soils do not have a Bt horizon.
Typical pedon of Wabasso fine sand; on the
flatwoods, 0.3 mile north of Florida State Road 60 in the
Paradise Park subdivision; SE1 /4NW1 AND A, sec. 2,
T. 33 S., R. 38 E.
A-0 to 7 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) fine sand;
weak, fine granular structure; very friable; many fine
and medium roots; strongly acid; gradual wavy
boundary.
E-7 to 24 inches; gray (10YR 7/1) fine sand; single
grained; loose; common fine and medium roots;
strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
Bh1-24 to 27 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sand; weak
fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common
fine and medium roots; sand grains well coated with
colloidal organic matter; medium acid; gradual
smooth boundary.
Bh2-27 to 32 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sand; weak
medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine
and medium roots; sand grains well coated with
colloidal organic matter; medium acid; clear smooth
boundary.
Bh3-32 to 35 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) fine
sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable;
few fine and medium roots; medium acid; abrupt
smooth boundary.
Bt1-35 to 41 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) sandy
loam; few fine distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1)
streaks; moderate medium subangular blocky
structure; slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine
and medium roots; medium acid; gradual wavy
boundary.
Bt2-41 to 48 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy
loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;
slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine and
medium roots; medium acid; gradual wavy boundary.
C1-48 to 62 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loamy fine sand;
weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly sticky;
few fine roots; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
C2-62 to 80 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/2) loamy fine
sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly
sticky; few fine roots; neutral.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and
chroma of 1. Thickness ranges from 5 to 8 inches, but if
value is less than 3.5, the thickness is less than 8
inches. The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 5 to 7,
and chroma of 1; or hue of 10YR, value of 6, and
chroma of 2. Thickness ranges from 14 to 22 inches.
Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to medium acid.
Texture is sand or fine sand. The total thickness of the A
and E horizons is less than 30 inches. Some pedons
have a mat of fine and medium roots underlain by the Bh
horizon.
The Bh horizon has hue of 5YR, value of 2 or 3, and
chroma of 1; or hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and
chroma of 1 or 2; or hue of 10YR, value of 3, and
chroma of 3. Sand grains are coated with organic matter.
Texture is sand or fine sand, and moist consistency
ranges from loose to firm. Thickness ranges from 5 to 12
inches. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to
slightly acid. The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3
or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3; or hue of 5Y, value of 4 to 6,
and chroma of 1 or 2; or hue of 2.5Y; value of 4 or 5,
and chroma of 2; or hue of 2.5Y, value of 6, and chroma
of 1. This horizon can have few or common, fine or
medium light olive brown or yellowish brown mottles and
very dark gray or black streaks and pockets. Texture is
fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or sandy clay loam.
Reaction ranges from medium acid to moderately
alkaline. The Bt horizon is 13 to 22 inches thick.
The C horizon has hue of 5Y, value of 5 or 6, and
chroma of 2; or hue of 5Y, value of 6, and chroma of 3;
or hue of 5GY, value of 6, and chroma of 1; or hue of
10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3; or hue of 10YR,
value of 6, and chroma of 1 to 3; or hue of 7.5YR, value
of 5, and chroma of 2. Texture is sand, loamy sand,
loamy fine sand, a mixture of sand or loamy sand and
shell fragments, or a mixture of sand or loamy sand that
116
consists dominantly of shell fragments. Thickness is
more than 15 inches. Reaction ranges from neutral to
moderately alkaline.
Winder Series
The soils of the Winder series are fine -loamy,
siliceous, hyperthermic Typic Glossaqualfs. They are
deep, poorly drained, very slowly permeable soils that
formed in thick beds of sandy and loamy marine
sediment. These nearly level soils are in poorly defined
drainageways, and on hammocks. In most years, under
natural conditions, the water table is at a depth of 0 to
10 inches for 2 to 4 months and at a depth of 10 to 40
inches for about 4 to 6 months or more. The slope is 0
to 2 percent.
Winder soils are associated with Chobee, Jupiter,
Manatee, Pineda, Riviera and Wabasso soils. Chobee,
Jupiter, and Manatee soils have a mollic epipedon. In
addition, Jupiter soil is underlain by limestone within a
depth of 20 inches of the surface, and Chobee and
Manatee soils are very poorly drained. Pineda and
Riviera soils have an argillic horizon at a depth of 20 to
40 inches. Wabasso soils have a spodic horizon.
Typical pedon of Winder fine sand; in a poorly defined
drainageway; NW1/4NW1/4NW1/4, sec. 31, T. 33 S., R
38 E.
A-0 to 7 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) fine sand;
single grained; loose; common fine and few medium
roots; very slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
E-7 to 17 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sand;
many fine distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) splotches;
single grained; loose; few fine and medium and
coarse roots; slightly acid; gradual irregular
boundary.
B/E-17 to 23 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sandy
loam; common medium prominent yellowish brown
(10YR 5/8) mottles; common grayish brown (10YR
5/2) loamy sand intrusions; weak medium
subangular blocky structure; slightly sticky and
nonplastic; mildly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
Btg1-23 to 34 inches; gray (5Y 6/1) sandy loam; few
medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) and
few coarse distinct yellow (10YR 7/6) mottles; weak
medium subangular blocky structure; slightly sticky
and nonplastic; moderately alkaline; clear wavy
boundary.
Btg2-34 to 48 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sandy loam; few
and common fine and medium distinct yellowish
brown (10YR 5/6) and common medium distinct
light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) mottles; weak fine
subangular blocky structure; slightly sticky and
nonplastic; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth
boundary.
BCg-48 to 65 inches; gray (5Y 6/1) sandy loam; few
fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) mottles;
weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly sticky
and nonplastic; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth
boundary.
2Cg-65 to 80 inches; greenish gray (5GY 6/1) loamy
sand and shell fragments; massive; parting to weak
fine subangular blocky structure; few light greenish
gray soft calcium carbonate masses; slightly sticky
and nonplastic; moderately alkaline.
Reaction ranges from medium acid to moderately
alkaline in the A, E, and B horizons. The C horizon is
very slightly acid to moderately alkaline.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 4,
and chroma of 1. Texture is fine sand or loamy fine
sand. Thickness ranges from 2 to 7 inches.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and
chroma of 1 or 2; or hue of 10YR, value of 4, and
chroma of 1. Texture is fine sand or loamy fine sand.
Thickness ranges from 7 to 10 inches. The combined
thickness of the A and E horizons is less than 20 inches.
The B/E horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5
or 6, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture of the B part of the
B/E horizon is sandy loam or sandy clay loam. The
texture of the E part is fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy
fine sand. Thickness ranges from 5 to 8 inches. The Btg
horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of
1; or hue of 5Y or 5GY, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of
1; or it is neutral with value of 6 and has mottles of
brown, yellow, or gray. Texture is sandy loam or sandy
clay loam. In some pedons, this horizon has a small
accumulation of light gray or white calcareous material
throughout. Thickness ranges from 24 to 28 inches.
Some pedons have a BC horizon that has hue of 10YR,
value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1; or hue of 5Y or 5GY,
value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1; or it is neutral with
value of 6 and has mottles of brown, yellow, or gray.
Texture is sandy loam or sandy clay loam.
The 2Cg horizon has hue of 5Y or 5GY, value of 5 or
6, and chroma of 1. Texture is loamy sand and sandy
clay loam, or it is a mixture of loamy fine sand and shell
fragments. Accumulations of soft calcium carbonate and
concretions in some pedons are mixed with loamy sand.
117
Formation of the Soils
In this section, the factors of geology and processes
of soil formation are described and related to the soils in
the survey area.
Factors of Soil Formation
Soil is produced by forces of weathering acting on the
parent material that has been deposited or accumulated
by geologic agencies. The kind of soil that forms
depends on five major factors. These factors are—
• the type of parent material
• the climate under which the soil material has
existed since accumulation
• the plant and animal life in and on the soil
• the relief, or lay of the land
• the length of time the forces of soil formation
have acted on the soil material.
The five soil -forming factors are interdependent; each
modifies the effect of the others. Any one of the five
factors can have more influence than the others on the
formation of a soil and can account for most of its
properties. For example, if the parent material is quartz
sand, the soil generally has weakly expressed horizons.
The effect of the parent material is modified greatly in
some places by the effects of climate, relief, and plants
and animals in and on the soil. As a soil forms, it is
influenced by one or more of the five factors, but in
some places one factor has a predominant effect. A
modification or variation in any of these factors results in
a different kind of soil.
Parent Material
Parent material is the unconsolidated mass from which
a soil is formed. It determines the limits of the chemical
and mineralogical composition of the soil.
The parent material of most of the soils of Indian River
County is unconsolidated marine sediment of the
Pleistocene and Recent geological ages. The thickness
of the Pleistocene material is less than 20 feet in the
western part of the county grading to 100 feet in the
eastern part. Most of this material consists of
undifferentiated sediment, including sands, clays, shell
beds, and thin limestone units. In addition, these
undifferentiated sediments are overlain by windblown
sands and sea -deposited sandy and shelly material in a
narrow band along the present coastline. Organic matter
accumulations of Recent times and in varying amounts
also serve as the parent material for some soils of Indian
River County.
Myakka and Immokalee soils are representative of
soils that formed in thick beds of loose sand in which the
transfer of organic matter and reduced iron occurred and
formed a spodic horizon. EauGallie, Oldsmar, and
Wabasso soils formed an argillic horizon by translocation
of clayey material in stratified sediment. Astatula, Paola,
and St. Lucie soils formed in Recent windblown quartz
sand on the Atlantic Coastal Ridge. Canaveral, Captiva,
and Palm Beach soils formed in sand and shell material
of Recent sea deposits on the barrier island. Gator and
Terra Ceia soils formed in Recent accumulations of
organic material in low wet places.
Climate
Indian River County has a humid -subtropical climate.
Extreme temperatures are moderated by the Atlantic
Ocean and the Indian River; however, these bodies of
water contribute to the high humidity of the area. The
average rainfall is about 55 inches a year. In summer,
the climate is uniform throughout the county.
Few differences among the soils are caused by the
climate; however, the climate aids in rapid decomposition
of organic matter, and it also hastens chemical reactions
in the soil. The heavy rainfall leaches the soils of most
plant nutrients and produces a strongly acid condition in
many of the sandy soils. Rain also carries the less
soluble fine particles downward. Consequently, many of
the soils acted upon by these climatic conditions are
sandy, have low organic matter content, low natural
fertility, and low available water capacity.
Plants and Animals
Plants have been the principal biological factor in the
formation of soils in the survey area. Animals, insects,
bacteria, and fungi have been important agents. Plants
and animals furnish organic matter, nitrogen, and plant
nutrients to the soils and cause differences in soil
structure and porosity. In places, tree roots and crayfish
have penetrated the loamy subsoil and mixed the sandy
surface layer with the subsoil.
Microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, help to
weather and break down minerals and to decompose
118
Soil Survey
organic matter. These organisms are most numerous in
the upper few inches of the soil. Earthworms and some
small animals inhabit the soil, alter its chemical
composition, and mix it with other soil material. The
native vegetation in the survey area has affected soil
formation more than other living organisms.
Man has influenced the formation of soils by clearing
the forests, cultivating the soils, draining wet areas, and
introducing different kinds of plants. The complex of
living organisms that affect soil formation has been
drastically changed as a result of man's activities. Except
for loss of organic matter and minor erosion in places,
few results of man's activities are yet apparent.
Relief
Relief has affected the formation of soils in Indian
River County mainly through its influence on soil -water
relationships. Other factors of soil formation generally
l
associated with relief, such as erosion, temperature, and
plant cover, are of minor importance.
Three general areas—flatwoods, swamps and
marshes, and the coastal ridges —are in the survey area.
Among these general areas are differences in soils that
are directly related to relief.
The soils on the flatwoods have a high water table
and are periodically wet to the surface. Therefore, these
soils are not as highly leached as those of the coastal
ridges. The soils in the swamps and marshes are
covered with water for long periods; in many places, they
have high organic matter content. The soils on the
coastal ridges are at a higher elevation than those on
the flatwoods and in swamps and marshes. The deep,
sandy soils on the ridges are mostly excessively drained
and are not influenced by ground water. These soils are
more subject to erosion than soils in other parts of the
county.
Figure 16.—Location map of Indian River County and Ocala Uplift.
Indian River County, Florida
119
0'
100.
200'
300
400
500 -
600-
700-
e00-
Time
A
POST HAWTHORN
HAWTHORN
OCALA
I
AVON PARK
I
1
LAKE CITY ( A A
I
11�
UNDIFFERENTIATED
GROUP
GROUP
LIMESTONE
SCALE IN MILES
1012345
A'
MSL
�ATASIA
TION
�a1GOCENE
s I aocKs
I
1W I
I (OLIGOCENE
II ROCKS
I I
war
I I
Figure 17.—West to east cross section of the stratigraphy of Indian River County.
Time is an important factor in soil formation. The
physical and chemical changes brought about by climate,
living organisms, and relief are slow. The length of time
needed to convert raw geological material into soil varies
according to the nature of the geological material and
the interaction of the other factors. Some basic minerals
from which soils are formed weather fairly rapidly; other
minerals are chemically inert and show little change over
long periods. The translocation of fine particles within
the soil to form the various horizons is variable under
different conditions, but the processes always take a
relatively long time.
In Indian River County, the dominant geological
materials are inactive. The sands are almost pure quartz
and are highly resistant to weathering. The finer textured
silt and clay are the product of earlier weathering.
In terms of geological time, relatively little time has
elapsed since the material in which the soil in the county
has developed was laid down or emerged from the sea.
The loamy and clayey horizon formed in place through
processes of clay translocation.
Processes of Soil Formation
Soil morphology refers to the process involved in the
formation of the soil horizon or soil horizon
differentiation. The differentiation of horizons in soils in
Indian River County is the result of accumulation of
organic matter, leaching of carbonates, reduction and
transfer of iron, or accumulation of silicate clay minerals.
Sometimes more than one of these processes are
involved.
Some organic matter has accumulated in the upper
layers of most of the soils to form an A horizon. The
quantity of organic matter is small in some of the soils
but fairly large in others.
Carbonates and salts have been leached in all of the
soils. The effects of leaching have been indirect in that
the leaching permitted the subsequent translocation of
silicate clay material in some soils. Most of the soils in
the county are leached to varying degrees.
The process of chemical reduction, or gleying, is
evident in many of the soils in Indian River County
except for the excessively drained soils. Gleying is
caused by wetness. Gray matrix color in the B horizon of
120
Soil Survey
many soils and grayish mottles in other soils indicate the
reduction of iron. In some sandy soils, however, gray
color is that of the sand grains. Some horizons contain
reddish brown mottles and concretions, which indicate
the segregation of iron and fluctuating water table.
The translocation of silicate clay, colloidal organic
matter, and iron oxides has contributed to horizon
development in many of the soils in the county.
Movement of clay, organic matter, or iron is evident in
many of the soils that have a light colored, leached E
horizon, that have a Bt or Bh horizon in which sand
grains are bridged and coated with clay or colloidal
organic matter, or that have a few patchy clay films on
ped faces and in root channels. Compared with the other
processes involved in soil formation, the translocation of
silicate clay may be of minor importance in the formation
of an horizon in the soils of Indian River County,
Geology
Thomas M. Scott, Florida Geological Survey, Bureau of Geology,
Department of Natural Resources, helped prepare this section.
Indian River County is located in east -central Florida
southeast of the crest of the Ocala Uplift (fig. 16). It is
underlain by a thick sequence (nearly 10,000 feet) of
sedimentary rocks (carbonates, sands, and clays)
overlying a basement complex of igneous and
metamorphic rocks. These rocks range in age from
approximately 90 million years old for the basement
rocks to recent sediment at the surface.
The upper 1,000 feet of sediments in Indian River
County is limestone, dolomite, sand, clay, and shell beds
ranging in age (52 million years) from middle Eocene to
recent. The sediments of the middle Eocene age (52
million years) through the lower Oligocene age (25
million years) are porous carbonates that make up the
Floridan aquifer. The overlying sediments are
predominantly clastics (sand and clay) ranging in age
from 25 million years (Miocene age) to the recent
sediments found along the present coastline. This
section of younger sediments contains the shallow
aquifer that is of great importance to the county (6).
The deepest formation to be discussed is the middle
Eocene age Avon Park Limestone. This unit consists of
cream to tan and brown colored limestone and dolomite.
The Avon Park Limestone may be 250 feet thick. It
yields water from porous zones in some areas of the
county (6). Water from this formation is typically high in
chloride concentration and is used for irrigation only.
Immediately overlying the Avon Park Limestone is the
Ocala Group of limestone. The upper Eocene age Ocala
Group includes three formations, the Inglis, Williston, and
Crystal River (9). The entire group is composed of
limestone. The Williston and Inglis formations are tan to
white, granular, porous limestone. The Crystal River
Formation consists of white, granular to pasty, porous to
massive limestone. The Ocala Group varies from 50 feet
thick to a maximum thickness of 225 feet. These units
yield poor quality water that is high in chlorides and is
used primarily for irrigation.
In part of the county, the Ocala Group is overlain by
undifferentiated rocks of possible Oligocene age (36 to
25 million years). These sediments are gray to cream
colored, clayey, often sandy, muddy limestone. This unit
yields poor quality water and a poor quantity of water.
The Oligocene age rocks only occur in the easternmost
part of the county. This unit is up to 200 feet thick.
The Hawthorn Group of Miocene age (25 to 13 million
years) and early Pliocene age (24 to 3 million years)
overlies the Oligocene sediments where they occur. The
Hawthorn Group lies on the Ocala Group where the
Oligocene rocks are absent. The contact of the Ocala
and Hawthorn groups is an unconformity that represents
11 to 12 million years of missing sediments. The
Hawthorn Group consists of interbedded limestone,
dolomite, sand, and clay. These sediments contain minor
amounts of phosphate (generally 1 to 5 percent). The
Hawthorn Group is.up to about 250 feet thick in Indian
River County. Very little.water is produced from the
Hawthorn sediments.
The Hawthorn Group is overlain by the undifferentiated
post -Hawthorn sediments throughout most of the county.
However, along the coast, the Anastasia Formation of
Pleistocene age (1.6 to .01 million years) overlies the
Hawthorn Group. The undifferentiated sediments include
sand, clay, shell beds, and thin limestone units that have
been variously assigned to the Tamiami Formation,
Caloosahatchee Formation, and/or the Fort Thompson
Formation. Currently, the formational assignment is in
doubt, and these sediments are referred to the
undifferentiated category. These sediments range in age
from early Pliocene through Pleistocene (3 to .01 million
years). This unit underlies most of Indian River County.
The undifferentiated unit can provide moderate amounts
of water in areas where it is permeable.
The Anastasia Formation occurs only in a band along
the present coastline. This unit generally does not
extend more than 5 miles inland. The Anastasia
Formation is composed of quartz sand and shell
material. The Anastasia Formation is best known for its
more lithified shell beds, called coquina, that were
extensively used as a building and facing material along
the east coast of Florida. The induration of the
sediments in this unit varies considerably from
completely unlithified to well indurated. This unit
represents an ancient beach deposit and can provide
moderate amounts of water to shallow wells.
Several early authors have suggested the presence of
faults in Indian River County (3, 20), One proposal was
that a fault existed in the western part of the county
Indian River County, Florida
121
where this formed the boundary of the Osceola Low
(20). Another proposal was that this same fault was
projected into this area from Brevard County.
Additionally, it was attributed that the existence of
Oligocene rocks in the eastern part of the county was
because of faulting (3).
Today, there still is some question as to the actual
existence of faults in Indian River County. The present
data base is such that the stratigraphy can be
interpreted without using faults. If the faults do exist they
are quite old. They do not appear to cut the sediments
of the Hawthorn group and, as a result, have not been
active for at least 26 million years.
The stratigraphy of the county (figs. 17 and 18) is
presented with the faults. The faults are dashed to
indicate the uncertainty about their existence. Arrows
along the faults indicate direction of movement.
Surface outcrops in Indian River County occur along
many canals and some of the beach areas. The
outcrops in. the county expose only the Anastasia
Formation and the undifferentiated post -Hawthorn
sediments.
B Bf
POST HAWTHORN UNDIFFERENTIATED �% ANASTASIA
100. — FORMATION
200 .
HAWTHORN GROUP
300. f01 sOCENE RACKS
0`1000ENE _
400' OCALA GROW i ROCKS OLIGOCENE I
ROCKS OLIG0004E
ROCKS
5 0 0 - OCALA GROUP
600 - B j
11� j
700,
MSL
800
SCALE IN MILES
BI 1 0 1 2345
Figure 18.—North to south cross section of the stratigraphy of Indian River County.
123
References
(1) American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials. 1982. Standard
specifications for highway materials and methods of
sampling and testing. Ed. 13, 2 vol., illus.
(2) American Society for Testing and Materials. 1974.
Method for classification of soils for engineering
purposes. ASTM Stand. D 2487-69. /n 1974 Annual
Book of ASTM Standards, Part 19, 464 pp., illus.
(3) Bermes, B.J. 1958. Interim report on the geology
and ground water resources of Indian River County,
Florida. Fla. Geol. Surv. Inf. Circ. 18.
(4) Census data from U.S. Census Bureau, Apr. 1970
and 1980; 1982 estimate, Univ. of Fla.; as reported
by Vero Beach -Indian River County Chamber of
Commerce.
(5) Craig, Robert M., Louie P. Heard, and John F.
Vance. 1980. Using ecological communities in
landscaping. Proc.' Fla. State Hort. Soc. 93:96-97.
(6) Crain, Leslie J., G.H. Hughes, and L.J. Snell. 1975.
Water resources of Indian River County, Florida. Fla.
Geol. Surv. Rep. Inv. 80.
(7) Florida Crop and Livestock Reporting Service. 1982.
Fla. Agric. Stat., 1982 Summary.
(8) Lockwood, C. 1975. Florida's historic Indian River
County, bicentennial 1776 Ed., 305 pp., illus.
(9) Puri, H.S. 1957. Stratigraphy and zonation of the
Ocala Group. Fla. Geol. Surv. Bull. 38.
(10) Puri, H.S. and R.O. Vernon. 1964. Summary of the
geology of Florida and a guidebook to the classic
exposures. Fla. Geol. Surv. Sp. Pub. 5 Rev.
(11) Richards, J. Noble. 1968. Florida's hibiscus
city/Vero Beach. 480 pp., illus.
(12) Southeast Forest Experiment Station. 1980. Florida
statistics for central Florida. Resour. Bull., SE55.,
Atlanta, Ga.
(13) United States Department of Agriculture. 1951. Soil
survey manual. U.S. Dep. Agric. Handb. 18, 503 pp.,
illus. (Supplements replacing pp. 173-188 issued
May 1962.)
(14) United States Department of Agriculture. 1975. Soil
taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for
making and interpreting soil surveys. Soil Conserv.
Serv., U.S. Dep. Agric. Handb. 436, 754 pp., illus.
(15) United States Department of Agriculture, Soil
Conservation Service. 1980. Technical guides,
Gainesville, Fla.
(16) United States Department of Agriculture. 1984.
Procedures for collecting soil samples and methods
of analysis for soil survey. Soil Surv. Invest. Rep. 1,
68 pp., illus.
(17) United States Department of Commerce. 1964.
Climatic summary of the United States. Supl. for
1951 through 1960, Florida, Climatography of the
United States No. 86-6, 61 pp., illus.
(18) United States Department of Commerce. 1972.
Climate of the United States. Climate of Florida.
Climatography of the United States, No. 60-8, 31
pp., illus.
(19) United States Department of Interior. 1974.
Agricultural census: State and county data, vol. 1,
part 9.
(20) Vernon, R.O. 1951. Geology of Citrus and Levy
Counties, Florida. Fla. Geol. Surv. Bull. 33.
(21) White, William A. 1970. The geomorphology of the
Florida peninsula. Fla. Dep. Natur. Resour., Bur.
Geol. Bull. 51, 164 pp., illus.
125
Glossary
ABC soli. A soil having an A, a B, and a C horizon.
Absorption field. The area into which a subsurface
system of tile or perforated pipe distributes effluent
from a septic tank into natural soil.
AC soli. A soil having only an A and a C horizon.
Commonly such soil formed in recent alluvium.
Aeration, soli. The exchange of air in soil with air from
the atmosphere. The air in a well -aerated soil is
similar to that in the atmosphere; the air in a poorly
aerated soil is considerably higher in carbon dioxide
and lower in oxygen.
Aggregate, soil. Many fine particles held in a single
mass or cluster. Natural soil aggregates, such as
granules, blocks, or prisms, are called peds. Clods
are aggregates produced by tillage or logging.
Alkali (sodlc) soil. Soil having so high a degree of
alkalinity (pH 8.5 or higher), or so high a percentage
of exchangeable sodium (15 percent or more of the
total exchangeable bases), or both, that plant
growth is restricted.
Alluvium. Material, such as sand, silt, or clay, deposited
on land by streams.
Available water capacity (available moisture
capacity). The capacity of soils to hold water
available for use by most plants. It is commonly
defined as the difference between the amount of
soil water at field moisture capacity and the amount
at wilting point. It is commonly expressed as inches
of water per inch of soil. The capacity, in inches, in
a 60-inch profile or to a limiting layer is expressed
as —
Inches
Verylow...................................................................0 to 3
Low...........................................................................3 to 6
Moderate................................................................. 6 to 9
High........................................................................9 to 12
Very high .................................................... more than 12
Base saturation. The degree to which material having
cation -exchange properties is saturated with
exchangeable bases (sum of Ca, Mg, Na, K),
expressed as a percentage of the total cation -
exchange capacity.
Bedding. A partial method of controlling excess water
for the growth of citrus and other crops by using
regularly spaced shallow ditches and beds.
Bedrock. The solid rock that underlies the soil and other
unconsolidated material or that is exposed at the
surface.
Bisequum. Two sequences of soil horizons, each of
which consists of an illuvial horizon and the
overlying eluvial horizons.
Boulders. Rock fragments larger than 2 feet (60
centimeters) in diameter,
Calcareous soil. A soil containing enough calcium
carbonate (commonly combined with magnesium
carbonate) to effervesce visibly when treated with
cold, dilute hydrochloric acid.
Capillary water. Water held as a film around soil
particles and in tiny spaces between particles.
Surface tension is the adhesive force that holds
capillary water in the soil.
Cation. An ion carrying a positive charge of electricity.
The common soil cations are calcium, potassium,
magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen.
Cation -exchange capacity. The total amount of
exchangeable cations that can be held by the soil,
expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100 grams
of soil at neutrality (pH 7,0) or at some other stated
pH value. The term, as applied to soils, is
synonymous with base -exchange capacity, but is
more precise in meaning.
Clay. As a soil separate, the mineral soil particles less
than 0.002 millimeter in diameter, As a soil textural
class, soil material that is 40 percent or more clay,
less than 45 percent sand, and less than 40 percent
silt.
Clay film. A thin coating of oriented clay on the surface
of a soil aggregate or lining pores or root channels.
Synonyms: clay coating, clay skin.
Climax vegetation. The stabilized plant community on a
particular site. The plant cover reproduces itself and
does not change so long as the environment
remains the same.
Coarse fragments. If round, mineral or rock particles 2
millimeters to 25 centimeters (10 inches) in
diameter; if flat, mineral or rock particles (flagstone)
15 to 38 centimeters (6 to 15 inches) long.
Coarse textured soli. Sand or loamy sand.
Complex, soil. A map unit of two or more kinds of soil in
such an intricate pattern or so small in area that it is
not practical to map them separately at the selected
scale of mapping. The pattern and proportion of the
soils are somewhat similar in all areas,
Compressible (in tables). The volume of soft soil
decreases excessively under load.
126
Soil Survey
Concretions. Grains, pellets, ornodules o/various
sizes, shapes, and colors consisting ofconcentrated
compounds orcemented soil grains. The
composition o/most concretions iounlike that o/the
surrounding soil. Calcium carbonate and iron oxide
are common compounds inconcretions.
Consistence, soil. The feel o/the soil and the ease with
which a lump can be crushed by the fingers. Terms
commonly used to describe consistence are —
Loose. —Noncoherent when dry or moist; does not
hold together inamass.
F,riab&a--VVhen moiot, crushes easily under gentle
pressure between thumb and forefinger and can be
d together into a lump.
Firm. —When moiot, crushes under moderate
pressure between thumb and forefinger, but
resistance is distinctly noticeable.
Plastic. —When wet, readily deformed by moderate
pressure but can be pressed into alump; will form a
"wire''when rolled between thumb and forefinger.
VVhenwet, adheres 10other material and
tends tostretch somewhat and pull apart rather than
to pull /nae from other material.
/Vand--VVhenory. moderately resistant to pressure;
can bebroken with difficulty between thumb and
forefinger.
Soft —When dq/, breaks into powder orindividual
grainsunder very slight pressure.
Cemented. —Hard; little affected by moistening.
Control section. The part o/the soil onwhich
classification is based. The thickness varies among
different kinds o/soil, but for many itiothat part of
the soil profile between depths of 10 inches and 40
or80inches.
Corrosive. High risk o/corrosion 10uncoated steel or
deterioration o/concrete.
Cover crop. A close -growing crop grown primarily to
improve and protect the soil between periods of
regular crop roduction. or crop grown between
trees and vines inorchards and vineyards.
Cutbamhmcave (in tab|eo).The walls o/excavations
tend tocave inorslough.
Dwcrwmmwrw.The most heavily grazed climax range
plants. Because they are the most palatable, they
are the first to bedestroyed b vergrazing
Deferred grazing. Postponing grazing or nao1|ng
nuaing|andfor aprescribed period.
Depth to rock (in tables). Bedrock is too near the
surface for the specified use.
Drainage class (natural). Refers tothe frequency and
duration of periodso/saturation orpartial saturation
during soil formation, asopposed toaltered
drainage, which is commonly the result o/ artificial
drainage orirrigation but may becaused by the
sudden deepening o/channels orthe blocking o/
drainage outlets. Seven classes ofnatural soil
drainage are recognized:
Excessively orained—WaterioremovedMmmthe
soil very rapidly. Excessively drained soils are
commonly very coarse textured, rocky, orshallow.
Some are steep. All are free of the mottling related
to wetness.
Somewhat
from the soil rapidly. Many somewhat excessively
drained soils are sandy and rapidly pervious. Some
are shallow. Some are so steep that much of the
water they receive is lost as runoff. All are free of
the mottling related to wetness.
Well drained. —Water is removed from the soil
readUy, but not rapidly. It is available to plants
throughout most o/the growing oeaoon, and
wetness does not inhibit growth o/roots for
significant periods during most growing seasons.
Well drained soils are commonly medium textured.
They are mainly free o/ mottling.
Moderately w*llotainad,--VVader is removed from
the soil somewhat slowly during some periods.
Moderately well drained soils are wet for only a
short time during the growing season, but
periodically they are wet long enough that most
meoophytiocpops are affected. They commonly
have a o|ovv|y pervious layer within or directly below
the oo|um, or periodically receive high nain/a||, or
both.
Somewhat y
enough that the soil is wet for significant periods
during the growing season. Wetness markedly
restricts the growth of mesophytic crops unless
artificial drainage is provided. Somewhat poorly
drained soils commonly have a slowly pervious
layer, a high water table, additional water from
seepage, nearly continuous rainfall, pracombination
o/these.
Poorly drained, —Water ioremoved soslowly that
the soil is saturated periodically during the growing
season orremains wet for long periods. Free water
iocommonly adornear the surface for long enough
during the growing season that most meoophytio
crops cannot begrown unless the soil is artificially
drained. The soil is not continuously saturated in
layers directly below plow depth. Poor drainage
results from a high water table, a slowly pervious
layer withinthe profile, seepage, nearly continuous
nain/a||, or combination o/ these.
Verypoorly drained, —Water ioremoved from the
soil so slowly that free water remains atoron the
surface during most o/the growing season. Unless
the soil is artificially drained, most mesophytioorops
cannot begrown. Very poorly drained soils are
commonly level ordepressed and are frequently
ponded. Yet, where rainfall ishigh and nearly
continuous, they can have moderate orhigh slope
gradients.
Indian River County, Florida
127
Drainage, surface. Runoff, or surface flow of water,
from an area.
Ecological plant community. A grouping of similar
soils, plants, and animals. This concept is used to
recognize and study the interaction of groups of
living organisms with their environment. Soils that
have a designated ecological plant community are
not generally used for rangeland because of their
proximity to urban areas, although they support
native vegetation; they are precluded because of
unpalatable vegetation; or access to the community
is prohibited by a high water table or other barrier.
Recognized ecological plant communities are:
Cypress swamp. —This community occurs in
depressions and poorly defined drainageways. Pond
cypress is the dominant tree, along with red maple,
willow, maidencane, and other water -tolerant plants.
The water table is at or above the surface most of
the year.
Mangrove swamps. —This community occurs along
saltwater shorelines and on islands within the
intracoastal waterway. The predominant vegetation
occurs as a thicket of fleshy leaved, woody plants
containing red, black, or white mangrove, depending
on the elevation and tidal influx.
Salt marsh. —This community occurs as an open
expanse of grasses, sedges, rushes, and other low
growing salt -tolerant plants; or as a matrix of
interconnected, manmade (mosquito ditches) or
shallow natural channels surrounded by mangroves,
Brazilian peppertree, and scattered cabbage palm,
influenced by tidal flux.
South Florida coastal strand. —This community
occurs on nearly level to sloping soils adjacent to
the Atlantic Ocean. It has vegetation that is adapted
to, as well as influenced by the salt and air water
environment. The predominant vegetation is
sawpalmetto, seagrape, and sea -oats.
Swamp hardwoods. —This community occurs as a
dense stand of primarily deciduous trees (red maple,
redbay cypress) interspersed with woody shrubs
(willow), and other water -tolerant plants. These
areas are subject to periodic ponding.
Effervescence. As used in this survey, the bubbling of
carbon dioxide when dilute hydrochloric acid is
applied to calcium carbonates.
Eluviation. The movement of material in true solution or
colloidal suspension from one place to another
within the soil. Soil horizons that have lost material
through eluviation are eluvial; those that have
received material are illuvial.
Eoilan soli material. Earthy parent material accumulated
through wind action; commonly refers to sandy
material in dunes or to loess in blankets on the
surface.
Erosion. The wearing away of the land surface by water,
wind, ice, or other geologic agents and by such
processes as gravitational creep.
Erosion (geologic). Erosion caused by geologic
processes acting over long geologic periods and
resulting in the wearing away of mountains and the
building up of such landscape features as flood
plains and coastal plains. Synonym: natural erosion.
Erosion (accelerated). Erosion much more rapid
than geologic erosion, mainly as a result of the
activities of man or other animals or of a
catastrophe in nature, such as fire, that exposes the
surface.
Excess fines (in tables). Excess silt and clay are in the
soil. The soil is not a source of gravel or sand for
construction purposes.
Excess salts (in tables). Excess water-soluble salts in
the soil restrict the growth of most plants.
Excess sulfur (in tables). An excessive amount of sulfur
is in the soil. The sulfur causes extreme acidity if the
soil is drained, and the growth of most plants is
restricted.
Fast Intake (in tables). The movement of water into the
soil is rapid.
Fertility, soli. The quality that enables a soil to provide
plant nutrients, in adequate amounts and in proper
balance, for the growth of specified plants when
light, moisture, temperature, tilth, and other growth
factors are favorable.
Fill. Material used to raise the surface level of the land
to a desired level.
Fine textured soli. Sandy clay, silty clay, and clay.
Fiatwoods. Broad, nearly level, low ridges of poorly
drained, dominantly sandy soils that have a
characteristic vegetation of open pine forest and an
understory of sawpalmetto and pineland threeawn.
Forage. Plant material used as feed by domestic
animals. Forage can be grazed or cut for hay.
Forb. Any herbaceous plant that is not a grass or a
sedge.
Genesis, soil. The mode of origin of the soil. Refers
especially to the processes or soil -forming factors
responsible for the formation of the solum, or true
soil, from the unconsolidated parent material.
Gieyed soli. Soil that formed under poor drainage,
resulting in the reduction of iron and other elements
in the profile and in gray colors and mottles.
Grassed waterway. A natural or constructed waterway,
typically broad and shallow, seeded to grass as
protection against erosion. Conducts surface water
away from cropland.
Gravel. Rounded or angular fragments of rock up to 3
inches (2 millimeters to 7.5 centimeters) in diameter.
An individual piece is a pebble.
Green -manure crop (agronomy). A soil -improving crop
grown to be plowed under in an early stage of
maturity or soon after maturity.
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Soil Survey
Ground water (geology). Water filling all the unblocked
pores of underlying material below the water table.
Hammock. A densely wooded area, slightly elevated
above adjacent areas that has characteristic natural
vegetation of cabbage palm, oaks, and pine with an
understory of sawpalmetto, shrubs, and grasses.
Hardpan. A hardened or cemented soil horizon, or layer.
The soil material is sandy, loamy, or clayey and is
cemented by iron oxide, silica, calcium carbonate, or
other substance.
Hemic soli material (mucky peat). Organic soil material
intermediate in degree of decomposition between
the less decomposed fibric and the more
decomposed sapric material.
Horizon, soli. A layer of soil, approximately parallel to
the surface, having distinct characteristics produced
by soil -forming processes. In the identification of soil
horizons, an upper case letter represents the major
horizons. Numbers or lower case letters that follow
represent subdivisions of the major horizons. An
explanation of the subdivisions is given in the Soil
Survey Manua/. The major horizons of mineral soil
are as follows:
O horizon. —An organic layer of fresh and decaying
plant residue at the surface of a mineral soil.
A horizon. —The mineral horizon at or near the
surface in which an accumulation of humified
organic matter is mixed with the mineral material.
Also, a plowed surface horizon, most of which was
originally part of a B horizon.
Ehorizon.—The mineral horizon in which the main
feature is loss of silicate clay, iron, aluminum, or
some combination of these.
B horizon. —The mineral horizon below an O, A, or E
horizon. The B horizon is, in part, a layer of
transition from the overlying horizon to the
underlying C horizon. The B horizon also has
distinctive characteristics, such as accumulation of
clay, sesquioxides, humus, or a combination of
these; prismatic or blocky structure; redder or
browner colors than those in the A horizon; or a
combination of these. The combined A and B
horizons are generally called the solum, or true soil.
If a soil does not have a B horizon, the A horizon
alone is the solum.
C horizon. —The mineral horizon or layer, excluding
indurated bedrock, that is little affected by soil -
forming processes and does not have the properties
typical of the A or B horizon. The material of a C
horizon may be either like or unlike that in which the
solum formed. If the material is known to differ from
that in the solum, the Arabic numeral 2 precedes the
letter C.
R layer. —Consolidated rock (unweathered bedrock)
beneath the soil. The rock commonly underlies a C
horizon, but can be directly below an A or a B
horizon.
Humus. The well decomposed, more or less stable part
of the organic matter in mineral soils.
Hydrologic soli groups. Refers to soils grouped
according to their runoff -producing characteristics.
The chief consideration is the inherent capacity of
soil bare of vegetation to permit infiltration. The
slope and the kind of plant cover are not considered
but are separate factors in predicting runoff. Soils
are assigned to four groups. In group A are soils
having a high infiltration rate when thoroughly wet
and having a low runoff potential. They are mainly
deep, well drained, and sandy or gravelly. In group
D, at the other extreme, are soils having a very slow
infiltration rate and thus a high runoff potential. They
have a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface,
have a permanent high water table, or are shallow
over nearly impervious bedrock or other material. A
soil is assigned to two hydrologic groups if part of
the acreage is artificially drained and part is
undrained.
iiluviation. The movement of soil material from one
horizon to another in the soil profile. Generally,
material is removed from an upper horizon and
deposited in a lower horizon.
Increasers. Species in the climax vegetation that
increa:,e in amount as the more desirable plants are
reduced by close grazing. Increasers commonly are
the shorter plants and the plants that are the less
palatable to livestock.
Infiltration. The downward entry of water into the
immediate surface of soil or other material. This
contrasts with percolation, which is movement of
water through soil layers or material.
Infiltration rate. The rate at which water penetrates the
surface of the soil at any given instant, usually
expressed in inches per hour. The rate can be
limited by the infiltration capacity of the soil or the
rate at which water is applied at the surface.
Intake rate. The average rate of water entering the soil
under irrigation. Most soils have a fast initial rate;
the rate decreases with application time. Therefore,
intake rate for design purposes is not a constant but
is a variable depending on the net irrigation
application. The rate of water intake in inches per
hour is expressed as follows:
Less than 0.2...................................................... very low
0.2 to 0.4..................................................................... low
0.4 to 0.75............................................... moderately low
0.75 to 1.25.......................................................moderate
1.25 to 1.75........................................... moderately high
1.75 to 2.5.................................................................. high
More than 2.5....................................................very high
Invaders. On range, plants that encroach into an area
and grow after the climax vegetation has been
reduced by grazing. Generally, invader plants follow
disturbance of the surface.
Indian River County, Florida
129
Irrigation. Application of water to soils to assist in
production of crops, Methods of irrigation are —
Border, —Water is applied at the upper end of a strip
in which the lateral flow of water is controlled by
small earth ridges called border dikes, or borders,
Basin, —Water is applied rapidly to nearly level
plains surrounded by levees or dikes,
Controlled flooding. —Water is released at intervals
from closely spaced field ditches and distributed
uniformly over the field,
Corrugation. —Water is applied to small, closely
spaced furrows or ditches in fields of close -growing
crops so that it flows in only one direction,
Drip (or trickle), —Water is applied slowly and under
low pressure to the surface of the soil or into the
soil through such applicators as emitters, porous
tubing, or perforated pipe,
Furrow —Water is applied in small ditches made by
cultivation implements, Furrows are used for tree
and row crops,
Sprinkler —Water is sprayed over the soil surface
through pipes or nozzles from a pressure system.
Subirrigation.—Water is applied in open ditches or
tile lines until the water table is raised enough to wet
the soil,
Wild flooding. —Water, released at high points, is
allowed to flow onto an area without controlled
distribution.
Land shaping. Rearrangement of soil materials by
cutting and filling to form a more suitable site for the
intended use,
Leaching. The removal of soluble material from soil or
other material by percolating water,
Liquid limlt. The moisture content at which the soil
passes from a plastic to a liquid state.
Loam. Soil material that is 7 to 27 percent clay particles,
28 to 50 percent silt particles, and less than 52
percent sand particles.
Low strength. The soil is not strong enough to support
loads,
Marl. An unconsolidated mineral deposited in marine or
fresh water, It consists chiefly of silt- and clay -size
particles of calcium carbonate,
Medlum textured soil. Very fine sandy loam, loam, silt
loam, or silt.
Mineral soll. Soil that is mainly mineral material and low
in organic material, Its bulk density is more than that
of organic soil.
Minimum tlllage. Only the tillage essential to crop
production and prevention of soil damage,
Miscellaneous area. An area that has little or no natural
soil and supports little or no vegetation.
Moderately coarse textured soil. Sandy loam and fine
sandy loam.
Moderately flne textured soll. Clay loam, sandy clay
loam, and silty clay loam.
Morphology, soll. The physical makeup of the soil,
including the texture, structure, porosity,
consistence, color, and other physical, mineral, and
biological properties of the various horizons, and the
thickness and arrangement of those horizons in the
soil profile,
Mosqulto Impoundment. Areas of tidal marsh or tidal
swamp, which are diked to maintain a certain water
level to prevent breeding of mosquitos, Water
control structures can be used and altered to allow
fish movement in and out of the marshes,
Mottling, soll. Irregular spots of different colors that vary
in number and size, Mottling generally indicates poor
aeration and impeded drainage, Descriptive terms
are as follows: abundance —few, common, and
many, size —fine, medium, and coarse; and
contrast —faint, distinct, and prominent, The size
measurements are of the diameter along the
greatest dimension, Fine indicates less than 5
millimeters (about 0,2 inch); medium, from 5 to 15
millimeters (about 0,2 to 0,6 inch); and coarse, more
than 15 millimeters (about 0.6 inch),
Mounding. Filling the area for the absorption field with
suitable soil material to the level above the water
table needed to meet local and state requirements.
Muck. Dark, finely divided, well decomposed organic soil
material, (See Sapric soil material,)
Munsell notation. A designation of color by degrees of
the three simple variables —hue, value, and chroma,
For example, a notation of 10YR 6/4 is a color of
10YR hue, value of 6, and chroma of 4,
Neutral soll. A soil having a pH value between 6,6 and
7,3, (See Reaction, soil.)
No water (In tables). Too deep to ground water,
Nutrlent, plant. Any element taken in by a plant
essential to its growth. Plant nutrients are mainly
nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium,
magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, boron,
and zinc obtained from the soil and carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen obtained from the air and
water.
Open space. A relatively undeveloped green or wooded
area provided mainly within an urban area to
minimize feelings of congested living,
Organlc matter. Plant and animal residue in the soil in
various stages of decomposition.
Ortsteln. The B horizon in a spodosol that is cemented
by organic matter, by accumulated sesquioxides, or
by both.
Parent material. The unconsolidated organic and
mineral material in which soil forms.
Ped. An individual natural soil aggregate, such as a
granule, a prism, or a block.
Pedon. The smallest volume that can be called "a soil."
A pedon is three dimensional and large enough to
permit study of all horizons. Its area ranges from
about 10 to 100 square feet (1 square meter to 10
130
Soil Survey
square meters), depending on the variability of the
soil.
Percolation. The downward movement of water through
the soil.
Peres slowly (in tables). The slow movement of water
through the soil adversely affects the specified use.
Permeability. The quality of the soil that enables water
to move downward through the profile. Permeability
is measured as the number of inches per hour that
water moves downward through the saturated soil.
Terms describing permeability are:
Very slow .......................................... less than 0.06 inch
Slow........................................................ 0.06 to 0.2 inch
Moderately slow.......................................0.2 to 0.6 inch
Moderate......................................0.6 inch to 2.0 inches
Moderately rapid..................................2.0 to 6.0 inches
Rapid......................................................6.0 to 20 inches
Very rapid.......................................more than 20 inches
Phase, soil. A subdivision of a soil series based on
features that affect its use and management. For
example, slope, stoniness, and thickness.
pH value. A numerical designation of acidity and
alkalinity in soil. (See Reaction, soil.)
Piping (in tables). Subsurface tunnels or pipelike cavities
are formed by water moving through the soil.
Plasticity Index. The numerical difference between the
liquid limit and the plastic limit; the range of moisture
content within which the soil remains plastic.
Plastic limit. The moisture content at which a soil
changes from semisolid to plastic.
Ponding. Standing water on soils in closed depressions.
Unless the soils are artificially drained, the water can
be removed only by percolation or
evapotranspiration.
Poorly graded. Refers to a coarse grained soil or soil
material consisting mainly of particles of nearly the
same size. Because there is little difference in size
of the particles, density can be increased only
slightly by compaction.
Poor filter (in tables). Because of rapid permeability, the
soil may not adequately filter effluent from a waste
disposal system.
Poor outlets (in tables). In these areas, surface or
subsurface drainage outlets are difficult or expensive
to install.
Productivity, soil. The capability of a soil for producing
a specified plant or sequence of plants under
specific management.
Profile, soil. A vertical section of the soil extending
through all its horizons and into the parent material.
Rangeland. Land on which the potential natural
vegetation is predominantly grasses, grasslike
plants, forbs, or shrubs suitable for grazing or
browsing. It includes natural grasslands, savannas,
many wetlands, some deserts, tundras, and areas
that support certain forb and shrub communities.
Range condition. The present composition of the plant
community on a range site in relation to the
potential natural plant community for that site.
Range condition is expressed as excellent, good,
fair, or poor, on the basis of how much the present
plant community has departed from the potential.
Range site. An area of rangeland where climate, soil,
and relief are sufficiently uniform to produce a
distinct natural plant community. A range site is the
product of all the environmental factors responsible
for its development. It is typified by an association of
species that differ from those on other range sites in
kind or proportion of species or total production.
Reaction, soil. A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a
soil expressed in pH values. A soil that tests to pH
7.0 is described as precisely neutral in reaction
because it is neither acid nor alkaline. The degree of
acidity or alkalinity is expressed as —
pH
Extremely acid..................................................below 4.5
Very strongly acid ............................................ 4.5 to 5.0
Strongly acid.....................................................5.1 to 5.5
Medium acid ..................................................... 5.6 to 6.0
Slightly acid.......................................................6.1 to 6.5
Neutral...............................................................6.6 to 7.3
Mildly alkaline...................................................7.4 to 7.8
Moderately alkaline..........................................7.9 to 8.4
Strongly alkaline...............................................8.5 to 9.0
Very strongly alkaline..............................9.1 and higher
Relief. The elevations or inequalities of a land surface,
considered collectively.
Rippable. Rippable bedrock or hardpan can be
excavated using a single -tooth ripping attachment
mounted on a tractor with a 200-300 draw bar
horsepower rating.
Rock fragments. Rock or mineral fragments having a
diameter of 2 millimeters or more; for example,
pebbles, cobbles, stones, and boulders.
Rooting depth (in tables). There is a shallow root zone.
The soil is shallow over a layer that greatly restricts
roots.
Root zone. The part of the soil that can be penetrated
by plant roots.
Runoff. The precipitation discharged into stream
channels from an area. The water that flows off the
surface of the land without sinking into the soil is
called surface runoff. Water that enters the soil
before reaching surface streams is called ground-
water runoff or seepage flow from ground water.
Salty water (in tables.) Water is too salty for
consumption by livestock.
Sand. As a soil separate, individual rock or mineral
fragments from 0.05 millimeter to 2.0 millimeters in
diameter. Most sand grains consist of quartz. As a
soil textural class, a soil that is 85 percent or more
sand and not more than 10 percent clay.
Sapric soil material (muck). The most highly
decomposed of all organic soil material. Muck has
the least amount of plant fiber, the highest bulk
Indian River County, Florida
131
density, and the lowest water content at saturation
of all organic soil material.
Sedimentary rock. Rock made up of particles deposited
from suspension in water. The chief kinds of
sedimentary rock are conglomerate, formed from
gravel; sandstone, formed from sand; shale, formed
from clay; and limestone, formed from soft masses
of calcium carbonate. There are many intermediate
types. Some wind -deposited sand is consolidated
into sandstone.
Seepage (in tables). The movement of water through the
soil adversely affects the specified use.
Series, soil. A group of soils that have profiles that are
almost alike, except for differences in texture of the
surface layer or of the underlying material. All the
soils of a series have horizons that are similar in
composition, thickness, and arrangement.
Shrink -swell. The shrinking of soil when dry and the
swelling when wet. Shrinking and swelling can
damage roads, dams, building foundations, and
other structures. It can also damage plant roots.
Silica. A combination of silicon and oxygen. The mineral
form is called quartz.
Silt. As a soil separate, individual mineral particles that
range in diameter from the upper limit of clay (0.002
millimeter) to the lower limit of very fine sand (0.05
millimeter). As a soil textural class, soil that is 80
percent or more silt and less than 12 percent clay.
Sinkhole. A depression in the landscape where
limestone has been dissolved.
Site Index. A designation of the quality of a forest site
based on the height of the dominant stand at an
arbitrarily chosen age. For example, if the average
height attained by dominant and codominant trees in
a fully stocked stand at the age of 50 years is 75
feet, the site index is 75 feet.
Slickensldes. Polished and grooved surfaces produced
by one mass sliding past another. In soils,
slickensides may occur at the bases of slip surfaces
on the steeper slopes; on faces of blocks, prisms,
and columns; and in swelling clayey soils, where
there is marked change in moisture content.
Slope. The inclination of the land surface from the
horizontal. Percentage of slope is the vertical
distance divided by horizontal distance, then
multiplied by 100. Thus, a slope of 20 percent is a
drop of 20 feet in 100 feet of horizontal distance.
Slow intake (in tables). The slow movement of water
into the soil.
Soil. A natural, three-dimensional body at the earth's
surface. It is capable of supporting plants and has
properties resulting from the integrated effect of
climate and living matter acting on earthy parent
material, as conditioned by relief over periods of
time.
Soil Improving crops. A cover crop that adds nitrogen
and other nutrients to the soil during fallow rotation.
Soil separates. Mineral particles less than 2 millimeters
in equivalent diameter and ranging between
specified size limits. The names and sizes of
separates recognized in the United States are as
follows:
Millime-
ters
Very coarse sand.............................................2.0
to 1.0
Coarse sand .....................................................
1.0 to 0.5
Medium sand..................................................0.5
to 0.25
Fine sand......................................................0.25
to 0.10
Very fine sand..............................................0.10
to 0.05
Silt................................................................0.05
to 0.002
Clay ..........................................................less
than 0.002
Solum. The upper part of a soil profile, above the C
horizon, in which the processes of soil formation are
active. The solum in soil consists of the A, E, and B
horizons. Generally, the characteristics of the
material in these horizons are unlike those of the
underlying material. The living roots and plant and
animal activities are largely confined to the solum.
Structure, soil. The arrangement of primary soil
particles into compound particles or aggregates. The
principal forms of soil structure are —platy
(laminated), prismatic (vertical axis of aggregates
longer than horizontal), columnar (prisms with
rounded tops), blocky (angular or subangular), and
granular. Structureless soils are either single grained
(each grain by itself, as in dune sand) or massive
(the particles adhering without any regular cleavage,
as in many hardpans).
Subsoil. Technically, the B horizon; roughly, the part of
the solum below plow depth.
Substratum. The part of the soil below the solum.
Subsurface layer. Technically, the A2 horizon. Generally
refers to a leached horizon lighter in color and lower
in organic matter content than the overlying surface
layer.
Surface layer. The soil ordinarily moved in tillage, or its
equivalent in uncultivated soil, ranging in depth from
4 to 10 inches (10 to 25 centimeters). Frequently
designated as the "plow layer," or the "Ap horizon."
Taxadjuncts. Soils that cannot be classified in a series
recognized in the classification system. Such soils
are named for a series they strongly resemble and
are designated as taxadjuncts to that series
because they differ in ways too small to be of
consequence in interpreting their use and behavior.
Texture, soil. The relative proportions of sand, silt, and
clay particles in a mass of soil. The basic textural
classes, in order of increasing proportion of fine
particles, are sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, loam,
silt loam, silt, sandy clay loam, clay loam, silty clay
loam, sandy clay, silty clay, and clay. The sand,
loamy sand, and sandy loam classes may be further
divided by specifying "coarse," "fine," or "very
fine."
132
Thin layer (in tables). Otherwise suitable soil material is
too thin for the specified use.
Tllth, soil. The physical condition of the soil as related
to tillage, seedbed preparation, seedling emergence,
and root penetration.
Topsoil. The upper part of the soil, which is the most
favorable material for plant growth. It is ordinarily
rich in organic matter and is used to topdress
roadbanks, lawns, and land affected by mining.
Trace elements. Chemical elements, such as zinc,
cobalt, manganese, copper, and iron, are in soils in
extremely small amounts. They are essential to plant
growth.
Unstable fill (in tables). There is a risk of caving or
sloughing on banks of fill material.
Water control. Regulating the water table as needed by
means of canals, ditches, tile, pumping, or any other
appropriate method.
Water table. The upper limit of the soil that is wholly
saturated with water.
Water table, apparent. —A thick zone of free water in
the soil. An apparent water table is indicated by the
level at which water stands in an uncased borehole
after adequate time is allowed for adjustment in the
surrounding soil.
Water table, perched —A water table standing
above an unsaturated zone. In places an upper or
perched water table is separated from a lower one
by a dry zone.
Weathering. All physical and chemical changes
produced by atmospheric agents in rocks or other
deposits at or near the earth's surface, These
changes result in disintegration and decomposition
of the material,
Well graded. Refers to soil material consisting of course
grained particles that are well distributed over a wide
range in size or diameter. Such soil normally can be
easily increased in density and bearing properties by
compaction. This contrasts with poorly graded soil.
Wetness. (in tables). Soil that is wet during the intended
period of use.
Wilting point (or permanent wilting point). The
moisture content of soil, on an ovendry basis, at
which a plant (specifically sunflower) wilts so much
that it does not recover when placed in a humid,
dark chamber.
133
Tables
134
Soil Survey
Month
January----
February---I
March------
April------
May--------
June-------
July-------
August-----I
September --
October ----I
November ---
December ---
Total----�
TABLE 1.--TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION
[Based on data recorded at Vero Beach, Florida]
Normal
(Normal
monthly)
daily
mean
maximum
OF
1 of
61.4
i 70.0
69.1
i 71.0
70.2
79.0
73.7
i 82.0
74.4
83.0
80.5
88.0
81.6
i 91.0
81.7
91.0
80.1
i 89.0
74.9
i 85.0
71.9
i 85.0
67.5
80.0
79.9 9 74.0
Tei
'Normal
daily
minimum
of
46.0
48.0
54.0
51.0
66.0
70.0
71.0
72.0
72.0
64.0
60.0
53.0
53.0
iperature
Mean number of Gays
with temperatures of--
90 of 32 of
or higher i or lower
of of
0 4
0 0
0 0
2 i 0
0 i 0
14 i 0
25 0
19 0
18 i 0
2 i 0
0 0
0 + 0
80 4
Precipitation
Mean number of flays
with rainfall of --
Normal I '
total 10.10 incb10.50 inch
or more ! or more
In
1.92
2.16
1.74
2.05
5.58
5.58
3.81
6.68
8.31
2.24
3.51
3.78
55.00
2
8
6
9
11
11
13
13
17
6
8
8
112
1
3
5
4
4
6
8
5
7
3
5
1
52
Indian River County, Florida
135
Freeze
threshold
temperature
TABLE 2.--FREEZE DATES IN SPRING AND FALL
[Based on data recorded at Vero Beach, Florida]
Mean date of Mean date of
last spring first fall
occurrence occurence
(Mean number IYears of
of days I record
between dates! spring
Number of!
occurences'
in spring'
Years of!
record
fall
Number of
occurrences
in fall
32 of ---- � January 18, 1982 January 1 , 1982 1 (*) 17 (*) 17 (*)
(32 �F) (30 F) I I ( I I
28 of----� January 1 , 1982 December 5, 19831 (*) 1 17 (*) 17 (*)
(25 �F) (24 �F) I I + I I
*When the frequency of occurrence in either spring or fall is 1 year and in 10 or less, mean dates are
not given.
'Percent
Map unit symbol, map I of
unit name, and l survey
component soils ! area
1. Astatula- l
Archbold- I
St. Lucie: I 1.8
Astatula-----------I ---
I
I
Archbold -----------I ---
I
I
St. Lucie ----------I ---
I
Minor soils --------� ---
2. Canaveral-
Captiva-
Palm Beach:
Canaveral----------'
Captiva------------
Palm Beach---------
2.0
I
Minor soils I ---
TABLE 3.--SOIL RATINGS AND LIMITATIONS FOR SELECTED USES, BY GENERAL SOIL MAP UNIT
[The overall rating for the soil unit is based on the rating for the most dominant soil or soils]
Percent
of
map unit!
27
14
14
I
45
I
i
I
I40
I
I
I27
I
I
25
See footnotes at end of table.
Soil suitability for-- IPotential productivity! Degree and kind of limitations for --
Cropland
Very poor ---
Very poor:
droughty,
very low
fertility.
(Poor:
droughty,
y low
fertility.
INot suited:
I droughty,*
very low
1 fertility.
(Very poor--
l Very poor:
I droughty,
I very low
fertility.
IPoor:
Iwetness.
Not suited:
droughty,
very low
fertility.
land limitations for--
Sanitary
Building Recreation
i Pasture ! Pine trees
Ifacilities *
! sites ** ! areas
I I
I I
IPoor ------- ILow-------------------
I
I
ISevere ---------
I I
I I
ISlight-------- !ISevere.
lPoor: ILow:
ISevere:
ISlight -------- ISevere:
I
I droughty, I equipment limita-
I seepage,
I too sandy.
I tions,it�lin9
I very
I too sandy.
I I
ertilow,
i I
(Fair -------(Low:
(Severe:
(Slight -------- ISevere:
I I
equipment limita-
I wetness,
too sandy.
seedling
I I
I I
mortality.
I too sandy.
! Very poor: (Very
low:
(Severe:
(Slight --------!Severe:
I droughty, I
seedlingo
mortality,
filter
I poor ,
I I too sandy.
very low
equipment limita-
too sandy,
Ifertility.I
tions.
I seepage.
I I
Poor-------
IModerate -------------- !Severe ---------
Poor: 'Moderate:
droughty, ( seedling mortality,
very low I equipment limita-
fertility.! tions.
Fair: IModerate:
wetness. I seedling mortality,
I equipment limita-
Itions.
Not suitedd Very low:
droughty, I seedling mortality,
l
very low equipment limita-
fertility.( tions.
severe:
wetness,
seepage,
too sandy.
Severe:
wetness,
seepage,
too sandy.
Severe:
poor filter,
seepage,
too sandy.
Severe-------- Severe
Severe:
ISevere:
wetness.
I wetness,
Itoo sandy.
Severe:
ISevere:
wetness,
I wetness,
cutbanks
I too sandy.
cave.
,
Slight -------- iSe ertoo sandy.
Map unit symbol, map
unit name, and
component soils
3. McKee-
Quartzipsamments-
St. Augustine:
McKee--------------
Quartzipsamments---I
I
I
St. Augustine ------I
I
Minor soils--------
4. Immokalee-
Myakka-
Satellite.
Immokalee----------�
TABLE 3.--SOIL RATINGS AND LIMITATIONS FOR SELECTED USES, BY GENERAL SOIL MAP UNIT --Continued
Percent 'Percent ' ' I
of I of I Soil suitability for-- IPotential productivityl Degree and kind of limitations for --
survey Imap unit) land limitations for-- I Sanitary Building ' Recreation
area i I Cropland 1 Pasture i Pine trees ;facilities * sites ** areas
I I i I 1 II
2.3 1 --- (Not suited (Not suited lNot suited ------------ (Severe ---------
II
--- 1 58 lNot suited (Not suited lNot suited ------------ lSevere:
I I I I I flooding,
I I I I I wetness,
I I I I I peres slowly.
--- 1 21 lNot suited lNot suited lNot sutied------------ (Severe:
I I I I I wetness,
I I I I I seepage.
--- 15 iNot suited
I I
--- 6 ---
4.9 i --- Fair--------
--- i 33 (Fair:
l i wetness,
I I low
1 1 fertility,
droughty.
Myakka------------- ; ---
Satellite----------! ---
Minor soils --------i ---
See footnotes at end of table.
31
14
22
suited
Not suited ------------
i
Severe:
wetness,
poor filter,
seepage.
I I
Good------- Moderate--------------ISevere---------
Good: IModerate: lSevere:
wetness. i equipment limita- I wetness,
I tions, seedling I seepage.
I mortality. I
I
I
'Fair: 'Good: Moderate: Severe -
wetness, i wetness. j equipment limita- wetness,
1 low I I tions, seedling I seepage.
l fertility, 1 l mortality. 1
I droughty. I I I
lPoor: lFair: lModerate: lSevere:
I droughty, I droughty, l seedling mortality, I seepage,
low i low i equipment limita- i wetness,
l fertility. I fertility.tions. I poor filter.
I I
Severe -------- iSevere.
Severe: lSevere:
flooding, l flooding,
wetness, I too clayey,
subsides. excess salt.
Severe:
'Severe:
cuthanks
i too sandy.
cave,
wetness.
I
I
Severe:
(Severe:
cuthanks
I flooding,
cave,
1 too sandy.
flooding. 1.
Severe -------- !Severe.
'Severe:
I wetness,
I cuthanks
cave.
I
ISevere:
I wetness,
cuthanks
I cave.
I
(Severe:
cuthanks
I cave,
I wetness.
I
i
Severe:
wetness,
too sandy.
Severe:
wetness,
too sandy.
Severe:
too sandy,
wetness.
1
w
TABLE 3.--SOIL RATINGS AND LIMITATIONS FOR SELECTED USES, BY GENERAL SOIL MAP UNIT --Continued
'Percent
Map unit symbol, map I
I
of
unit name, and
survey
component soils i
area
5. EauGallie- I
Oldsmar- I
Wabasso:
14.2
EauGallie----------�
I
---
I
Oldsmar------------�
---
Wabasso------------
Minor soils--------
6. Myakka-Immokalee:
Myakka-------------�
I
Immokalee----------�
I
I
Minor soils --------�
i
9.5
Percent '
of I Soil suitability for--
map
unit
I Cropland i Pasture
I I
I I
--- iFair--------IGOod-------
44 (Fair: (Good:
wetness, I wetness.
I low I
I fertility.
I I
18 (Fair: (Good:
I wetness, wetness.
low
I fertility, I
I drought I
Potential productivity) De Xee
and limitations for-- I Sanita3
Pine trees ?facilities
I
Moderately high -------
Moderately high:
equipment limita-
tions, seedling
mortality, plant
competition.
'Moderately high:
seedling mortality,
equipment limita-
tions.
Y.
1 9 (Fair: (Good: IModerately high:
I I wetness, I wetness. I seedling mortality,
I I low I I equipment limita-
I I fertility. I I tions.
29 ---
--- (Fair--------
51 (Fair:
I wetness,
I low
fertility.
31 (Fair:
wetness,
low
fertility.
18 ---
See footnotes at end of table.
Good------- Moderate--------------
Good: IModerate:
wetness. I equipment limita-
I tions, seedling
� mortality.
Good:
wetness.
Moderate:
equipment limita-
tions, seedling
mortality.
Severe:
wetness,
seepage.
Severe:
wetness,
too sandy.
and kind of limitations for --
Building Recreation
sites ** i areas
I I
--ISevere-------- Severe.
ISevere: ISevere:
I wetness, I wetness,
I cuthanks I too sandy.
cave.
Severe:
wetness,
cuthanks
cave.
Severe:
too sandy,
wetness.
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
I wetness,
I wetness.
I wetness,
peres slowly,
peres slowly,
seepage.
I
I too sandy.
I
Severe---------
I
Severe--------
I
Severe.
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
I wetness,
I wetness,
I wetness,
I seepage.
I cuthanks
I too sandy
I
I cave.
I
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
I wetness,
I wetness,
I wetness,
I seepage.
I cuthanks
I too sandy
I
I cave.
I
---
i ---
i ---
1
w
OD
Cn
o_
Cn
c
2
m
Map unit symbol, map
unit name, and
component soils
7. EauGallie-
Myakka-Riviera:
EauGallie---------
Myakka-
Riviera------------
I
Minor soils --------�
8. Riviera-Pineda-
Wabasso: I
Riviera ------------�
I
I
Pineda-------------�
I
Wabasso------------
I
TABLE 3.--SOIL RATINGS AND LIMITATIONS FOR SELECTED USES, BY GENERAL SOIL MAP UNIT --Continued
Percent
of
survey
area
1.1
I
I
24.6
I
I
I
I
I I
Minor soils --------I I
i
Percent '
of I Soil suitability for-- iPotential productivity
map unit and limitations for --
Cropland i Pasture i Pine trees
I i I I
--- iFair-------- iGood------- lHoderately high-------
24 (Fair: (Good: (Moderately high: I
I wetness, I wetness. I equipment limita- I
I low I I tions, seedling I
I fertility, I I mortality, plant I
droughty. i competition.
3 (Fair: (Good: (Moderate: I
I wetness, I wetness. I equipment limita-
low tions, I
I seedling
fertility, I I mortality.
` droughti-
ness. I I I
See footnotes at end of table.
14
39
33
29
24
14
Fair: (Good:
wetness, wetness.
low
fertility.
Fair -------- ;Good -------
Fair:
wetness,
low
fertility.
Good:
wetness.
Fair: 1Good:
wetness, wetness.
low I
fertility. I
Fair: (Good:
wetness, wetness.
low I
fertility. I
Moderately high:
equipment limita-
tions, seedling
mortality.
Degree and kind of limitations for --
Sanitary
Building
Recreation
facilities *
i sites **
i areas
I
Severe --------- ISevere ----- ---
I
Severe.
Severe:
(Severe:
(Severe:
wetness,
I wetness,
I wetness,
I
seepage,
I cuthanks
too sandy.
too sandy.
I cave.
I
Severe:
ISevere:
ISevere:
wetness,
I wetness,
I wetness,
seepage.
cuthanks;
I
sandy.
I
cave.
Severe:
wetness,
seepage,
peres slowly.
Moderately high------- Severe---------
(
Moderately high:
Severe:
equipment limita-
I wetness,
tions, seedling
peres slowly.
mortality.
I
Moderately high:
(Severe:
I
seedling mortality,
wetness,
equipment limita-
I peres slowly,
tions.
i seepage.
Moderately high:
ISevere:
I
seedling mortality,
wetness,
equipment limita-
I peres slowly,
tions.
i seepage.
Severe:
'Severe:
wetness,
I wetness,
cutbanks
I too sandy,
cave.
peres slowly.
I
Severe-------- Severe.
Severe:
ISevere:
wetness.
I wetness,
, peres slowly.
Severe:
wetness,
cuthanks
cave.
Severe:
I wetness.
Severe:
I wetness,
I peres slowly,
I too sandy.
(Severe:
Iwetness,
, peres slowly.
Map unit symbol, map
unit name, and
component soils
9. Winder -Riviera -
Manatee:
Winder ------------
Riviera ------------ I
Manatee------------
Minorsoils--------
10. Boca-Wabasso-
Riviera:
Boca---------------
TABLE 3.--SOIL RATINGS AND LIMITATIONS FOR SELECTED USES, BY GENERAL SOIL MAP UNIT --Continued
Percent'Percent
Of I of
survey +map unit)
area
--- 1 54
--- i
22
I
---
8
--- ; 16
1.3
Wabasso------------i ---
I
Riviera------------i ---
I
Minor soils --------� ---
Soil suitability for--
iPotential productivityi
Degree and kind of limitations
for--
and limitations for--
Sanitary Building
Recreation
Cropland ; Pasture
i Pine trees
ifacilities * i sites **
i areas
I
Fair-------- Good -------
I
iHigh------------------
I I
(Severe --------- 'Severe --------
I
(Severe.
Fair: (Good:
(High:
Ieevere: (Severe:
Ieevere:
wetness, i wetness.
equipment limita-
peres slowly, i wetness,
i wetness,
low
tions, seedling
wetness, cutbanks
too sandy,
fertility. ±
i mortality, plant
seepage. i cave.
i peres slowly.
I
I competition.
I I
I
Fair: (Good:
I
(Moderately high:
(Severe: (Severe:
(Severe:
wetness, wetness.
I
I equipment limita-
I
I wetness, I wetness,
I wetness,
low
tions, seedling
I seepage, I cuthanks
I too sandy,
fertility. i
+ mortality.
i peres slowly. I cave.
i peres slowly.
Good: (Good:
I
(High:
(Severe: (Severe:
Ieevere:
wetness. wetness.
I
I equipment limita-
I
I wetness, I wetness.
I wetness.
I
tions, seedling
I
I seepage. I
I
mortality, plant
I I
I
II
competition.
--- jFair--------
34 (Fair: I
I wetness, I
low I
fertility.
13 (Fair: I
I wetness, I
I low I
fertility.
See footnotes at end of table.
10 'Fair:
wetness,
low
fertility.
43 ---
Fair -------
Fair:
wetness.
Good:
wetness.
Good:
wetness.
High------------------ ;Severe ---------
High:
equipment limita-
tions, seedling
mortality.
'Moderately high:
seedling mortality,
I equipment limita-
tions.
'Moderately high:
I equipment limita-
tions, seedling
mortality.
---
I
Severe:
depth to rock,,
wetness.
Severe:
wetness,
peres slowly,
seepage.
Severe--------
'Severe:
wetness,
cutbanks
cave.
Severe:
wetness.
Severe:
(Severe:
wetness,
I wetness,
I
seepage,
cuthanks
peres slowly.
cave.
Severe.
Severe:
wetness,
too sandy.
Severe:
wetness,
peres slowly.
(Severe:
I wetness,
too sandy,
I peres slowly.
i
1
A
O
CD
o_
U)
c
z
m
Map unit symbol, map
unit name, and
component soils
11. Myakka-Holopaw-
Pompano:
Myakka-------------
Holopaw------------
Pompano------------
Minor soils --------
12. Terra Ceia-Gator-
Canova:
Terra Ceia---------�
Gator--------------
Canova------------
Minor soils
TABLE 3.--SOIL RATINGS AND LIMITATIONS FOR SELECTED USES, BY GENERAL SOIL MAP UNIT --Continued
'Percent
of
survey
area
5.0
19.0
Percent
'
I
'
lPotential
'
of
Soil suitability for--
productivityl
land
Degree and
I
kind of limitations
for --
map unit)
limitations for--
Sanitary
Building
Recreation
Cropland Pasture
l Pine trees
'facilities *
l sites **
areas
---
I I
lFair--------lGood-------lModerate--------------lSevere---------'Severe--------'Severe.
I
I
I
I
19
lFair: lGood:
lModerate:
lSevere:
lSevere:
lSevere:
I wetness,y. I wetness.
I equipment limita-
I wetness,
I wetness,
I wetness,
seedling
seepage.
cuthanks
too sandy.
fertilit
ll
l aions,
i
i
i
19
IFair: (Good:
I I
IModerately high:
lSevere:
lSevere:
lSevere:
wetness, wetness.
I equipment limita-
I wetness,
I cuthanks
I wetness,
llow
I
l tions, seedling
I poor filter, l
cave,
too sandy.
fertility,
mortality.
seepage.
wetness.
l
droughti- I
I
I
I
I
ness.
I I
I
I
I
I
19 IFair:
(Good:
lModerate: lSevere:
lSevere:
lSevere:
I
wetness, I wetness.
I equipment limita-
I wetness,
I cuthanks I
wetness,
llow l
l tions, seedling
l poor filter,
I cave,
I too sandy.
fertility,
mortality.
seepage.
wetness.
droughti- I
I
I
I
I
I ness. I
I
I
I
I
43
--- I ---
I ---
I ---
I ---
I ---
--- 'Good-----
58 'Good:
I ponding.
I
21 lGood:
1ponding.
I
18 lFair:
I ponding.
a I
See footnotes at end of table.
3 ! ---
Good -------i
Good: I
ponding. l
I
Good: I
ponding. l
I
Good: I
ponding. l
I
Not suited ------------
Not suited ------------
Not suited ------------
ligh:
equipment limita-
tions, seedling
mortality.
Severe ---------
lSevere:
I ponding,
I poor filter,
I excess humus.
lSevere:
I ponding,
I excess humus,
I seepage.
lSevere:
I ponding,
lseepage,
excess humus.
I
Severe -------- 'Severe.
Severe: lSevere:
excess humus,l ponding,
ponding, I excess humus.
low strength.'
Severe -------- lSevere:
I ponding,
excess humus.
Severe: i
ponding. I
I
Severe:
ponding,
excess humus.
n
m
m
0
c
0
n
m
Map unit symbol, map
unit name, and
component soils
TABLE 3.--SOIL RATINGS AND LIMITATIONS FOR SELECTED USES, BY GENERAL SOIL MAP UNIT --Continued
'Percent
I of
survey
area
13. Floridana-Delray-
Holopaw: 1
Floridana ---------- !
Delray -------------
Holopaw------------
2.8
Minor soils --------i ---
Percent '
of I Soil suitability for --
map unit
I Cropland ' Pasture
I I
--- Poor -------- 'Fair-------
25 Poor: 'Fair:
I ponding, I wetness.
I wetness. I
25 (Poor: (Fair:
Iponding, i wetness.
I wetness. I
15 (Fair: (Good:
I wetness, I wetness.
I low I
fertility,
droughti-
I ness. I
35---
!Potential productivity! Degree and kind of limitations for --
'and limitations for--
' Sanitary
Building
' Recreation
Pine trees
'facilities *
i sites **
areas
I
'Moderately high -------
I
iISevere ---------
I I
'ISevere -------- 'Severe.
IModerately high:
(Severe:
(Severe:
(Severe:
equipment limita-
I ponding,
i cutbanks
ponding,
I tions, seedling
peres slowly,
cave,
peres slowly.
I mortality.
I
I seepage.
I
I ponding.
I
I
IModerately high:
ISevere:
(Severe:
ISevere:
Iequipment limita-
I ponding,
i ponding,
I ponding.
I tions, seedling
seepage.
cutbanks
I mortality.
I
I
I
I cave.
I
I
Moderately high:
'Severe:
±Severe:
Severe:
equipment limita-
wetness,
cutbanks
I wetness,
tions, seedling
i poor filter,
I cave,
I too sandy.
I mortality.
I
I seepage.
I
I wetness.
I
I
I
* Ratings apply to septic tank absorption fields and trench sanitary landfills.
** Ratings apply to dwellings without basements, small commercial buildings, and local roads and streets.
Indian River County, Florida
143
Map
symbol
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
31
32
33
34
35
36
39
40
41
42
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
TABLE 4.--ACREAGE AND PROPORTIONATE EXTENT OF THE SOILS
Soil name
iCanaveralfine sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes -----------------------------------------
Chobeeloamy fine sand -------------------------------------------------------------
EauGalliefine sand ----------------------------------------------------------------I
IImmokaleefine sand -----------------------------------------------------------------
IMyakkafine sand --------------------------------------------------------------------
Ifine sand -------------------------------------------------------------------
IPalm Beach sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes ---------------------------------------------I
(Paola sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes--------------------------------------------------
IPeppersand------------------------------------------------------------------------I
Rivierafine sand-------------------------------- - - - - -I
lSt. Lucie sand, 0 to 8 percent slopes ----------------------------------------------
Archbold sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes -----------------------------------------------
lWabasso fine sand ------------------------------------------------------------------I
(Winder fine sand -------------------------------------------------------------------I
(Manatee loamy fine sand------------------------------------ I
-----------------------
-
IPinedafine sand -------------------------------------------------------------------I
Quartzipsamments, 0 to 5 percent slopes______________ ----_Captiva fine sand----------- - -----------------
IIBeaches--------------------------------------------- -----------------------------
-IPomello sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes ------------------------------------------------
lUrban land -------------------------------------------------------------------------
lArents,O to 5 percent slopes -------------------------------------------------------
iFloridanasand ---------------------------------------------------------------------
ISt. Augustine sand -----------------------------------------------------------------I
St. Augustine fine sand, organic substratum________________________________________
Boca -Urban land complex----------
IEauGallie-Urban land complex -------------------------------------------------------I
IImmokalee-Urban land complex -------------------------------------------------------I
IJupiterfine sand ------------------------------------------------------------------I
Jonathansand, 0 to 5 percent slopes -----------------------------------------------
lAstatula sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes -----------------------------------------------
ISatellite fine sand ----------------------------------------------------------------I
(McKee mucky clay loam --------------------------------------------------------------
Bocafine sand ---------------------------------------------------------------------
IMalabarfine sand ------------------------------------------------------------------- I
IGator muck --------------------------------------------------------------------------
I
ICanova muck -------------------------------------------------------------------------
I
ITerra Ceia muck ---------------------------------------------------------------------
I
IPerrine Variant loamy fine sand ----------------------------------------------------
I
Myakkafine sand, depressional-----------------------------------------------------
Orsinofine sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes --------------------------------------------
IHolopaw fine sand ------------------------------------------------------------------I
Electra sand, 0 to 5 percent -slopes ________________________________________________
Pompano fine sand -----------
Pits-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Riviera fine sand, depressional----------------------------------------------------I
sand,Oldsmar fine
(oamyfne dis Manatee muckysand, depressional----------------------------------------I
IRiomarclay loam -------------------------------------------------------------------I
Floridanamucky fine sand, depressional--------------------------------------------
IPinedafine sand, depressional-----------------------------------------------------I
IHolopawfine sand, depressional----------------------------------------------------I
Samsulamuck -----------------------------------------------------------------------
iLokoseefine sand------------------------------------------------------------------I
IPompanofine sand, depressional---------------------------------------------------I
(Delray muck-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
Chobee mucky loamy fine sand, depressional -----------------------------------------
lKessonmuck------------------------------------------------------------------------
Water------------------------------------------------------------------------------I
Total--------------------------------------------------------------------
* Less than 0.1 percent.
Acres
2,533
2,024
21,974
16,494
20,917
11,342
1,599
283
1,004
30,858
865
815
23,971
20,616
3,028
22,004
2,558
1,739
487
2,710
775
2,188
2,660
724
437
287
1,357
454
1,001
206
1,596
2,451
3,773
1,626
4,032
12,767
11,156
35,487
285
5,134
408
5,718
769
2,936
50
8,364
841
1,912
515
3,502
4,312
3,192
2,396
407
2,754
3,119
410
324
27,264
345,410
Percent
0.7
0.6
6.4
4.8
6.1
3.3
0.5
0.1
0.3
8.9
0.3
0.2
6.9
6.0
0.9
6.4
0.7
0.5
0.1
0.8
0.2
0.6
0.8
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.5
0.7
1.1
0.5
1.2
3.7
3.2
10.3
0.1
1.5
0.1
1.7
0.2
0.9
2.4
0.2
0.6
0.1
1.0
1.2
0.9
0.7
0.1
0.8
0.9
0.1
0.1
7.9
100.0
144
Soil Survey
TABLE S.--LAND CAPABILITY AND YIELDS PER ACRE OF CROPS AND PASTURE
[Yields are those that can be expected under a high level of management. Absence of a yield indicates that the
soil is not suited to the crop or the crop generally is not grown on the soil]
Map symbol and
soil name
1----------------
Canaveral
2 ----------------
Chobee
3 ----------------
EauGallie
4 ----------------
Immokalee
5----------------
Mya kka
6 ----------------
Oldsmar
7 ----------------
Palm Beach
8 ----------------
Paola
9 ----------------
Pepper
10---------------�
Riviera
1St. Lucie
12 ---------------
Archbold
13---- -----------
Wabasso +
14---- -----------
Winder
15---------------
Manatee
16----- ----------
Pineda
17.**
Quartzipsamments
18 ---------------
Captiva
20.**
Beaches
i
See footnotes
Land
capability
VIs
IIIw
IVw
I i
IVw
IVw
IVw
VIIs
VIs
IVw
IIIw
VIIs
I
VIs +
I
IIIw
I
IIIw +
I
IIIw
I
IIIw
IVw i
I
I
I
at end of t
Oranges
Box
400
425
375
350
350
325
able.
250
350
425
400
400
250
425
425
tee
Grapefruit
Box
525
500
575
550
550
575
300
450
575
525
i
600
425 +
500
575
400
Corn '
I
Bu I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
a
I
I
I
I
1
I
I
Tomatoes
Ton
6.0
8.0
15.0
15.0
8.0
13.0
13.0
I
8.0
I
8.0
13.0
I
I
Bahiagrass I
Grass-
I
I Pangola-
I
clover
grass
RUM* i
AUM*
i AUM*
I
--- i
15.0
I
i 13.0
I
8.0 i
12.0
I
i 10.0
I
--- I
I
--- I
8.0
I
9.0 i
I
--- i
9.0
I
I
I
I
10.0
I
I
10.0 i
I
I
12.0 i
9.0
I
--- i
I
I
12.0
I
10.0
I
5.5---
I
I
--- i
I
12.0 i
10.0
I
9.0 i
I
12.0 i
10.0
I
--- i
I
14.0 i
10.0
I
--- i
I
I
12.0 i
I
10.0
I
8.0 i
I
I
I
I
10.0 i
I
I
I
---
Indian River County, Florida
145
TABLE 5.--LAND
CAPABILITY
AND YIELDS
PER ACRE
OF CROPS AND
PASTURE --Continued
Map symbol and
soil name
I Land
icapabilityi
I
Oranges
I
iGrapefruit
I
i Corn
I
i Tomatoes
I
iBahiagrass
I
i Grass-
I
i Pangola-
I
I
I
I
, clover
grass
I
I Box
I Box
i Bu
I Ton
I AUM*
i AUM*
i AUM*
21---------------
i VIs
i 250
i 400---
Pomello
22.**
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Urban land
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
23.**
Arents
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
24---------------i
IIIw
i ---
i ---
i ---
I
i 14.0
I
i ---
I
i 13.0
I
i 10.0
Floridana
I
I
I
I
25, 26-----------i
VIIs---
I
I
I
I
St. Augustine
I
I
I
I
Boca -Urban land
I
I
I
I
28---------------i
---
i ---
i ---
i ---
i ---
I
i ---
I
i ---
I
i ---
EauGallie-
Urban land
I
I
I
I
I
I
29---------------i
---
i ---
i ---
i ---
i ---
i ---
I
i ---
I
Immokalee-
Urban land
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
31---------------i
IVw
i 375
i 500
i ---
i 16.0
---
Jupiter
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
32---------------i
VIs ±
---
i ---
± ---
i ---
i 3.0---
Jonathan
I
I
I
I
I
I
33---------------i
VIs i
350
i 400
i ---
i ---
i 3.0---
I
I
Astatula I
I
I I
I
34---------------i
VIs i
--- ±
--- ±
--- i
I
--- i
5.0---
I I
Satellite I
I
I
I
35---------------i
VIIIw---
I
I
I
I
McKee I
I
I
I
36---------------i
IIIw i
350 i
525 i
I
--- i
I
16.0 ±
I
--- i
I
--- i
9.0
Boca I
I
I
I
39---------------i
IVw i
325 i
575 i
I
--- i
I
13.0 i
I
--- i
I
12.0 i
10.0
Malabar I
I
I
I
40---------------
�
IIIw ±
--- ±
--- ±
I
170 ±
I
--- ±
I
14.0 i
I
--- i
13.0
Gator
I
I
I
I
41---------------i
IIIw i
___
i
--- i
I
--- i
I
6.0 i
I
14.0 i
I
--- i
15.0
Canova I
I
I
I
42---------------i
IIIw ±
i
--- ±
I
170 ±
I
--- i
I
14.0 ±
I
--- i
12.0
Terra Ceia
44---------------I
IIIw I
300 I
350 I
--- I
I
8.0---
I
I
Perrine Variant
See footnotes
at end of table.
146
Soil Survey
Map symbol and
soil name
TABLE 5.--LAND CAPABII
Land {
capabilityi Oranges
` Box
45---------------i VIIw ---
Myakka I {
46---------------� IVs 350
Orsino {
47---------------� IVw 375
Holopaw { {
48---------------i VIs ---
Electra { {
49---------------i IVw 300
Pompano I {
50.** I {
Pits { {
51---------------� VIIw ---
Riviera I
52---------------` VIIw ` ---
Oldsmar
53---------------i VIIw ---
Manatee { {
54---------------� VIIIw ---
Riomar I {
55---------------� VIIw ---
Floridana { {
56---------------� VIIw i ---
Pineda { {
57---------------� VIIw i ---
Holopaw I {
58---------------� VIIw i ---
Samsula I I
59---------------� IVw ` 375
Lokosee { {
60---------------i VIIw ---
Pompano {
61---------------� VIIw i ---
Delray I I
62---------------� VIIw ---
Chobee { {
63---------------i VIIIw i ---
Kesson I I
r i
* Animal -unit -month: The amount of f,
mule, five sheep, or five goats) for 30
** See description of the map unit fi
,ITY AND YIELDS PER ACRE OF CROPS AND PASTURE --Cc
I I {
Grapefruit i Corn i Tomatoes iBahiagrass
Box ` Fiu i Ton ` AuM*
{ I {
Pangola-
qrass
AUM*
450 --- --- 5.0 i --- ---
575 --- 7.0 i 8.0 10.0 10.0
I I I I I
-- ` --- --- i 6.0 i --- i ---
400 �I --- 13.0 i 8.0 10.0 10.0
{ I { I {
I I I I I
I { I { I
{ I { I {
` 400 i --- i 8.0 ` --- i 12.0 10.0
I { { { I I
I I I { I
)rage or feed required to feed one animal unit (one cow, one horse, one
lays.
)r composition and behavior characteristics of the map unit.
rntinued
Grass -
clover
AUM*
Indian River County, Florida
147
TABLE 6.--CAPABILITY CLASSES AND SUBCLASSES
[Miscellaneous areas are excluded. Absence of an
entry indicates no acreage]
'
Major management
concerns
Class
I Total
acreage
i
iErfejon lWe[Wjss
' Soil
ipr b em
Acres i Acres
i Acres
-=-
II---
III
1 166,4821
--- 1166,482
1 ---
IV
i 87,9721.
--- 1 87,564
1 408
V
---I
--- I --- I
---
11,363I - 111,363
39,5611 --- 1 35,936 1 3,625
4,6121 --- 1 4,612 1 ---
Subclass]
Climate
[c]
Acres
148
Soil Survey
TABLE 7.--RANGELAND PRODUCTIVITY
[Only the soils that support rangeland vegetation suitable for grazing are listed]
i Potential annual proauction
Map symbol and I I for kind of growing season
soil name I Range site I (dry weight)
Favorable I Average Unfavorable
I I Lb/acre I Lw adre Lb/acre
2------------------------ ISlough---------------------------------I 8,000 6,000 4,000
Chobee
I
3 ------------------------
I
ISouth Florida Flatwoods----------------I
EauGallie
I I
4------------------------
iSouth Florida Flatwoods----------------I
Immokalee
I I
5------------------------
iSouth Florida Flatwoods----------------I
Myakka
I I
6 ------------------------
ISouth Florida Flatwoods----------------I
Oldsmar
I I
8------------------------
ISand Pine Scrub ------------------------I
Paola
I I
9------------------------
ISouth Florida Flatwoods----------------i
Pepper
I I
10-----------------------
iCabbage Palm Flatwoods-----------------i
Riviera
I I
11-----------------------
ISand Pine Scrub------------------------i
St. Lucie
I I
12-----------------------
ISand Pine Scrub ------------------------I
Archbold
I I
13 -----------------------
ISouth Florida Flatwoods----------------I
Wabasso
I I
14-----------------------
ICabbage Palm Hammocks ------------------I
Winder
I I
15-----------------------
IFreshwater Marshes And Ponds -----------I
Manatee
I I
16-----------------------
ISlough---------------------------------I
Pineda
I I
21-----------------------
ISand Pine Scrub ------------------------I
Pomello I
I
24-----------------------
iFreshwater Marshes And Ponds -----------I
Floridana I
I
31----------------------- iCabbage
Palm Hammocks ------------------I
Jupiter I
I
32-----------------------ISand
Pine Scrub ------------------------I
Jonathan I
I
33----------------------- ISand
Pine Scrub ------------------------I
Astatula I
I
34----------------------- ISand
Pine Scrub ------------------------I
Satellite
6,000
4,500
3,000
6,000
I
I 4,500
I
I
I 3,000
6,000
i 4,500
I
3,000
6,000
I
3,500 i
I
6,000
I
9,000 I
I
3,500 I
I
3,500 I
I
6,000 I
I
3,500
I
10,000 I
I
8,000
3,500
I
10,000 I
I
3,500 I
I
3,500 I
I
3,500 I
I
3,500
4,500
3,000
2,500
I
I 1,500
4,500
I
3,000
6,500
4,500
I
2,500 I
1,500
I
2,500 i
I
1,500
4,500 I
3,000
I
2,500 I
1,500
I
8,500 I
5,000
I
6,000 I
4,000
I
2,500 I
I
1,500
8,500
5,000
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
Indian River County, Florida
149
TABLE 7.--RANGELAND PRODUCTIVITY—
Map symbol and
soil name I Range site
I I
I I
36-----------------------ISouth Florida Flatwoods----------------
Boca I
39----------------------- 'Cabbage Palm Flatwoods-----------------I
Malabar I I
41-----------------------IFreshwater Marshes And Ponds -----------I
Canova I I
45----------------------- iFreshwater Marshes And Ponds -----------I
Myakka I I
46-----------------------ISand Pine Scrub ------------------------I
Orsino I I
47----------------------- ISlough---------------------------------I
Holopaw I I
48-----------------------ISouth Florida Flatwoods----------------I
Electra I I
49----------------------- ISlough--------------------------------- I
Pompano
51----------------------- 'Freshwater Marshes And Ponds ----------- I
Riviera I I
52----------------------- IFreshwater Marshes And Ponds -----------I
Oldsmar I I
53-----------------------IFreshwater Marshes And Ponds -----------I
Manatee I I
55----------------------- iFreshwater Marshes And Ponds -----------I
Floridana I I
56-----------------------IFreshwater Marshes And Ponds -----------I
Pineda I I
57----------------------- IFreshwater Marshes And Ponds ----------- I
Holopaw I I
59----------------------- 'Cabbage Palm Flatwoods-----------------I
Lokosee I I
61------------------------ iFreshwater Marshes And Ponds ----------- I
Delray , ,
-Continued
Potential annual production
for kind of growing season
(dry weight)
Favorable I Average I Unfavorable
Lb/acre ` Lb/acre I Lb/acre
6,000 4,500 3,000
9,000
i
6,500
10,000
I
I
8,500
10,000
I
I
8,500
3,500
I
I
2,500
8,000
I
i
6,000
6,000
I
I
4,500
8,000
I
'
I
6,000
10,000
I
8,500
10,000
I
I
8,500
I
10,000
I
I
8,500
10,000
I
I
8,500
10,000
I
8,500
I
10,000 i
8,500
I
9,000 I
6,500
I
10,000
8,500
4,500
I
5,000
I
I 5,000
I
' 1,500
I
I 4,000
I
3,000
I
I 4,000
I
I 5,000
I
I 5,000
I
5,000
I
I 5,000
I
5,000
I
I 5,000
I
' 4,500
I
4,500
I
I
TABLE 8.--WOODLAND MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY
[Only the soils suitable for production of commercial trees are listed. Absence of an entry indicates that information was not
available]
Map symbol and
soil name
1------------------
Canaveral
2-------
Chobee
3---------
EauGallie
4---------
Immokalee
5------
Myakka
6-------
Oldsmar
8 ------------------
Paola
9 ------------------
Pepper
See footnote at
Ordi-
nation
symbol
4s
2w
3w
4w
4w
I
I
I 3w
I
Management concerns
Erosion I Equipment ISeedlingl Wind- I Plant
hazard I limitation Imortal- I throw I competition'
I I ity I hazard I
Slight Severe ISevere ISlight IModerate
Slight
ISlight
ISlight
ISlight
ISlight
I I I
{ I I
I I
Severe !ModeratelSlight (Severe
Moderate
Moderate
I {
I I
ModeratelSlight IModerate
I I
ModeratelModeratelModerate
I {
Moderate iModeratelModeratelModerate
I I I
Moderate !ModeratelSlight IModerate
5s ISlight iModerate
I 3w ISlight IModerate
end of table.
I I
I {
Severe ISlight ISlight
I I
ModeratelSlight IModerate
Potential productivity
Common trees ISite
!index
Sand pine -----------
Slash pine ----------
South Florida slash
pine --------------
Slash pine----------
Longleafpine-------
SouthFlorida slash
pine --------------
Slash pine----------
Longleafpine-------
SouthFlorida slash
pine --------------
Slash pine----------
Longleafpine-------
SouthFlorida slash
pine --------------
Slash pine----------
Longleafpine-------
SouthFlorida slash
pine --------------
Slash pine----------
Longleafpine-------
SouthFlorida slash
pine --------------
Sand pine -----------
Sand live oak-------
Slashpine----------
Longleafpine -------i
Trees to plant
70 'Slash pine, South
70 I Florida slash pine.
35 I
90 ISlash pine, South
70 I Florida slash pine.
55 I
80 ISlash pine, South
70 I Florida slash pine.
45 `
70 ISlash pine, South
65 I Florida slash pine.
35 I
70 ISlash pine, South
60 I Florida slash pine.
35
80 ISlash pine, South
65 I Florida slash pine.
45 I
-50 (Sand pine.
I
80 ISlash pine.
65I
cn
0
Cn
o_
Cn
c
z
m
Map symbol and 'Ordi-
soil name Ination{ Erosion
Isymbol,1 hazard
10 -----------------
Riviera
11 -----------------
St. Lucie
12 -----------------
Archbold
13----------------- o
14-----------------
Winder
is-----------------
Manatee
16 -----------------
Pineda
18 ----------------
Captiva.
21 -----------------
Ebmello
3W ±Slight
5s `Slight
I
5s ;Slight
3w ±Slight
I
2w ±Slight
I
2w +Slight
I
I
i
3w ;Slight
4W ±Slight
4s !Slight
See footnote at end of table.
TABLE 8.--WOODLAND
MANAGEMENT
AND
PRODUCTIVITY
--Continued
Management
concerns
Potential productivity
'
I Equipment
ISeedlingl
I
I
(Site
I
Ilimitation
Imortal-
Wind-
I throw
Plant
I competitions
Common trees
Iinde,1
Trees to plant
1
{ ity
1 hazard
I
I
{
I
IModerate
IModeratelModeratelModerate
(Slash pine ----------
1 80
ISlash pine.
I
I
I
I
ILongleaf pine -------
I 70
1
(Severe
IModeratelSlight
ISlight
(Sand pine-----------1
60
ISand pine.
I
I I
I
I Sand live oak-------
I --- I
(Severe
lModeratelSlight
ISlight
(Sand pine -----------
1 60
I
(Sand pine.
I
I
South Florida slash
I
I
I
I
I
I
I pine--------------1
35
1
IModerate
IModeratelSlight
IModerate
(Slash pine ----------
1 80
(Slash pine, South
I
I
I
I
Ioouth Florida slash
I Florida slash pine.
I
I
I
I
I pine ------------- -I
1 45
1
(Moderate
IModeratelModeratelModerate
(Slash pine ----------
1 90
ISlasb pine, South
I
I
I
I
Florida
I Florida slash pine.
I
I
I
I
(South -slash
I pine -------------
1 55
1
(Severe
I
ISevere
I
ISlight
I
IModerate
I
{Slash pine ----------
i 90
ISlash pine.
ILongleaf pine -------
1 75
1
Florida slash-1
I
1
I
1
I
1
I
1
I pine
(Red maple -----------I
68
---
1
I
lModerate
I
(Severe
ISlight
(Moderate
I
ISlash pine ----------
1 80
ISlash pine.
I
I
11,ongleaf pine -------
ISouth
1 70
1
Florida slash
1
I
I
45
I
I
I
I
1Cabbage palm --------
I ---
I
± Severe
Severe
ISlight
Moderate
+South Florida slash
(South Florida slash
I
I
I
I
I pine ------------- -I
1 35
1 pine.
(Moderate
I
(Severe
IModeratelModerate
ISlash pine ----------
I 70
ISand pine, slash pine,
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
ILongleaf pine -------
ISand
1 60
1
1 South Florida slash
1
pine -----------
60
pine.
I
I
I
I
ISouth Florida slashI
I
{
I
I
I pine--------------1
35
I
1
7
n
m
0
c
0
n
m
TABLE 8.--WOODLAND MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY --Continued
Management concerns
Map symbol and IOrdi- I ' '
soil name Inationl Erosion I Equipment ISeedlingl Wind-
Isymboll hazard I limitation Imortal- I throw
I I I I ity I hazard
I I I I I
24----------------- I 3w ISlight ISevere ISevere iSlight
Floridana
I I I I I
I I I I I
27:*
Boca -------------- I 2w Slight Moderate IModeratelSlight
Urban land. I I I I
28:* '
EauGallie---------I
3w
' '
iSlight IModerate
Urban land.
I
I
I I
I I
29:*
Immokalee ---------
I
I 4w
I I
ISlight IModerate
Urban land.
I
I
I
I I
I I
I I
31 -----------------
I 4w
ISlight ISevere
Jupiter
I
I I
32 -----------------
I 5s
ISlight IModerate
Jonathan
I
I I
33-----------------
I 5s
ISlight ISevere
Astatula
I
I I
i
See footnote at
end of
table.
i Potential productivity
I Plant I Common trees (Site
Icompetition) lindex
I I I
I I I
IModerate (Slash pine ---------- I 90
I ILongleaf pine ------- I 75
I ISoouth Florida -slash 55
I (Cabbage palm -- pine - ------I ---
I I I
IModerate ISouth Florida slash I
I I pine --------------I 55
I I 1
I I 1
ModerateSlight
I
I
IModeratelModerate
I I
I I
I I
IModeratelModeratel
I I
ISevere iSlight
IModeratelSlight
I I
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Slight
Slight
'Slash pine----------'
(Longleaf pine -------I
IISouth
pine Florida-slash
I I
I I
ISlash pine ---------- I
ILongleaf pine ------- I
ISouth Florida slash I
Ipine --------------I
I I
ISouth Florida slash I
Ipine --------------I
ISand pine ----------- I
I I
ISand pine ----------- I
ITurkey oak ---------- I
IBluejack oak -------- I
IBlackjack oak ------- I
I I
80
70
Trees to plant
Slash pine, South
Florida slash pine.
South Florida slash
I pine.
I
I
ISlash pine, South
IFlorida slash pine.
45
I
I
70 ISlash pine, South
65 I Florida slash pine.
35 I
I
ISouth Florida slash
35 I pine.
45 ISand pine.
60 ISand pine.
I
o_
c
Z
m
1<
Map symbol and
soil name
34 -----------------
Satellite
Ordi- 1
nation) Erosion
symbol hazard
4s iSlight
I
35-----------------i
---
'---------
McKee I
I
36----------------- I
2w
ISlight
Boca I
I
39----------------- I
3w
ISlight
Malabar 1
1
41 -----------------
Canova
45 -----------------
Myakka
46 -----------------
Orsino
47 -----------------
Holopaw
TABLE 8.--WOODLAND MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTIVI'
Management concerns
I I I
I Equipment ISeedlingl Wind- I Plant
I limitation Imortal- I throw I competition
I I ity I hazard I
(Moderate (Severe ISlight (Moderate
I I I I
I I I I
I I I I
I------------I--------I--------I------------
I 1 1 1
Moderate Moderate Slight 'Moderate
Moderate !Severe !Slight !Moderate
2w Flight 'Severe iModerate i Slight
4w ISlight (Severe (Severe (Severe
4s !Slight Moderate !Severe !Slight I
Moderate
Severe
Moderate
3w 'Slight 'Moderate 'Severe 'Slight iModerate
I I I I I
! ! ! ! !
See footnote at end of table.
PY--Continued
Potential producti
Common trees
I
(Slash pine------_---
ILongleaf pine-------
Sandpine -----------
South Florida slash
pine--------------
Sand live oak-------
Americanmangrove---
city
ISite I Trees to plant
index)
1 1
70 ISlash pine, sand pine,
60 I South Florida slash
65 I pine.
-35 I
'South Florida slash-i 'South Florida slash
I pine -- I 55 I pine.
ISlash pine ---------- I 80 ISlash pine, South
(Longleaf pine ------- 1 70 1
Ipine Florida slash pine.
South Florida -slash -I 45 I
ISlash pine ---------- 1 90 ISlash pine.
(Longleaf pine ------- I 75 1
( Pond pine ----------- I 60 ISouth Florida slash
I I I pine.
ISlash pine ----------I 70 ISlash pine, sand pine,
Longleaf pine------- 60 South Florida slash
(Sand pine ------------ I 70 I pine.
ISouth
Florida slash-i 35 I
ISand live oak-------1 --- I
(Turkey oak ---------- I --- I
ISlash pine ---------- I 80 ISlash pine, South
ILongleaf pine ------- 1 70 1 Florida slash pine.
ISouth Florida slash pine -I I
(Cabbage palm -------- i 45 I
n
SD
m
0
0
T
0
n
SD
f
U1
Map symbol and
soil name
48-----------------i
Electra 1
I
I
49-----------------'
Pompano 1
51 -----------------
Riviera
52 -----------------
Oldsmar
53 -----------------
Manatee
54 -----------------
Riomar
55-----------------'
Floridana I
I
I
56-----------------I
Pineda 1
57-----------------I
Holopaw 1
59------
Lokosee
Ordi-
nation
symbol
TABLE 8.--WOODLAND MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY --Continued
Management concerns
Erosion I Equipment 'Seedling) Wind -
hazard , limitation mortal- throw
I
4s iSlight
I
I
I
4w ISlight
I
4w !Slight
4w iSlight
I
2w ISlight
3w ISlight
I
I
4w ISlight
I
3w ISlight
I
3w ISlight
I
I
See footnote at end of table.
' ity ' hazard
I I
Moderate (Severe ISlight
I I
i Potential productivity
Plant I Common trees ISite I Trees to plant
competition 'index)
I I I
I I I
Slight (Slash pine ---------- 1 70 'Slash pine, sand pine,
'Sand pine ----------- 1 65 1 South Florida slash
I I I I
I I I I
'Severe 'Severe (Slight 'Moderate
I I I I
(Severe (Severe (Severe 'Severe
I I I I
(Severe (Severe ISlight 'Severe
Severe !Severe
---------------------
Severe (Severe
Severe
Moderate
Moderate
Severe
I
(Severe
I
(Moderate
I
I
I I
ISlight (Moderate
I I
I I
ISlight (Severe
I I
I I
(Severe (Severe
I I
'Slight (Severe
I I
IModerate'Moderate
I I
I I
ILongleaf pine ------- 1 65 1 pine.
(South Florida slashI I
I pine -1 35 1
'Slash pine----------' 70 ISlash pine, South
ISouth Florida slash-1 I Florida slash pine.
I pine ------------- 1 45 1
(Pond pine ----------- I 60 '
1 1 1
(Pond pine ----------- I 60 I
1 1 1
(Pond pine-----------' 65 '
1 1 1
----(American mangrove ---I --- I
I I I
IPond ICypressne----------- i 65 IPFloridaes,
lashtpine,
I I I slash pine.
(Pond pine-----------' 60 '
1 1 1
(Pond pine-----------' 60 ISouth Florida slash
I I I pine, slash pine.
ISlash pine----------' 80 ISlash pine, South
'Water
pine------- 1 -70 1 Florida slash pine.
Water oak-----------
1Live oak ------------ I --- 1
ISouth Florida slash -I I
I pine ------------- 1 45 1
i 1
TABLE B.--WOODLAND MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY --Continued
Management concerns ' Potential productivity '
Map symbol and IOrdi- I 9 1 1 1
soil name inationi Erosion i Equipment iSeedlingi Wind- I Plant I Common trees iSite I
Isymboll hazard I limitation 'mortal- I throw I competition, lindexl
I I I I ity I hazard I I I I
I I I I I I I I I
60----------------- i 4w jSlight iSevere Severe iSevere iSevere jPond pine ----------- i 60 i
Pompano I I I I I I I I I
61----------------- j 3w jSlight iSevere iSevere jSlight iSevere jPond pine ----------- i 65 i
Delray I I I I I I I I I
* See description of the map unit for composition and behavior characteristics of the map unit.
Trees to plant
n
sn
m
0
0
c
0
n
m
156 Soil Survey
TABLE 9.--RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
[Some terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for definitions
of "moderate" and "severe." Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was not rated]
Map symbol and
soil name
1---------------------
Canaveral
Camp areas
Severe:
wetness,
too sandy.
2--------------------- 'Severe:
Chobee ` wetness,
{ peres slowly.
3--------------------- {Severe:
EauGallie { wetness,
too sandy.
4--------------------- 'Severe:
Immokalee { wetness,
! too sandy.
5--------------------- 'Severe:
Myakka wetness,
` too sandy.
6--------------------- {Severe:
Oldsmar i wetness,
{ peres slowly,
{ too sandy.
7--------------------- Severe:
Palm Beach i too sandy.
8--------------------- {Severe:
Paola ! too sandy.
Pepper
I
10 --------------------
Riviera
i
11 --------------------
St. Lucie
Severe:
wetness,
peres slowly,
too sandy.
Severe:
wetness,
peres slowly,
too sandy.
Severe:
too sandy.
12-------------------- 'Severe:
Archbold ` too sandy.
13-------------------- Severe:
Wabasso wetness,
{ peres slowly,
too sandy.
14-------------------- {Severe:
Winder I wetness,
{ peres slowly,
{ too sandy.
i
See footnote at end of table.
Picnic areas
{
Severe:
too sandy.
Severe:
wetness,
peres slowly.
Severe:
wetness,
too sandy.
`Severe:
wetness,
` too sandy.
{Severe:
{ wetness,
too sandy.
Severe:
wetness,
too sandy,
peres slowly.
Severe:
too sandy.
Severe:
too sandy.
Severe:
wetness,
too sandy,
peres slowly.
Severe:
wetness,
too sandy,
peres slowly.
Severe:
too sandy.
Severe:
too sandy.
Severe:
wetness,
too sandy,
peres slowly.
Severe:
wetness,
too sandy,
peres slowly.
Playgrounds
+Paths and trails
{
Severe:
a
{Severe:
too sandy,
i too sandy.
wetness.
Severe:
Severe:
wetness,
wetness.
{ peres slowly.
{
Severe:
{Severe:
wetness,
wetness,
I too sandy.
i
{ too sandy.
{Severe:
Severe:
too sandy,
i wetness,
{ wetness.
{ too sandy.
{Severe:
{Severe:
{ too sandy,
{ wetness,
wetness.
` too sandy.
{Severe:
{Severe:
too sandy,
i wetness,
wetness,
I too sandy.
peres slowly.
{
Severe:
Severe:
too sandy.
i too sandy.
{Severe:
Severe:
too sandy.
i too sandy.
Severe:
{Severe:
too sandy,
wetness,
wetness,
{ too sandy.
{ cemented pan.
{
{Severe:
Severe:
{ too sandy,
= wetness,
wetness.
I too sandy.
{Severe:
{Severe:
Ian too sdy.
i too sandy.
{Severe:
{Severe:
too sandy.
i too sandy.
{Severe:
Severe:
{ too sandy,
{ wetness,
wetness,
too sandy.
peres slowly.
{
{Severe:
Severe:
` too sandy,
wetness,
wetness,
too sandy.
{
{ peres slowly.
i
{
{
Golf fairways
'Severe:
` droughty.
{Severe:
wetness.
{
{Severe:
{ wetness,
droughty.
Severe:
wetness,
droughty.
Severe:
wetness.
Severe:
wetness,
droughty.
Severe:
droughty.
Severe:
droughty.
Severe:
wetness,
thin layer.
Severe:
wetness.
Severe:
droughty.
Severe:
droughty.
Severe:
wetness.
Severe:
wetness.
Indian River County, Florida
157
Map symbol and i
soil name
TABLE 9.--RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT --Continued
Camp areas i Picnic areas i Playgrounds !Paths and trails!
15-------------------- 'Severe:
Manatee i wetness.
16-------------------- ISevere:
Pineda I wetness,
peres slowly,
I too sandy.
17*------------------- ISevere:
Quartzipsamments I too sandy.
18-------------------- ISevere:
Captiva i wetness,
too sandy.
20.*
Beaches I
21-------------------- ISevere:
Pomello I too sandy.
22.*
Urban land I
23*------------------- ISevere:
Arents i too sandy.
I
24-------------------- ISevere:
Floridana i wetness,
I peres slowly,
I too sandy.
25-------------------- ISevere:
St. Augustine flooding,
itoo sandy.
2Severe:
St. Augustine Iflooding,
I too sandy,
excess salt.
27:* '
Boca----------------- ISevere:
wetness,
itoo sandy.
Urban land. '
I
28:*
EauGallie------------ ISevere:
iwetness,
i too sandy.
Urban land.
See footnote at end of table.
iSevere:
I wetness.
ISevere:
I wetness,
I too sandy,
I
peres slowly.
iSevere:
too sandy.
Severe:
wetness,
too sandy.
Severe:
too sandy.
Severe:
too sandy.
Severe:
wetness,
too sandy,
peres slowly.
Severe:
too sandy.
Severe:
too sandy,
excess salt.
Severe:
wetness,
too sandy.
Severe:
wetness,
too sandy.
Severe: 'Severe:
wetness. wetness.
'Severe -
itoo sandy,
wetness,
I peres slowly.
iSevere:
I too sandy.
IS
evere:
too sandy,
iwetness.
Severe:
too sandy.
'Moderate:
I slope,
iwetness.
IS
evere:
too sandy,
I
wetness,
I peres slowly.
ISevere:
i too sandy.
Severe:
too sandy,
excess salt.
severe:
too sandy,
wetness.
'Severe:
I wetness,
I too sandy.
I
I
'Severe:
iwetness,
I too sandy.
I
ISevere:
i too sandy.
Severe:
wetness,
too sandy.
I
ISevere:
too sandy.
Severe:
too sandy.
Severe:
wetness,
too sandy.
Golf fairways
iSevere:
I wetness.
ISevere:
I wetness,
I droughty.
I
iSevere:
I droughty.
ISevere:
wetness,
i droughty.
Severe:
droughty.
Severe:
droughty.
Severe:
wetness.
I
Severe: ISevere:
too sandy. I
droughty.
I
Severe: ISevere:
too sandy. I
excess salt.
I
I
Severe: ISevere:
wetness, I
wetness,
too sandy. i
I
droughty.
I
Severe: ISevere:
wetness, I
wetness,
too sandy. I
I
I
I
droughty.
158
Soil Survey
Map symbol and
soil name
29:*
Immokalee------------
Urban land.
31 ----------
Jupiter
TABLE 9.--RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT --Continued
Camp areas
Severe:
wetness,
too sandy.
---------ISevere:
wetness,
I too sandy,
depth to rock.
32-------------------- ISevere:
Jonathan I too sandy.
33-------------------- ISevere:
Astatula I too sandy.
34-------------------- ISevere:
Satellite I wetness,
Itoo sandy.
35-------------------- ISevere:
McKee I flooding,
I wetness,
Iexcess salt.
36-------------------- ISevere:
Boca I wetness,
, too sandy.
39 ---------------------
Malabar
40 ----------------------
Gator
41 --------------------
Canova
42 --------------------
Terra Ceia
44 --------------------
Perrine Variant
Severe:
wetness,
too sandy.
Severe:
ponding,
peres slowly,
excess humus.
Severe:
ponding,
excess humus.
Severe:
ponding,
excess humus.
Severe:
ponding.
45--------------------- ISevere:
Myakka I ponding,
I too sandy.
46--------------------- ISevere:
Orsino I too sandy.
I
See footnote at end of table.
Picnic areas
`Severe:
{ wetness,
too sandy.
ISevere:
I wetness,
I too sandy,
Idepth to rock.
ISevere:
i too sandy.
Severe:
too sandy.
Severe:
too sandy.
Severe:
wetness,
too clayey,
excess salt.
ISevere:
I wetness,
Itoo sandy.
ISevere:
I wetness,
too sandy.
Playgrounds (Paths and trails{ Golf fairways
Severe:
too sandy,
wetness.
Severe:
too sandy,
wetness,
depth to rock.
Severe:
too sandy.
Severe:
too sandy.
Severe:
too sandy,
wetness.
Severe:
flooding,
wetness,
excess salt.
Severe:
too sandy,
wetness.
Severe:
too sandy,
wetness.
Severe: 'Severe:
ponding, I excess humus,
excess humus, I ponding,
peres slowly. I peres slowly.
Severe: ISevere:
ponding, I excess humus,
excess humus. I ponding.
Severe: ISevere:
ponding, I excess humus,
excess humus. I ponding.
Severe: ISevere:
ponding. I ponding.
Severe: 'Severe:
ponding, I too sandy,
too sandy. I ponding.
Severe: ISevere:
too sandy. I too sandy.
I
Severe:
wetness,
too sandy.
Severe:
wetness,
too sandy.
Severe:
too sandy.
Severe:
too sandy.
Severe:
too sandy.
Severe:
wetness,
too clayey.
I
ISevere:
Iwetness,
I droughty.
ISevere:
wetness,
ithin layer.
Severe:
droughty.
Severe:
droughty.
Severe:
droughty.
Severe:
excess salt,
wetness,
flooding.
Severe:
Severe:
wetness,
wetness,
too sandy.
I droughty.
Severe:
ISevere:
wetness,
wetness,
too sandy.
I droughty.
Severe:
ISevere:
ponding,
I ponding,
excess humus.
I excess humus.
ISevere:
ISevere:
ponding,
I ponding,
excess humus.
excess humus.
ISevere:
I ponding,
I excess humus.
ISevere:
, ponding.
Severe:
ponding,
too sandy.
Severe:
too sandy.
'Severe:
Iponding,
{ excess humus.
ISevere:
Iponding,
I thin layer.
ISevere:
Iponding.
ISevere:
Idroughty.
Indian River County, Florida
159
Map symbol and
soil name
47 --------------------
Holopaw
48 --------------------
Electra
49 --------------------
Pompano
50.*
Pits
51------
Riviera
TABLE 9.--RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT --Continued
Camp areas
Severe:
wetness,
too sandy.
Severe:
too sandy.
Severe:
wetness,
too sandy.
Severe:
ponding,
peres slowly,
too sandy.
52-------------------- ISevere:
Oldsmar i ponding,
too sandy,
peres slowly.
53 -------------------- ISevere:
Manatee i ponding.
54 -------------------- ISevere:
Riomar I flooding,
wetness,
I peres slowly.
55-------------------- ISevere:
Floridana i ponding,
peres slowly, I
too sandy.
56 --------------------
Pineda
57 --------------------
Holopaw
58 --------------------
Samsula
59 --------------------
Lokosee
60 --------------------
Pompano
Severe:
ponding,
peres slowly,
too sandy.
severe:
ponding,
too sandy.
Severe:
ponding,
excess humus.
Severe:
wetness,
too sandy.
Severe:
ponding,
too sandy.
See footnote at end of table.
Picnic areas
i Playgrounds
I
(Paths and trailsi Golf fairways
I I
Severe:
I
I
ISevere:
I
I
ISevere:
I
I
ISevere:
wetness,
I too sandy,
I wetness,
I wetness,
too sandy.
i wetness.
i too sandy.
i droughty.
Severe:
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
too sandy.
i too sandy.
i too sandy.
i droughty.
Severe:
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
wetness,
too sandy,
i wetness,
i wetness,
too sandy.
i
I wetness.
I
I too sandy.
I
I droughty.
I
Severe:
I
I
ISevere:
I
I
ISevere:
I
I
ISevere:
ponding,
i too sandy,
ponding,
ponding.
too sandy,
ponding.
i too sandy.
i
peres slowly.
I
I
I
I
I
I
Severe:
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
ponding,
I too sandy,
I
I ponding,
I ponding,
too sandy,
ponding,
I too sandy.
I droughty.
peres slowly.
i peres slowly.
I
I
Severe:
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
ponding.
i ponding.
i ponding.
i ponding.
Severe:
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
wetness,
flooding,
wetness,
i flooding,
excess salt,
i wetness,
i too clayey,
wetness,
peres slowly.
I
I peres slowly.
I
I excess humus.
I
I excess salt.
Severe:
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
ponding,
i too sandy,
i ponding,
i ponding.
too sandy,
I ponding,
I too sandy.
peres slowly.
I peres slowly.
I
I
I
Severe:
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
ponding,
i too sandy,
i ponding,
i ponding.
too sandy,
ponding,
too sandy.
peres slowly.
I
I peres slowly.
I
I
I
I
Severe:
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
ponding,
i too sandy,
i ponding,
i ponding,
too sandy.
I ponding.
I too sandy.
I droughty.
Severe:
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
ponding,
excess humus,
ponding,
i ponding,
excess humus.
i
I ponding.
i
I excess humus.
I excess humus.
Severe:
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
wetness,
I too sandy,
I wetness,
I wetness,
too sandy.
i wetness.
i too sandy.
i droughty.
Severe:
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
ponding,
i too sandy,
i ponding,
i ponding,
too sandy.
I ponding.
too sandy.
I
I droughty.
fiVIII
Soil Survey
Map symbol and
soil name
61-----
Delray
62 --------------------
Chobee
63 --------------------
Kesson
TABLE 4.--
Camp areas
Severe:
ponding,
excess humus.
Severe:
ponding,
peres slowly.
Severe:
flooding,
wetness.
RECREATIONAL DEVI
Picnic areas
Severe:
ponding,
excess humus.
Severe:
ponding,
peres slowly.
Severe:
wetness,
excess salt.
:LOPMENT--Continued
Playgrounds iPaths and trails)
I
Severe: Severe:
ponding, ponding,
excess humus. excess humus.
Severe: Severe:
ponding, 4 ponding.
peres slowly. I
Severe: Severe:
wetness, I wetness.
flooding.
Golf fairways
Severe:
ponding,
excess humus.
Severe:
ponding.
Severe:
excess salt,
flooding,
wetness.
* See description of the map unit for composition and behavior characteristics of the map unit.
Indian River County, Florida
161
TABLE 10.--WILDLIFE HABITAT
[See text for definitions of "good," "fair," "poor," and "very poor." Absence of an entry
indicates that the soil was not rated]
Potential for hab}tat elements iPotential as habitat for--
Map symbol and Grain ' 'Wild ' ' Open- ' Wood- '
soil name I and IGrasseslherba-lHard- IConif-lWetlandlShallowl land I land I Wetland
(seed I and I ceousl wood i erouslplants I water I wild- I wild- I wild-
Icrops Ilequmeslplantsltrees iplants1 I areas I life I life I life
1------------------ IPoor (Poor lFair (Poor (Poor lVery lVery (Poor (Poor lVery
Canaveral I I I I I I poor. I poor. I I I poor.
2 ------------------ IPoor IPoor IPoor (Fair IPoor (Good (Good IPoor IPoor (Good.
Chobee I I I I I I I I I I
3------------------ IPoor IPoor (Fair IPoor IPoor IPoor IPoor IPoor IPoor IPoor.
EauGallie I I I I I I I I I I
4------------------ IPoor IPoor (Fair IPoor IPoor (Fair IPoor IPoor IPoor IPoor.
Immokalee I I I I I I I I I I
5------------------ IPoor (Fair (Fair IPoor IPoor (Fair IPoor (Fair IPoor IPoor.
Myakka I I I I I I I I I I
6------------------ IPoor (Fair (Fair IPoor (Fair IPoor IPoor (Fair (Fair IPoor.
Oldsmar I I I I I I I I I I
7------------------ lVery IPoor IPoor lVery lVery lVery lVery IPoor lVery lVery
Palm Beach I poor.l I I poor.I poor.I poor. I poor. I I poor. I poor.
8------------------ IVery IPoor IPoor IPoor IPoor (Very (Very IPoor IPoor (Very
Paola I poor.l I I I I poor. I poor. I I I poor.
9------------------ IPoor (Fair (Fair IPoor (Fair IPoor IPoor (Fair (Fair IPoor.
Pepper I I I I I I I I I I
10----------------- IPoor (Fair (Fair (Fair (Fair IPoor (Fair (Fair (Fair (Fair.
Riviera I I I I I I I I I I
11----------------- IVery IPoor IPoor IPoor IPoor lVery lVery IPoor IPoor lVery
St. Lucie I poor.) I I I I poor. I poor. I I I poor.
12------------------ IVery IPoor IPoor lVery IPoor lVery lVery IPoor lVery lVery
Archbold I poor.) I I poor.l I poor. I poor. I I poor. I poor.
13----------------- IPoor IPoor IPoor IPoor (Good (Fair IPoor IPoor (Fair IPoor.
Wabasso I I I I I I I I I I
14----------------- IPoor (Fair (Fair (Fair (Fair (Fair (Fair (Fair (Fair (Fair.
Winder I I I I I I I I I I
15----------------- IPoor IPoor (Fair IPoor (Fair (Good (Good IPoor IPoor (Good.
Manatee I I I I I I I I I I
16----------------- IPoor (Fair (Fair IPoor IPoor (Good (Fair (Fair IPoor (Fair.
Pineda I I I I I I I I I I
17.* I I I I I I I I I I
Nartzipsamments I I I I I I I I I I
18----------------- IPoor (Fair (Fair (Fair IPoor (Good (Good IPoor (Fair (Good.
Captiva I I I
i i i
See footnote at end of table.
162
Soil Survey
Map symbol and
soil name
HABITAT --Continued
aments iPotentla1 as hat
en- I Wood-
WetlandlShallowl land I land
plants I water I wild- I wild -
areas I life I life
I I I
I I I
2Beaches I I I I I I I I I
21----------------- IPoor (Poor (Poor (Poor (Poor IVery IVery (Poor (Poor
Pomello I I I I I I poor. i poor. 1 1
22.* I I I I I I
Urban land I I I I I I
23.* I I I I I I
Arents I I I I I I
24----------------- IPoor IPoor (Fair IPoor IPoor (Good
Floridana I I I I I I
25, 26------- - ----- IVery IVery lVery IPoor IPoor IPoor
St. Augustine I poor.I poor. I poor.
27.* 1 1 1 1 1
Boca -------------- IPoor (Fair (Fair Poor IPoor (Good
Urban land.
2a.
.* I I I I I I
EauGallie--------- IPoor IPoor (Fair IPoor IPoor IPoor
Urban land. I I I I I I
29s* I I I I I I
Immokalee--------- IPoor IPoor (Fair IPoor IPoor (Fair
Urban land. I I I I I I
Grain
and
seed
crops
TABLE 10.--WILDLIFE
Poten ad
for nabItat e14
Grasseslhierba-1Hard- 1Conif-
and I ceousl wood I erous
leQumesiplantsitrees plants
I I I
I I I
Good
i
Poor
Fair
I
I
Poor
I
Poor
31----------------- IPoor IPoor IPoor IPoor IPoor (Good IPoor
Jupiter
32----------------- IPoor IPoor IPoor IPoor IPoor Very IVery
Jonathan I I I I I poor. I poor.
33----------------- IPoor IPoor IPoor IPoor IPoor Very IVery
Astatula I I I I I I poor. I poor.
34-----------------IVery IPoor IPoor IPoor IPoor IPoor (Very
Satellite I poor.) I I I I I poor.
35----------------- IVery IVery IVery IVery IVery iFair 1Good
McKee I poor.I poor. I poor.I poor.I poor.) I
36----------------- IPoor (Fair (Fair IPoor IPoor (Good (Fair
Boca
39----------------- IPoor IPoor IPoor IPoor IPoor (Fair (Fair
Malabar I I I I I I I
40----------------- IVery IVery IVery IPoor IVery (Good (Good
Gator I poor.) poor. I poor.) I poor. I
41-----------------IPoor (Fair (Fair IPoor IPoor Good (Good
Canova I I I I I I
See footnote at end of table.
Utat for--:
Wetland
wild-
life
Very
poor.
I I
I I
Poor IPoor (Good.
Very IVery IPoor.
poor. I poor. I
I I
Fair IPoor (Fair.
I I
Poor !Poor !Poor.
Poor
IPoor
I
Poor
I
IPoor
Poor
I
IPoor
Poor
I
IPoor
Poor
I
IPoor
Very
IVery
poor.
I poor.
Fair
!Poor
Poor IPoor
Very IVery
poor. I poor.
Poor IPoor
I
!Poor.
'Fair.
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Fair.
Fair.
Fair.
Good.
Good.
Indian River County, Florida
163
Map symbol and
soil name
42 -----------------
Terra Ceia
44 -----------------
Perrine Variant
45 -----------------
Myakka
46 -----------------
Orsino
47 -----------------
Holopaw
48 -----------------
Electra
49 -----------------
Pompano
50.*
Pits
51 -----------------
Riviera
52 -----------------
Oldsmar
53 -----------------
Manatee
54 -----------------
Riomar
55 -----------------
Floridana
56 -----------------
Pineda
57 -----------------
Holopaw
58 -----------------
Samsula
59 -----------------
Lokosee
60 -----------------
Pompano
61 -----------------
Delray
62 -----------------
Chobee
See footnote at
Grain
and
seed
crops
Very
poor.
Poor
Very
poor.
Poor
Poor
Poor
Poor
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Poor
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Poor
end ofl
Foti
Grasses
and
legumes
Poor
Fair
Very
poor.
Poor
Fair
Poor
Fair
Poor
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Poor
Poor
Very
poor.
Fair
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Poor
table.
TABLE
antial f
Wild
herba-
ceous'
plants'
Poor
Fair
Very
poor.
Poor
Fair
Fair
Poor
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Poor
Fair
Poor
Very
poor.
Poor
10.--WILDLIFE
or habitat e14
Hard- lConif-
wood erous
trees iplants
Poor ±Poor
Very ±Very
poor.l poor.
Very Very
poor.1 poor.
Poor iPoor
Poor iFair
i
Poor ±Poor
Poor !Poor
Very
poor.'
Very
poor.'
Very
poor.)
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Fair
Fair
Poor
Very
poor.
Fair
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Ve ry
poor.
Very
poor.
Fair
Poor
Very
poor.
Poor
HABITAT-
!ment
Wetland'
plants
Good
Good
Fair
Very
poor.
Fair
Poor
Fair
Good
Fair
Good
Fair
Good
Good
Good
Good
Poor
Good
Good
Good
-Contini
Shallow
water
areas
Good
Good
Good
Very
poor.
Fair
Poor
Fair
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Poor
Good
Good
Good
ied
Potentli
Open -
land
wild-
life
Poor
Poor
Very
poor.
Poor
Fair
Poor
Poor
Very
poor
Very
poor
Very
poor
Very
poor
Very
poor
Very
poor
Very
poor
Very
poor
Very
poor
Very
poor
Poor
!1 as ha!
Wood-
land
wild-
life
Poor
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Poor
(Fair
iPoor
(poor
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Very
poor.
Poor
Fair
Poor
Very
poor.
Poor
Utat tor --
Wetland
wild-
life
Good.
Good.
Good.
Very
poor.
Fair.
Poor.
I
Fair.
Good.
I
(Good.
11
Good.
(Fair.
I
iGood.
iGood.
I
iGood.
I
IGood.
I
IPoor.
IGood.
I
Good.
,Good.
164 Soil Survey
Map symbol and
soil name
TABLE 10.--WILDLIFE HABITAT --Continued
Potential for habitat elements Potential as naDitat for --
Grain wile I Lfen- wooa-
and IGrasseslherba-IHard- IConif-IWetlandIShallowl land I land I Wetland
seed I and I ceousl wood I erouslplants I water I wild- I wild- I wild -
crops 'lequmes'plants'trees 'plants' ' areas ' life ' life ' life
I I I I I I I I I
63----------------- iVery 'Very 'Poor 'Very 'Very 'Fair 'Fair 'Very 'Very (Fair.
Kesson I poor.) poor. I I poor.) poor.) I I poor. I poor. I
* See description of the map unit for composition and behavior characteristics of the map unit.
Indian River County, Florida 165
TABLE ll.--BUILDING SITE DEVELOPMENT
[Some terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for definitions of
"slight," "moderate," and "severe." Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was not rated. The
information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite
investigation]
Map symbol and
soil name
1-----------------
Canaveral
2 -----------------
Chobee
3 -----------------
EauGallie
Shallow I Dwellings
excavations I without
basements
I
Severe: 'Severe:
cutbanks cave,; wetness.
wetness. ,
Severe: 'Severe:
wetness. , wetness.
Severe: 'Severe:
wetness, I wetness.
cutbanks cave.,
4----------------- Severe:
Immokalee cutbanks cave,'
wetness.
5----------------- Severe:
Myakka I cutbanks cave,'
wetness.
6----------------- 'ISevere:
Oldsmar cutbanks cave,
Iwetness.
7----------------- ISevere:
Palm Beach I cutbanks cave.
8----------------- ISevere:
Paola I cutbanks cave.
9----------------- ISevere:
Pepper I cemented pan,
I cutbanks cave,
I wetness.
Severe:
wetness.
Severe:
wetness.
Severe:
wetness.
Slight---------
Slight
Severe:
wetness.
Dwellings '
Small
with I
commercial
basements
I
buildings
ISevere:
Iwetness.
I
ISevere:
wetness.
ISevere:
I wetness.
I
ISevere:
Iwetness.
I
ISevere:
Iwetness.
I
ISevere:
I wetness.
10---------------- Severe:
'Severe:
Riviera cutbanks cave,,
wetness.
wetness.
I
11----------------
ISevere:
St. Lucie cutbanks cave.
;Slight---------
1Archbold
IScutbanks cave,ISlight---------
13 ---------------- ISevere:
ISevere:
Wabasso I wetness.
I wetness.
14----------------- ISevere:
ISevere:
Winder I wetness,
I wetness.
I cutbanks cave.,
15---------------- ISevere:
ISevere:
Manatee I wetness,
I wetness.
I cutbanks cave.,
See footnote at end of table.
Severe:
wetness.
Severe:
wetness.
Severe:
wetness.
Severe:
wetness.
Severe:
wetness.
Severe:
wetness.
Local roads
I Lawns and
and streets
I landscaping
Moderate:
I
ISevere:
wetness.
I droughty.
Severe:
I
ISevere:
wetness.
I wetness.
Severe:
ISevere:
wetness.
I wetness,
Idroughty.
Severe:
ISevere:
wetness.
I wetness,
Idroughty.
Severe:
ISevere:
wetness.
I wetness.
Severe:
I
ISevere:
wetness.
wetness,
droughty
I I .
Slight --------- ISlight---------ISlight--------- Severe:
I I I droughty.
Slight --------- ISlight--------- ISlight--------- ISevere:
I I I droughty.
Severe: ISevere:
wetness, I wetness.
cemented pan. ,
ISevere:
I wetness.
I
ISlight---
I
IModerate:
Iwetness.
ISevere:
wetness.
ISevere:
I wetness.
I
ISevere:
wetness.
I
ISevere:
Iwetness.
I
IModerate:
Islope.
ISlight---
I
ISevere:
Iwetness.
ISevere:
I wetness.
I
ISevere:
Iwetness.
I
Severe: ISevere:
wetness. wetness,
Ithin layer.
I
Severe: ISevere:
wetness. I wetness.
I
Slight --------- ISevere:
droughty.
Slight --------- 'Severe:
Idroughty.
Severe:
ISevere:
wetness.
I wetness.
Severe:
ISevere:
wetness.
I wetness.
Severe: 'Severe:
wetness. wetness.
166
Soil Survey
Map symbol and I Shallow
soil name excavations
TABLE ll.--BUILDING SITE DEVELOPMENT --Continued
Dwellings I Dwellings I Small
without I with I commercial
basements i basements i buildings
16----------------
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
Pineda
I cutbanks cave,I
wetness.
I wetness.
Iwetness.
I
I
17.*
Quartzipsamments
I
I
I
18----------------
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
Captiva
I cutbanks cave,I
wetness.
I wetness.
Iwetness.
I
I
20.*
Beaches
I
I
I
21----------------
ISevere:
IModerate:
ISevere:
Pomello
I cutbanks cave,I
wetness.
I wetness.
Iwetness.
I
I
22.*
Urban land
I
I
I
23.*
I
1
Arents
I
I
I
I
24----------------
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
Floridana
I cutbanks cave,I
wetness.
I wetness.
Iwetness.
I
I
25----------------
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
St. Augustine
I cutbanks cave,I
flooding.
I flooding,
Iwetness.
I
I wetness.
26----------------
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
St. Augustine
I cutbanks cave,I
flooding.
I flooding,
excess humus,
wetness,
Iwetness.
I
I low strength.
27:*
1
ISevere:
1
ISevere-
1
ISevere:
Boca -------------
I cutbanks cave,I
wetness.
I wetness.
Iwetness.
I
I
Urban land.
I
I
I
28:* 1
ISevere:
1
ISevere:
1
ISevere:
EauGallie--------
I wetness,
I wetness.
I wetness.
Icutbanks cave.)
I
Urban land.
I
I
I
29:*
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
Immokalee--------
I cutbanks cave,I
wetness.
I wetness.
wetness.
I
I
Urban land.
See footnote at end of table.
ISevere:
wetness.
I
I
Local roads
and streets
ISevere:
wetness.
I
I
Severe:
'Severe:
wetness.
I wetness.
I
I
Moderate:
I
IModerate:
wetness.
I wetness.
I
I
ISevere:
I
ISevere:
I wetness.
I wetness.
I
ISevere:
I
IModerate:
Iflooding.
I wetness,
I
I flooding.
ISevere:
IModerate:
Iflooding.
I wetness,
I
I flooding.
I
ISevere:
I
ISevere:
I wetness.
I
I
I wetness.
I
I
I
ISevere:
I
ISevere:
Iwetness. I
I
wetness.
I
I
I
ISevere:
I
I
ISevere:
wetness.
! wetness.
Lawns and
landscaping
ISevere:
wetness,
droughty.
I
I
ISevere:
wetness,
droughty.
I
I
ISevere:
I droughty.
I
I
I
I
ISevere:
wetness.
ISevere:
droughty.
Severe:
excess salt.
ISevere:
wetness,
droughty.
Severe:
wetness,
droughty.
Severe:
wetness,
droughty.
Indian River County, Florida
Map symbol and I Shallow
soil name excavations
TABLE 11.--BUILDING SITE DEVELOPMENT --Continued
Dwellings
without
basements
31---------------- ISevere: (Severe:
Jupiter I depth to rock,( wetness.
wetness. 1,
Dwellings I
I with I
basements
I I
ISevere: I
I wetness,
I depth to rock.!
32---------------- 'Severe:
'Slight --------- 'Moderate:
Jonathan I cutbanks
cave.(
I wetness.
33---------------- ISevere:
ISlight---------
ISlight---
Astatula I cutbanks
cave.(
I
34---------------- ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
Satellite I cutbanks
cave,(
wetness.
I wetness.
i wetness.
I
I
Small ' Local roads
commercial I and streets
buildin s
g I
I
Severe: ISevere:
wetness. I wetness.
I
Slight ---------I
Slight ---------
167
Lawns and
landscaping
Severe:
wetness,
thin layer.
Severe:
droughty.
---- 'Slight --------- 'Slight --------- 'Severe•
I I I droughty.
ISevere: (Moderate: ISevere:
Iwetness. I wetness. I droughty.
I I I
I I I
35---------------- 'Severe:
'Severe:
'Severe:
Severe:
Severe:
Severe:
McKee I wetness.
I flooding,
I flooding,
I flooding,
I low strength,
I excess salt,
wetness,
wetness,
wetness,
wetness,
wetness,
I shrink -swell.
I shrink -swell.
I shrink -swell.
I flooding.
flooding.
36---------------- ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
Boca I cutbanks
cave,(
wetness.
I wetness.
I wetness.
I wetness.
I wetness,
Iwetness.
I
I
I
I
I droughty.
39---------------- ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
Malabar I wetness,
I wetness.
I wetness.
I wetness.
I wetness.
I wetness,
cutbanks
cave.
I
I droughty.
40---------------- 'Severe:
Gator I cutbanks cave,
Iexcess humus,
ponding.
41---------------- 'Severe:
Canova I ponding.
I
42---------------- ISevere:
Terra Ceia excess humus,
i ponding.
44 ----------------
Perrine Variant
Severe:
ponding.
45----------------
'Severe:
Myakka
I cutbanks
cave,
ponding.
46----------------
ISevere:
Orsino
I cutbanks
cave.
47----------------
ISevere:
Holopaw
I cutbanks
cave,
Iwetness.
48----------------
ISevere:
Electra
I cutbanks
cave,
i wetness.
See footnote at end of table.
Severe:
'Severe:
ponding,
I ponding.
low strength.
Severe:
I
ISevere:
ponding.
I ponding.
Severe:
I
ISevere:
ponding,
I ponding.
low strength.
I
Severe:
ISevere:
ponding.
i ponding.
Severe:
ponding.
Slight ---------
Severe:
wetness.
Moderate:
wetness.
Severe:
ponding.
Moderate:
wetness.
Severe:
wetness.
'Severe:
wetness.
I
'Severe:
ponding,
low strength.
I
ISevere:
i ponding.
Severe:
ponding,
low strength.
Severe:
ponding.
Severe:
ponding.
Slight ---------
'Severe:
wetness.
I
IModerate:
wetness.
Severe: 'Severe:
ponding. I ponding,
excess humus.
Severe:
ISevere:
ponding.
I ponding,
Iexcess humus.
Severe:
ISevere:
ponding,
I ponding,
low strength.
I excess humus.
Severe:
ISevere:
ponding.
I ponding,
I thin layer.
Severe: 'Severe:
ponding. I ponding.
Slight --------- 'Severe:
Idroughty.
Severe: ISevere:
wetness. I wetness,
droughty.
Moderate: 'Severe:
wetness. , droughty.
168
TABLE ll.--BUILDING SITE DEVELOPMENT --Continued
Map symbol and Shallow Dwellings
soil name i excavations i without
basements
I I
49---------------- ISevere: ISevere:
Pompano I cutbanks cave,I wetness.
wetness. I
50.*
Pits
51 ----------------
Riviera
52 ----------------
Oldsmar
53----------------Manatee
54 ----------------
Riomar
55----------------I
Floridana
56----------------�,
Pineda
57 ----------------
Holopaw
58 ----------------
Samsula
59 ----------------
Lokosee
Severe:
'Severe:
cutbanks
cave,± ponding.
ponding.
Severe:
ISevere:
ponding,
i ponding.
Severe:
I
ISevere:
ponding,
cutbanks
I ponding.
cave.,
Severe: 'Severe:
depth to rock,I flooding,
wetness. wetness,
shrink -swell.
Severe: 'Severe:
cutbanks cave,± ponding.
ponding.
Severe: ISevere:
cutbanks cave,± ponding.
ponding.
Severe: ISevere:
cutbanks cave,± ponding.
ponding. I
Severe: ISevere:
cutbanks cave,± ponding,
excess humus, low strength.
I
ponding.
Severe: 'Severe:
cutbanks cave,± wetness.
wetness. ,
60---------------- 'Severe: 'Severe:
Pompano I cutbanks cave,I ponding.
ponding.
61 ---------------- ISevere: ISevere:
Delray I cutbanks cave,I ponding.
ponding.
62 ---------------- ISevere: ISevere:
Chobee I cutbanks cave,I ponding.
ponding.
See footnote at end of table.
Dwellings
with
basements
Severe:
wetness.
Severe:
ponding.
Severe:
ponding.
Severe:
ponding.
Severe:
flooding,
wetness,
depth to rock.
Severe:
ponding.
Severe:
ponding.
Severe:
ponding.
Severe:
ponding.
Severe:
wetness.
Severe:
ponding.
Severe:
ponding.
Severe:
ponding.
Small
Local roads
commercial
and streets
buildings
+
I
Severe:
ISevere:
wetness.
I wetness.
I
I
Severe:
I
I
Severe:
ponding.
! ponding.
Severe:
Severe:
ponding.
i ponding.
Severe:
I
Severe:
ponding.
i ponding.
Severe:
I
ISevere:
flooding,
I depth to rock,
wetness,
I low strength,
shrink -swell.
i wetness.
Severe:
ISevere:
ponding.
i ponding.
Severe:
I
Severe:
ponding.
i ponding.
Severe:
I
ISevere:
ponding.
i ponding.
Severe:
I
ISevere:
ponding,
ponding.
low strength.
i
Severe:
wetness.
Severe:
ponding.
Severe:
ponding.
Severe:
ponding.
Soil Survey
Lawns and
I landscaping
I
ISevere:
I wetness,
droughty.
I
I
I
ISevere:
ponding.
Severe:
ponding,
droughty.
Severe:
ponding.
Severe:
flooding,
wetness,
excess salt.
Severe:
ponding.
Severe:
ponding.
Severe:
ponding,
droughty.
Severe:
ponding,
excess humus.
'Severe:
'Severe:
I wetness.
I wetness,
droughty.
ISevere:
ISevere:
ponding.
ponding,
I
i
I droughty.
ISevere:
ISevere:
ponding.
i ponding,
I
I excess humus.
ISevere:
ISevere:
ponding.
I
i ponding.
I
Indian River County, Florida
Map symbol and
soil name
63 ----------------
Kesson
Tl
Shallow
excavations
Severe:
cutbanks cave,
wetness.
dBLE ll.--BUILDING SITE DEVELOPM]
Dwellings
Dwellings
without
with
basements
basements
Severe:
Severe:
flooding,
flooding,
wetness.
wetness.
NT--Continued
Small
commercial
buildings
Severe:
flooding,
wetness.
Local roads
and streets
Severe:
wetness,
flooding.
* See description of the map unit for composition and behavior characteristics of the map unit.
Lawns and
landscaping
Severe:
excess salt,
flooding,
wetness.
170 Soil Survey
TABLE 12.--SANITARY FACILITIES
[Some terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for definitions of
"slight," "good," and other terms. Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was not rated. The
information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for
onsite investigation]
Map symbol and
soil name
1-------------
Canaveral
Septic tank I Sewage lagoon
absorption I areas
fields +
Severe:
wetness,
poor filter.
2------------------- 'Severe:
Chobee I wetness,
Iperes slowly.
3------------------- ISevere:
EauGallie I wetness.
I
1
4------------------- ISevere:
Immokalee wetness.
I
I
5------------------- ISevere:
Myakka I wetness.
I
1
6------------------- ISevere:
Oldsmar I wetness,
I peres slowly.
1
7*------------------ ISlight-----------
Palm Beach I
I
6*------------------ ISligbt-----------
Paola I
9------------------- ISevere:
Pepper I cemented pan,
Iwetness,
I peres slowly.
10------------------ ISevere:
Riviera I wetness,
I peres slowly.
I
11*----------------- ISlight-----------
St. Lucie I
1
12*------------------ IModerate:
Archbold I wetness.
I
I
See footnotes at end of table.
Severe:
seepage,
wetness.
Severe:
wetness.
Severe:
wetness,
seepage.
ISevere:
seepage,
I wetness.
I
ISevere:
seepage,
wetness.
'Severe:
I seepage'
I wetness.
I
ISevere:
Iseepage.
ISevere:
I seepage.
ISevere:
seepage,
I cemented pan,
Iwetness.
ISevere:
Iseepage,
wetness.
I
ISevere:
Iseepage.
I
ISevere:
I seepage.
Trench
sanitary
landfill
Severe:
seepage,
wetness,
too sandy.
Severe:
seepage,
wetness.
Severe:
wetness,
seepage,
too sandy.
Severe:
seepage,
wetness.
Severe:
seepage,
wetness,
too sandy.
Severe:
seepage,
wetness,
too sandy.
Severe:
seepage,
too sandy.
Severe:
seepage,
too sandy.
Severe:
wetness,
too sandy.
Severe:
seepage,
wetness.
Severe:
too sandy.
ISevere:
Iseepage,
wetness,
I too sandy.
Area
sanitary
landfill
Severe:
seepage,
wetness.
Severe:
wetness.
ISevere:
I wetness,
seepage.
'Severe -
seepage,
wetness.
Severe:
seepage,
wetness.
Severe:
seepage,
wetness.
Severe:
seepage.
Severe:
seepage.
Severe:
cemented pan,
seepage,
wetness.
Severe:
seepage,
wetness.
Severe:
seepage.
Severe:
seepage.
Daily cover
for landfill
Poor:
seepage,
too sandy,
wetness.
Poor:
wetness.
Poor:
too sandy,
wetness,
seepage.
Poor:
seepage,
too sandy,
wetness.
Poor:
seepage,
too sandy,
wetness.
Poor:
seepage,
too sandy,
wetness.
'Poor:
seepage,
too sandy.
Poor:
I seepage,
too sandy.
lPoor:
area reclaim,
seepage,
too sandy.
lPoor:
seepage,
too sandy,
wetness.
Poor:
seepage,
too sandy.
Poor:
seepage,
too sandy.
Indian River County, Florida
171
TABLE 12.--SANITARY FACILITIES --Continued
Map symbol and I Septic tank
Sewage lagoon
I Trench
I Area
I Daily.cover
I
soil name I absorption
I areas
I sanitary
I sanitary
for landfill
fields
i
i landfill
i landfill
13 ------------------ ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
(Severe:
IPoor:
Wabasso I wetness,
I seepage,
I seepage,
I wetness.
I seepage,
peres slowly.
i wetness.
i wetness,
i
i too sandy,
I
I
I too sandy.
I
I wetness.
14 ------------------ ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
IPoor:
Winder i peres slowly,
i seepage,
i seepage,
i wetness.
i wetness,
I wetness.
I wetness.
I wetness.
I
I thin layer.
15------------------ ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
IPoor:
Manatee i wetness.
i seepage,
i wetness.
i seepage,
i wetness.
I
I wetness.
I
I wetness.
I
16 ------------------ ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
IPoor:
Pineda I wetness,
I seepage,
I seepage,
I seepage,
I seepage,
I
I peres slowly,
I wetness.
I wetness,
I wetness.
too sandy,
poor filter.
i
i too sandy.
i
i wetness.
17.**
I
I
Quartzipsamments I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
18 ------------------ ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
IPoor:
Captiva i wetness,
i seepage,
I seepage,
i seepage,
i seepage,
poor filter.
wetness.
wetness,
wetness.
too sandy,
I
I
I too sandy.
i
i wetness.
20.**
I
I
I
Beaches I
I
I
I
I
I
I
21 ------------------ ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
IPoor:
Pbmello i wetness,
i seepage,
i seepage,
i seepage,
i seepage,
poor filter.
wetness.
wetness,
wetness.
too sandy.
I
I
I too sandy.
I
I
22.**
I
I
Urban land I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
23.**
I
Arents I
I
I
I
24------------------ ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
IPoor:
Floridana I wetness,
I wetness,
I wetness.
I wetness,
I wetness.
peres slowly.
i seepage.
i
i seepage.
25------------------ ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
IPoor:
St. Augustine wetness,
seepage,
seepage,
i seepage,
i seepage,
i poor filter.
i
I flooding,
i
I wetness,
I wetness.
I too sandy.
I
I
I wetness.
I too sandy.
I
I
26------------------ ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
IPoor:
St. Augustine wetness,
i seepage,
i seepage,
i seepage,
i seepage,
i poor filter.
I flooding,
wetness,
wetness.
I too sandy.
I
I
I excess humus.
I
I too sandy.
I
I
I
See footnotes at end of table.
172
TABLE 12.--SANITARY FACILITIES --Continued
Map symbol and ( Septic tank
soil name i absorption
I fields
I
27:** I
Boca ---------------- ISevere:
I depth to rock,
wetness.
1
Urban land. '
28:** I
EauGallie----------- ISevere:
wetness.
I
I
Urban land. I
I
29:**
Immokalee----------- ISevere:
Iwetness.
I
I
Urban land. I
1
31------------------ ISevere:
Jupiter I depth to rock,
wetness.
1
32------------------ ISevere:
Jonathan I wetness,
peres slowly,
I poor filter.
33*-----------------ISlight-----------
Astatula I
I
34------------------ ISevere:
Satellite I wetness,
I poor filter.
1
35------------------ ISevere:
McKee I flooding,
wetness,
I peres slowly.
36------------------ ISevere:
Boca I depth to rock,
wetness.
I
39------------------ ISevere:
Malabar i wetness,
I peres slowly.
I
See footnotes at end of table.
Sewage lagoon
I Trench
areas
sanitary
! landfill
Severe:
I
ISevere:
seepage,
I depth to rock,
depth to rock,
I wetness,
wetness.
i too sandy.
I
Severe:
I
I
ISevere:
wetness,
wetness,
seepage.
seepage,
too sandy.
I
Severe:
I
I
Severe:
seepage,
I seepage,
wetness.
I wetness.
I
I
I
ISevere:
ISevere:
seepage,
i depth to rock,
depth to rock,
seepage,
I
I wetness.
I
I wetness.
ISevere:
ISevere:
seepage,
i wetness,
I wetness.
I too sandy.
I
ISevere:
I
ISevere:
seepage.
i seepage,
I
I too sandy.
ISevere:
ISevere:
Iseepage,
i seepage,
wetness.
wetness,
I
I too sandy.
ISevere:
ISevere:
flooding,
flooding,
wetness,
wetness,
I
I seepage.
I
I excess salt.
ISevere:
ISevere:
seepage,
I depth to rock,
depth to rock,
wetness,
I
I wetness.
I
I too sandy.
ISevere:
ISevere:
seepage,
I seepage,
wetness.
too sandy,
I
I wetness.
Area
sanitary
landfill
Severe:
area reclaim,
seepage,
too sandy.
Severe:
wetness,
seepage.
Severe:
seepage,
wetness.
Severe:
depth to rock,
seepage,
wetness.
Severe:
seepage,
wetness.
Severe:
seepage.
Severe:
seepage,
wetness.
Severe:
flooding,
wetness.
Severe:
area reclaim,
seepage,
too sandy.
Severe:
seepage,
wetness.
Soil Survey
I Daily cover
for landfill
Poor:
seepage,
I too sandy,
wetness.
Poor:
too sandy,
wetness,
seepage.
Poor:
seepage,
too sandy,
wetness.
Poor:
area reclaim,
seepage,
too sandy.
Poor:
seepage,
too sandy.
Poor:
seepage,
too sandy.
Poor:
seepage,
too sandy,
wetness.
Poor:
wetness,
excess salt,
hard to pack.
Poor:
seepage,
too sandy,
wetness.
Poor:
seepage,
too sandy,
wetness.
Indian River County, Florida
TABLE 12.--SANITARY FACILITIES --Continued
Map symbol and ' Septic tank
soil name i absorption
fields
40------------------ ISevere:
Gator i ponding,
I peres slowly,
I poor filter.
41------------------ ISevere:
Canova ! ponding.
42------------------ iSevere:
Terra Ceia I ponding,
I poor filter.
44------------------ ISevere:
Perrine Variant i depth to rock,
I ponding.
4Myakka-------------i ponding.
I
46* -----------------
Orsino
47 ------------------
Holopaw
48 -----------
Electra
49------------------I
Pompano
50.**
Pits
51 ------------------
Riviera
Moderate:
wetness.
Sewage lagoon
areas
Severe:
seepage,
excess humus,
ponding.
Severe:
seepage,
excess humus,
ponding.
Severe:
seepage,
excess humus.
Severe:
depth to rock,
ponding.
Severe:
seepage,
ponding.
Severe:
seepage.
Severe:
Severe:
wetness,
I
seepage,
poor filter.
i
wetness.
Severe:
I
ISevere:
wetness,
I
seepage,
poor filter.
i wetness.
Severe:
ISevere:
wetness,
I seepage,
poor filter.
i wetness.
I
I
Severe:
I
I
ISevere:
ponding,
I seepage,
peres slowly.
! ponding.
52------------------ ISevere:
Oldsmar i ponding,
I peres slowly.
53------------------ 'Severe:
Manatee i ponding.
See footnotes at end of table.
Severe:
seepage,
ponding.
Severe:
seepage,
ponding.
Trench
sanitary
landfill
Severe:
seepage,
ponding.
Severe:
ponding,
seepage.
Severe:
ponding,
excess humus.
Severe:
depth to rock,
ponding.
Severe:
seepage,
ponding.
Severe:
seepage,
wetness,
too sandy.
Severe:
seepage,
wetness,
too sandy.
Severe:
wetness,
too sandy.
Severe:
seepage,
wetness,
too sandy.
Severe:
seepage,
ponding.
Severe:
seepage,
ponding,
too sandy.
Severe:
ponding.
173
Area I Daily cover
sanitary for landfill
landfill
Severe:
seepage,
ponding.
Severe:
seepage,
ponding.
Severe:
seepage,
ponding.
Severe:
depth to rock,
ponding.
Severe:
seepage,
ponding.
Severe:
seepage.
Severe:
seepage,
wetness.
Severe:
seepage,
wetness.
Severe:
seepage,
wetness.
Severe:
seepage,
ponding.
Severe:
seepage,
ponding.
Severe:
seepage,
ponding.
Poor:
ponding,
thin layer.
Poor:
ponding.
Poor:
ponding,
excess humus.
Poor:
area reclaim,
ponding.
Poor:
seepage,
too sandy,
ponding.
Poor:
seepage,
too sandy.
Poor:
seepage,
too sandy,
wetness.
Poor:
seepage,
too sandy.
Poor:
seepage,
too sandy,
wetness.
'Poor:
I seepage,
too sandy,
I ponding.
Poor:
I seepage,
too sandy,
ponding.
Poor:
I ponding.
I
174
Soil Survey
TABLE 12--SANITARY FACILITIES --Continued
Map symbol and Septic tank
soil name absorption
fields
54------------------ Severe:
Riomar flooding,
depth to rock,
wetness.
Sewage lagoon
areas
Severe:
depth to rock,
flooding,
wetness.
55------------------ Severe: Severe:
Floridana ponding, seepage,
peres slowly. ponding.
56------------------ Severe: Severe:
Pineda ponding, I seepage,
peres slowly. ponding.
57------------------ Severe:
Holopaw ponding.
58------------------ Severe:
Samsula ponding,
poor filter.
59------------------ Severe:
Lokosee wetness,
peres slowly.
60------------------ Severe:
Pompano ponding,
poor filter.
61------------------ Severe:
Delray ponding.
62------------------ Severe:
Chobee ponding,
peres slowly.
63------------------ Severe:
Kesson flooding,
wetness,
poor filter.
'Severe:
seepage,
ponding.
Severe:
seepage,
excess humus,
ponding.
Severe:
seepage,
wetness.
Severe:
seepage,
ponding.
'Severe:
iseepage,
excess humus,
I ponding.
' Severe:
seepage,
ponding.
Severe:
seepage,
flooding,
excess humus.
Trench
sanitary
landfill
Severe:
flooding,
depth to rock,
wetness.
Severe:
ponding.
Severe:
seepage,
ponding.
Severe:
seepage,
ponding,
too sandy.
Severe:
seepage,
ponding,
excess humus.
Severe:
seepage,
wetness,
too sandy.
Severe:
seepage,
ponding,
too sandy.
Severe:
seepage,
ponding,
too sandy.
Severe:
seepage,
ponding.
Severe:
flooding,
seepage,
wetness.
Area
sanitary
landf ill
Severe:
flooding,
wetness,
depth to rock.
Severe:
ponding,
seepage.
Severe:
seepage,
ponding.
Severe:
seepage,
ponding.
Severe:
seepage,
ponding.
Severe:
seepage,
wetness.
Severe:
seepage,
ponding.
Severe:
seepage,
ponding.
Severe:
seepage,
ponding.
Severe:
flooding,
seepage,
wetness.
Daily cover
for landfill
'Poor:
ihard to pack,
too clayey,
wetness.
i Poor:
ponding.
I
i Poor:
I seepage,
I too sandy,
I ponding.
iPoor:
I seepage,
I too sandy,
I ponding.
iPoor:
I ponding,
excess humus.
Poor:
seepage,
too sandy,
wetness.
Poor:
seepage,
too sandy,
ponding.
Poor:
seepage,
too sandy,
ponding.
Poor:
seepage,
ponding.
Poor:
I seepage,
too sandy,
iwetness.
* There may be a hazard of contamination of ground water in areas that have a large number of septic tank
absorption fields because of inadequate filtration of the effluent.
** See description of the map unit for composition and behavior characteristics of the map unit.
Indian River County, Florida
175
TABLE 13.--CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
[Some terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for definitions of
"good," "fair," and other terms. Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was not rated. The
information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for
onsite investigation]
Map symbol and
soil name
------------ 1Canaveral�
2--------------------
Chobee
3--------------------EauGallie
-
4---------------------
Immokalee
5---------------------
Myakka
6 -----------------
Oldsmar
----------- Palm Beach�
I
8---------------------
Paola
9---------------------
Pepper
10 --------------------
Riviera
is--------------------
Manatee 1
Roadfill
Fair:
wetness.
Poor:
wetness.
Poor:
wetness.
Poor:
wetness.
Poor:
wetness.
Poor:
wetness.
Good -----------------
Good-----------------
Poor:
wetness.
Poor:
wetness.
Good -----------------
Good-----------------
Poor:
wetness.
Poor:
wetness.
Poor:
wetness.
See footnote at end of table.
Sand
Probable -------------
Improbable:
excess fines.
Probable -------------
Probable-------------
Probable-------------
Improbable:
thin layer.
Probable -------------
Probable -------------
Improbable:
thin layer.
Probable -------------
Probable-------------
Probable -------------
Improbable:
thin layer.
Probable -------------
Improbable:
excess fines.
Gravel
Improbable:
too sandy.
Improbable:
too sandy.
Improbable:
too sandy.
Improbable:
too sandy.
Improbable:
too sandy.
Improbable:
too sandy.
Improbable:
too sandy.
Improbable:
too sandy.
Improbable:
too sandy.
Improbable:
excess fines.
Improbable:
too sandy.
Improbable:
too sandy.
Improbable:
too sandy.
Probable ------------- I,
Improbable:
excess fines.
Topsoil
Poor:
too sandy.
Poor:
wetness.
Poor:
too sandy,
wetness.
Poor:
too sandy,
wetness.
Poor:
too sandy,
wetness.
Poor:
too sandy,
wetness.
Poor:
too sandy.
Poor:
too sandy.
Poor:
area reclaim,
too sandy,
wetness.
Poor
too sandy,
wetness.
Poor:
too sandy.
Poor:
too sandy.
Poor:
too sandy,
wetness.
Poor:
too sandy,
wetness.
Poor:
wetness.
176
TABLE 13.--CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS --Continued
Map symbol and i Roadfill
soil name
16-------------------- 'Poor:
Pineda i wetness.
I
1 17--------------------Fair:
Quartzipsamments I wetness.
18-------------------- (Poor:
Captiva i wetness.
I
20.* I
Beaches
21-------------------- 'Fair:
Pomello i wetness.
22.* I
Urban land I
I
23-------------------- (Fair:
Arents ! wetness.
24-------------------- IPoor:
Floridana i wetness.
25-------------------- 'Fair:
St. Augustine i wetness.
26-------------------- iFair:
St. Augustine I wetness.
I
27:*
Boca----------------- (Poor:
I thin layer,
Iwetness.
Urban land.
28:* I
EauGallie------------ IPoor:
Iwetness.
Urban land.
29:* 1
Immokalee------------- IPoor:
i wetness.
Urban land.
31-------------------- 'Poor:
Jupiter I area reclaim,
wetness.
I
See footnote at end of table.
Sand i Gravel
I I
� I
I I
Probable -------------
lItoo sandy.
Probable ------------- Improbble: sandy.
too
Probable -------------
il
too osandy.
I I
I I
Probable -------------
ilt000sandy.
I I
Probable ------------- ilmposan too dy.
Improbable: iImprobable:
excess fines. I excess fines.
I I
Probable-------------
lItoo sandy.
IProbable------------- (Improbable:
too sandy.
I I
Improbable: iImprobable:
thin layer. I too sandy.
I I
I I
I I
Probable ------------- iImprobable:
too sandy.
I I
I I
I I
I I
Probable ------------- +I
too osandy.
I I
I I
I I
Improbable: iImprobable:
thin layer. I too sandy.
I I
I I
Soil Survey
Topsoil
IPoor:
too sandy,
wetness.
Poor:
too sandy.
Poor:
too sandy,
wetness.
Poor:
too sandy.
Poor:
too sandy.
Poor:
too sandy,
wetness.
Poor:
too sandy.
Poor:
too sandy,
excess salt.
Poor:
too sandy,
wetness.
?oor:
too sandy,
wetness.
Poor:
too sandy,
wetness.
Poor:
area reclaim,
too sandy,
wetness.
Indian River County, Florida
177
Map symbol and
soil name
32 --------------------
Jonathan
33 --------------------
Astatula
34 --------------------
Satellite
35 --------------------
McKee
TABLE 13.--CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS --Continued
Roadfill
Good-----------------
Good-----------------
Fair:
wetness.
Poor:
wetness,
low strength.
36-------------------- 'Poor:
Boca I thin layer,
iwetness.
39-------------------- (Poor:
Malabar ! wetness.
40-------------------- Poor:
Gator wetness.
41-------------------- IPoor:
Canova . wetness.
42-------------------- 'Poor:
Terra Ceia i wetness,
I low strength.
44-------------------- IPoor:
Perrine Variant I area reclaim,
i wetness.
I
Sand
Gravel
Probable -------------
(Improbable:
too sandy.
Probable -------------
il
too osandy.
Probable ------------- IIm robable
P '
i too sandy.
Improbable: (Improbable:
excess fines. ! excess fines.
Improbable:
thin layer.
Probable -------------
Probable-------------'
Improbable:
excess fines.
Improbable:
excess fines.
Improbable:
excess fines.
Improbable:
too sandy.
Improbable:
too sandy.
Improbable:
too sandy.
Improbable:
excess fines.
Improbable:
excess fines.
Improbable:
excess fines.
45-------------------- iPoor:
tness. iProbable-------------
ilt000Myakka sandy.
I I I
46-------------------- (Good ----------------- IProbable------------- (Improbable:
Orsino I I i too sandy.
47-------------------- IPoor: (Improbable: (Improbable:
Holopaw ! wetness. i thin layer. i too sandy.
48-------------------- (Fair:
Electra i wetness.
49-------------------- IPoor:
Pompano i wetness.
50.*
Pits
See footnote at end of table.
Probable -------------
iImprobable:
too sandy.
Probable ------------- (Improbable:
itoo sandy.
Topsoil
iPoor:
I too sandy.
i Poor:
too sandy.
iPoor:
I too sandy.
(Poor:
iwetness,
too clayey,
iexcess salt.
i Poor:
too sandy,
iwetness.
± Poor:
too sandy,
iwetness.
iPoor:
I excess humus,
I wetness.
i Poor:
I excess humus,
I wetness.
(Poor:
I excess humus,
i wetness.
i Poor:
thin layer,
iwetness.
i Poor:
too sandy,
iwetness.
iPoor:
I too sandy.
i Poor:
too sandy,
iwetness.
iPoor:
I too sandy.
iPoor:
I too sandy,
wetness.
178
TABLE 13.--CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS --Continued
Map symbol and i Roadfill
soil name
51-------------------- 'Poor:
Riviera i wetness.
I
52 -------------------- IPoor:
Oldsmar i wetness.
1
53 -------------------- IPoor:
Manatee i ponding.
54-------------------- IPoor:
Riomar i area reclaim
low strength,,
Iwetness.
55-------------------- IPoor:
Floridana i wetness.
1
56-------------------- IPoor:
Pineda i wetness.
1
57-------------------- IPoor:
Holopaw ! wetness.
58--------------------
jPoor:s.
Samsula
59-------------------- 'Poor:
Lokosee , wetness.
60-------------------- 'Poor:
Pompano , wetness.
61--------------------
IPoor: wetness.
Delray
62-------------------- IPoor:
Chobee I wetness.
6Kesson !Pwetness.
Sand
Probable -------------
'Improbable:
1 thin layer.
I
'Improbable:
1 excess fines.
(Improbable:
excess fines,
thin layer.
Improbable:
excess fines.
Probable -------------I
Improbable:
thin layer.
Probable ------------
Probable-------------
Probable -------------
Improbable:
thin layer.
(Improbable:
Iexcess fines.
!Probable ------
Gravel
I
'Improbable:
excess fines.
I
Improbable:
too sandy.
Improbable:
excess fines.
Improbable:
excess fines,
thin layer.
Improbable:
excess fines.
Improbable:
too sandy.
Improbable:
too sandy.
Improbable:
too sandy.
Improbable:
too sandy.
Improbable:
too sandy.
Improbable:
too sandy.
Improbable:
too sandy.
Improbable:
too sandy.
Soil Survey
Topsoil
Poor:
too sandy,
wetness.
Poor:
too sandy,
wetness.
Poor:
ponding.
Poor:
thin layer,
excess salt,
wetness.
Poor:
too sandy,
wetness.
Poor:
too sandy,
wetness.
Poor:
too sandy,
wetness.
Poor:
excess humus,
wetness.
Poor:
too sandy,
wetness.
Poor:
too sandy,
wetness.
Poor:
wetness.
Poor:
wetness.
Poor:
excess salt,
wetness
* See description of the map unit for composition and behavior characteristics of the map unit.
Indian River County, Florida
179
TABLE 14.--WATER MANAGEMENT
[Some terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for definitions of
"slight," "moderate," and "severe." Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was not evaluated. The
information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite
investigation]
Map symbol and
soil name
Pond
reservoir
areas
imitations for --
Embankments, Aquifer -fed
dikes, and ' excavated
levees ponds
1--nave-----------
Severe:
Severe:
Canaveral
i seepage.
i seepage,
I
I piping,
I
I wetness.
2-----------------
---------
iSevere:
Chobee
iSlight
I
I wetness.
3-----------------
ISevere:
(Severe:
EauGallie
i seepage.
I seepage,
4 -----------------
Immokalee
5 -----------------
Myakka
ipiping,
I wetness.
severe:
'Severe:
seepage.
i seepage,
I piping,
I wetness.
;evere:
'Severe:
seepage.
i seepage,
piping,
I wetness.
6 ----------------- Severe: 'Severe:
Oldsmar i seepage. ' seepage,
7 -----------------
Palm Beach
8 -----------------
Paola
9 -----------------
Pepper
10 ----------------
Riviera
11 ----------------
St. Lucie
12 ----------------
Archbold
ipiping,
I wetness.
4vere:
seepage.
iSevere:
I seepage,
I piping.
evere:
'Severe:
seepage.
i seepage,
I piping.
evere:
iSevere:
seepage,
seepage,
cemented pan.
i piping,
I wetness.
evere:
'Severe:
seepage.
i seepage,
I piping,
I wetness.
evere:
'Severe:
seepage.
i seepage,
I piping.
evere:
'Severe:
seepage.
seepage,
Ipiping.
See footnote at end of table.
Features affecting--
1 I
Drainage i Irrigation i Grassed
waterways
Severe: 'Cutbanks cave Wetness, Wetness,
icutbanks cave.i i droughty, i droughty.
I I I fast intake. I
I I I I
iSevere: iPeres slowly---iWetness, iWetness,
I slow refill, I I fast intake, I rooting depth,
I cutbanks cave.) I soil blowing. I peres slowly.
'Severe: 'Cutbanks cave (Fast intake, (Wetness,
I cutbanks cave.' I wetness, I droughty.
i i I droughty. I
Severe:
cutbanks cave.
Severe:
cutbanks cave.
Cutbanks cave
Cutbanks cave
Severe: 'Peres slowly,
slow refill. I cutb anks cave.
Severe: iDeep to water
no water. I
I
Severe: iDeep to water
no water. I
I
Severe: iPeres slowly,
no water. I cemented pan,
cutbanks cave.
Wetness,
'Wetness,
droughty,
i droughty.
fast intake.
I
Wetness,
I
'Wetness,
droughty,
i droughty.
fast intake.
I
Wetness,
I
'Wetness,
droughty,
i droughty.
fast intake.
Droughty,
fast intake,
soil blowing.
Droughty,
fast intake,
soil blowing.
Wetness,
droughty,
fast intake.
Severe:
iWetness,
iWetness,
cutbanks cave.)
peres slowly.
droughty,
I fast intake.
Severe:
I
to water
I
iDroughty,
no water.
iDeep
fast intake,
I
I
I
I soil blowing.
Severe:
iDeep to water
iDroughty,
cutbanks cave.,
, fast intake,
soil blowing.
Droughty.
Droughty.
etness,
droughty,
cemented pan.
Wetness,
droughty,
peres slowly.
Droughty.
Droughty.
180
Soil Survey
Map symbol and
soil name
13 ----------------
Wabasso
14 ----------------
Winder
is --------------Manatee
-
16----------------
Pineda I
17.*
Quartzipsamments
18 ----------------
Captiva
20.*
Beaches
21 ----------------
Pomello
22.*
Urban land
23.*
Arents
24----------------I
Floridana
25 ----------------
St. Augustine
26----------------'
St. Augustine
27:*
Boca-------------�
Pond
reservoir
areas
Severe:
seepage.
Moderate:
seepage.
Moderate:
seepage.
Severe:
seepage.
Severe:
seepage.
Severe:
seepage.
Severe:
seepage.
Severe:
seepage.
Severe:
seepage.
Severe:
seepage.
See footnote at end of table.
TABLE 14.--WATER MANAGEMENT --Continued
Limitations ior-- i
iMbanKments, ! Aquiter-Yea II
dikes, and 1 excavated Drainage
levees ponds
evere:
seepage,
wetness.
evere:
wetness.
Severe:
wetness.
revere:
seepage,
piping,
wetness.
Severe:
seepage,
piping,
wetness.
Severe:
seepage,
piping.
Severe:
wetness.
Severe:
slow refill.
n
Peres slowly,
I I cutbanks cave.)
ISevere: IPeres slowly---
slow refill,
cutbanks cave.)
ISevere: (Favorable------
cutbanks cave.I
ISevere: IPeres slowly,
I slow refill, I cutbanks cave.)
cutbanks cave.
Severe:
cutbanks cave.
Severe:
cuthanks cave.l,
Severe:
slow refill,
cutbanks cave.
Cutbanks cave
Cutbanks cave
Peres slowly ---
Severe:
'Severe:
'Cutbanks cave
seepage,
i cutbanks cave.
piping,
wetness.
I
I
I
I
Severe:
ISevere:
I
ICutbanks cave,
seepage,
salty water,
I excess salt.
piping,
i cutbanks cave.
excess salt.
I
I
Severe:
I
IModerate:
I
IDepth to rock,
seepage,
I depth to rock,(
cutbanks cave.
piping,
I cutbanks cave
wetness.
!atures atfectinQ--
Irrigation li Grassed
I waterways
'Wetness, Wetness,
droughty, i droughty.
fast intake. I
Wetness, (Wetness,
droughty, I droughty,
fast intake. i peres slowly.
Wetness, iWetness.
fast intake, I
soil blowing.
Wetness, (Wetness,
droughty, 1 droughty,
fast intake. I peres slowly.
Wetness,
droughty,
fast intake.
Wetness,
droughty,
rooting depth.
I
Wetness, (Droughty.
droughty, I
fast intake. I
I
I
Wetness,
fast intake,
soil blowing.
Wetness,
droughty,
fast intake.
etness,
droughty,
fast intake.
etness,
droughty,
fast intake.
Wetness,
peres slowly.
Droughty.
Excess salt,
droughty.
Wetness,
droughty,
depth to rock.
Indian River County, Florida
181
Map symbol and ( vona
soil name i reservoir
1 areas
I
27:* !
Urban land.
28:*
EauGallie--------
Urban land.
Severe:
seepage.
29:* '
Immokalee-------- ISevere:
iseepage.
Urban land.
31--------------Jupiter
-
Severe:
depth to rock.
1
32 ---------------- ISevere:
Jonathan i seepage.
33---------------- .ISevere:
Astatula i seepage.
1
34---------------- ISevere:
Satellite i seepage.
I
1
35---------------- ISlight---------
McKee I
I
1
36---------------- ISevere:
Boca i seepage.
I
39---------------- 'Severe:
Malabar , seepage.
40---------------- 'Severe:
Gator i seepage.
I
41---------------- ISevere:
Canova i seepage.
I
See footnote at end of table.
TABLE 14.--WATER MANAGEMENT --Continued
Limitations for-
L*8anxments,
I dikes, and
levees !
Severe:
seepage,
piping,
wetness.
Severe:
seepage,
piping,
wetness.
Severe:
seepage,
piping,
wetness.
I
±Severe:
iseepage,
piping.
Severe:
seepage,
piping.
Severe:
seepage,
piping,
wetness.
Severe:
hard to pack,
wetness,
excess salt.
Severe:
seepage,
piping,
wetness.
Severe:
seepage,
piping,
wetness.
Severe:
piping,
ponding.
Severe:
ponding.
Aquifer -tea I
excavated i Drainage
ponds
I
i
I
Severe: ICutbanks cave
cutbanks cave.
I
I
I
Severe: 'Cutbanks cave
cutbanks cave.!
Severe:
depth to rock,
cutbanks cave.
Depth to rock,
cutbanks cave.
I
Severe: (Deep to water
slow refill,
cutbanks cave.1
Severe: (Deep to water
no water.
Severe: 'Cutbanks cave
cutbanks cave.!
Severe:
salty water.
Flooding,
subsides,
excess salt.
Moderate: 'Depth to rock,
depth to rock ,I cuthanks cave.
cutbanks cave.,
I
Severe: iCutbanks cave
slow refill,
cutbanks cave.
I
Severe: IPonding,
slow refill, I peres slowly,
cutbanks cave.subsides.
Severe: IPonding,
cutbanks cave.1 subsides.
I
I
natures affecting --
Irrigation Grassed
waterways
I
I
I
1
Fast intake, (Wetness,
wetness, i droughty.
droughty.
Wetness,
droughty,
fast intake.
Wetness,
droughty,
fast intake.
Droughty,
fast intake,
soil blowing.
Droughty,
fast intake,
soil blowing.
Wetness,
droughty,
fast intake.
Wetness,
flooding,
excess salt.
I
Wetness,
droughty,
fast intake.
Wetness,
droughty,
fast intake.
I
Ponding,
soil blowing,
peres slowly.
Ponding,
soil blowing,
droughty.
Wetness,
droughty.
Wetness,
droughty,
depth to rock.
Droughty.
Droughty.
Wetness,
droughty.
Wetness,
excess salt.
Wetness,
droughty,
depth to rock.
Wetness,
droughty.
Wetness,
peres slowly.
Wetness,
droughty.
182
Soil Survey
Map symbol and Pond
soil name I reservoir
I areas
I
42 ---------------- ISevere:
Terra Ceia I seepage.
44---------------- IModerate:
Perrine Variant I depth to rock.
1
45---------------- ISevere:
Myakka i seepage.
46 ----------------
Orsino
47 ----------------
Holopaw
Severe:
seepage.
Severe:
seepage.
48---------------- 'Severe:
Electra I seepage.
49---------------- ISevere:
Pompano i seepage.
50.* I
Pits I
51---------------- ISevere:
Riviera I seepage.
I
1
52 ---------------- ISevere:
Oldsmar I seepage.
1
53 ---------------- IModerate:
Manatee I seepage.
54 ----------------
Riomar
55 ----------------
Floridana
TABLE 14.--W
Limitations tor -
Embankments,
I dikes, and
i levees
I
(Severe:
Iexcess humus,
ponding.
ISevere:
Ithin layer,
I ponding.
IS
evere:
Iseepage,
piping,
I ponding.
ISevere:
I seepage,
I piping.
Severe:
I seepage,
I piping,
I wetness.
ISevere:
Iseepage,
I piping.
Severe:
I seepage,
piping,
! wetness.
Moderate: '
depth to rock.
Severe:
seepage.
See footnote at end of table.
Severe:
seepage,
piping,
ponding.
Severe:
seepage,
piping,
ponding.
Severe:
ponding,
seepage,
piping.
Severe:
thin layer,
wetness,
excess salt.
Severe:
ponding.
kTER MANAGEMENT—
iAquifer -fed
I excavated
I ponds
I
ISlight---------
I
ISevere:
depth to rock.
I
(Severe:
cutbanks cave.
I
Severe:
cutbanks cave.
I
Severe:
cutbanks cave.)
i
I
Severe:
slow refill,
cutbanks cave.
Severe:
cutbanks cave.
I
Severe:
cutbanks cave.
Severe:
slow refill.
Severe:
cutbanks cave.
Severe:
salty water,
depth to rock,
slow refill.
Severe:
slow refill,
cutbanks cave.
-Continued
reatures attecti
Drainage Irrigation
Ponding,
subsides.
Ponding,
depth to rock.
Ponding,
cutbanks cave.'
Deep to water
Cutbanks cave
Cutbanks cave
I
Cutbanks cave
I
,nding, '
ieres slowly.
,nding, '
utbanks cave.i
nding-------- 1
res slowly, +
epth to rock,1
looding. I
1
nding, I
eres slowly. ,
Ponding,
soil blowing.
Ponding,
depth to rock.
Ponding,
droughty,
fast intake.
Droughty,
fast intake,
soil blowing.
Wetness,
droughty,
fast intake.
Wetness,
droughty,
fast intake.
Wetness,
droughty,
fast intake.
Ponding,
droughty,
fast intake.
Ponding,
droughty,
fast intake.
Ponding,
fast intake,
soil blowing.
Wetness,
peres slowly,
depth to rock.,
i
I
Ponding,
fast intake,
soil blowing.
! Grassed
I waterways
I
!Wetness.
'Wetness,
depth to rock.
I
(Wetness,
� droughty.
Droughty.
Wetness,
droughty.
Droughty.
Wetness,
droughty.
Wetness,
droughty,
peres slowly.
Wetness,
droughty,
peres slowly.
Wetness.
Wetness,
excess salt,
depth to rock.
Wetness,
peres slowly.
Indian River County, Florida 183
TABLE 14.--WATER MANAGEMENT --Continued
'
imitat ons for--
Features affectin. -
Map symbol and Pond
Embanents,
' Aquifer -fed
'
soil name reservoir
dikes, and
excavated
Drainage
Irrigation
Grassed
areas
levees
I ponds
I
I
I waterways
56---------------- ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
IPonding,
IPonding,
(Wetness,
Pineda I seepage.
I seepage,
I cutbanks cave.,
peres slowly,
I droughty,
I droughty,
piping,
I
cutbanks cave.(
fast intake.
peres slowly.
I
I ponding.
I
I
I
I
I
I
57---------------- ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
IPonding,
IPonding,
(Wetness,
Holopaw I seepage.
I seepage.
I cutbanks cave.;
cutbanks cave.;
droughty,
I droughty.
piping,
fast intake.
I
I ponding.
I
I
I
I
58---------------- ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
IPonding,
IPonding,
(Wetness.
Samsula I seepage.
I excess humus,
I cutbanks cave.I
subsides.
I soil blowing.
I
I
I ponding.
I
I
I
1
59---------------- ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
ICutbanks cave
(Wetness,
(Wetness,
Lokosee I seepage.
I seepage,
I cutbanks cave.;
I droughty,,
I droughty.
fast intake.
I
1 wetness.
I
I
I
I
60---------------- ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
IPonding,
IPonding,
(Wetness,
Pompano I seepage.
I seepage,
I cutbanks cave.;
cutbanks cave.;
droughty,
I droughty.
piping,
fast intake.
I
I
I
I ponding.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
61----------------
ISevere:
ISevere:
IPonding,
IPonding -------- ;Wetness.
;ISevere:
Delray I seepage.
seepage,
cutbanks cave.(
cutbanks cave.(
I
I
I ponding.
I
I
I
I
I
I
62---------------- IModerate:
ISevere:
ISevere:
IPonding,
IPonding,
(Wetness,
Chobee I seepage.
I ponding,
I slow refill,
I peres slowly.
I fast intake,
I peres slowly.
I
I piping,
I cutbanks cave.(
soil blowing.
I
I seepage.
I
I
I
I
I
I
63---------------- ISevere:
ISevere:
ISevere:
(Flooding,
(Wetness,
(Wetness,
Kesson I seepage.
I seepage,
I salty water,
I cutbanks cave,(
excess salt.
I excess salt,
I
I piping,
I cutbanks cave.(
excess salt.
droughty.
I
I wetness.
I
I
I
I
I
I
* See description of the map
unit for composition and behavior
characteristics
of the map unit.
184
Soil Survey
TABLE 15.--ENGINEERING INDEX PROPERTIES
[The symbol < means less than; > means more than. Absence of an entry indicates that data were not
estimated. Some soils may have Unified classifications and USDA textures in addition to those shown.
In general, the dominant classifications and textures are shown]
Map symbol and
soil name
1----------------
Canaveral
2 ----------------
Chobee
Depth j USDA texture
In 1
0-6 (Fine sand --------
6-80 lFine sand, sand,
Icoarse sand.
0-5 ILoamy fine sand,
I sandy loam.
5-46 (Sandy clay loam
' 46-80 'Loamy sand, fine
I sand, sandy clay
I I loam.
3EauGallie I 5-26 ISand, sfine sand
26-47 ISand, fine sand
147-62 (Sandy loam, fine
I sandy loam,
sandy clay loam.
162-80 ISand, loamy sand,
I I loamy fine sand.
4---------------- 1 0-5 (Fine sand--------
Immokalee 1 5-35 lFine sand, sand
1 35-55 IFine sand, sand
155-80 IFine sand, sand
5---------------- 1 0-28 lFine sand--------
Myakka 1 28-58 ISand, fine sand,
I I loamy fine sand.)
158-80 iSand, fine sand
6Oldsmar 132-50 IFine sand, sand,
I I loamy fine sand.1
1 50-62 lFine sandy loam,
I I sandy loam,
I I sandy clay loam.l
7----------------I 0-80 Sand, fine sand
Palm Beach I I
I I I
8---------------- 1 0-12 ISand------------- I
Paola 112-80 ISand, fine sand
9---------------- 1 0-8 ISand -------------�
Pepper l 8-22 ISand, fine sand
122-39 ISand, fine sand, l
I I loamy sand. I
1 39-47 ISand, fine sand, 1
I I loamy sand.
1 47-60 ISandy loam, fine I
I I sandy loam, I
sandy clay loam.(
I I i
See footnote at end of table.
Classitication +
Unified I AASHTO
I I
SP IA-3 I
SP !A-3
SM-SC, SC,iA-2-4
SM
SC 1A-2-6,
I A-2-7,
A-6, A-7
SP-SM, SM,IA-2-4,
SC, SM-SCl A-2-6,
IA-6, A-7
SP, SP-SM IA-3
SP-SM, SM IA-3, A-2-4
SP, SP-SM IA-3, A-2-4
SM, SM-SC,IA-2-4,
SC I A-2-6
SP-SM, SM IIA-3, A-2-4
SP,
SP-SM
'A-3
IA-3
SP,
SP-SM
IA-31
SP-SM, SM
A-2-4
SP,
SP-SM
IA-3
SP,
SP-SM
IA-3
SM,
SP-SM
IA-3, A-2-4
SP,
SP-SM
IA-3
SP,
SP-SM
IA-3
SM,
SP-SM
IA-2-4, A-3
SM-SC, SC
IA-2-4,
1 A-2-6
P-SM, SP,'A-1-b,
SW I A-3,
A-2-4
P 1A-3
P IA-3
P, SP-SM IA-3
P, SP-SM lA-3
P-SM, SM IA-3, A-2-4
P-SM, SM IA-3, A-2-4
M, SM-SC IA-2-4
I I
Percentage passing
sieve number--
4 I 10 I 40 I 200
100 1 100 190-1001 1-4
70-100!70-95 165-90 1 1-3
100 i 100
100 1100
100 100
100 ' 100
100 1 100
100 1100
100 1100
100 100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100 !
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
80-99
85-99
80-99
80-98
80-98
80-98
80-98
80-98
ILiquid IPlas-
I limit Iticity
I lindex
Pct I
I
--- A
1 NP
13-25 1 <40 INP-20
25-45 1 35-45 120-25
12-45 ± <45 'NP-25
I I
2-5 I --- I NP
5-20 1 --- I NP
2-12 I --- I NP
20-35 1 <40 1NP-20
5-25 ! --- ! NP
100 70-100' 2-10
100 I70-1001 2-10
100 170-1001 5-21
100 I70-1001 2-10
100 185-1001 2-10
100 I85-1001 5-20
100 I85-100I 2-8
100 180-1001 2-10
100 I80-100I 5-20
100 185-100!20-35
90-100!15-90 ! 1-5
100 '85-100' 1-2
100 I80-1001 1-4
100 185-95 1 2-10
100 185-95 1 2-10
100 I85-95 15-25
100 i85-95 15-20
100 I85-100I20-35
I I
i
20-35
NP
NP
NP
NP
NP
NP
lb�
NP
NP
5-15
M
NP
NP
NP
NP
NP
lb�
<28 iNP-7
I I
Indian River County, Florida
185
Map symbol and ' Depth
soil name 1
TABLE 15.--ENGINEERING INDEX PROPERTIES --Continued
Classification i Percentage passing
USDA texture 1 sieve number --
Unified I AASHTO !I I '
1 1 4 1 10 1 40 1 200
I In
I
I
10--------------- I 0-26
Riviera ! 26-31
!Fine sand--------ISP,
(Sandy
SP-SM
I I
IA-3, A-2-41 100
1
I
1 100
1
I
180-1001
180-100115-35
I
4-12
I
loam, sandylSM,
I
SM-SC,IA-2-4
100
100
131-40
I
clay loam.
ISandy loam, sandylSM-SC
1
I SC
, SC
I
I I
IA-2-4, 1 100
I I
I
1 100
I
I
180-100120-35
I
I
I
1 40-80
clay loam.
ISand, fine sand,
ISP, SP-SM
A-2-6
IA-3, A-1, 160-80
150-75
140-70
1 3-10
I
loamy sand.
I
I
I A-2 -4 I
I
I
11---------------! 0-80
ISand-------------
ISP
IA-3 100
100
170-95
I
1 1-4
St. Lucie I I I I
I I I I
12--------------- 1 0-4 ISand-------------ISP IA-3
Archbold I 4-80 ISand, fine sand ISP, SP-SM IA-3
13---------------1 0-24 (Fine sand -------- ISP, SP-SM IA-3
Wabasso 124-35 ISand, fine sand, ISP-SM, SM IA-3, A-2-4
loamy sand.
35-48 ISandy loam, fine ISC, SM-SC IA-2-4,
sandy loam, A-2-6
I sandy clay loam.I I
148-80 ISand, fine sand, ISP-SM, SM IA-3, A-2-4
I I loamy sand. I I
14---------------I 0-17 (Fine sand--------ISP, SP-SM IA-3, A-2-4
Winder 117-23 (Loamy sand, sandylSM IA-2-4
1 I loam, fine sandyl I
loam.
I I I
123-34 ISandy clay loam ISC IAA2-46
! 34-65 !Sandy loam, fine lSM, SM-SC,IA-2-4
I I sandy loam, I SC I
I I sandy clay loam I
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
60-80
1 65-80 ]Sand, fine sand, ISP, SP-SM,IA-3, A-2-4160-80
loam15--------------- I 0_12 ILoamy yfine dsand ISPMSM, SM IA-3, A-2-4
Manatee 12 31 Fine sandy loam, SM-SC, SC IA-2-4
I I sandy loam. I I
! 31-39 (Fine sandy loam, ISM, SM-SC,IA-2-4
I I sandy loam, I SC I
I I loamy fine sand.I I I
1 39-80 IFine sandy loam, ISM, SM-SC,IA-2-4
1 I sandy loam, I SC I
I I loamy fine sand.( I
16---------------! 0-23 IFine sand ------ --ISP, SP-SM IA-3
Pineda 123-40 ISandy loam, fine ISC, SM-SC IA-2-41
I I sandy loam, I I A-2-6
I I sandy clay loam.I I I
140-80 ISfine sandy sand,ISP-SM, SM IA-3, A-2-4I
I I I 1 1
17*------------- -1 0-80 !Fine sand--------!SP, SP-SM jA-3 I
Quartzipsamments1 1
1Captiva 1 8-16 ISand,sfine sand
116-80 (Coarse sand,
sand, fine sand.
I I
See footnote at end of table.
SP-SM SM 'A-3, A-2-4
SP, SP-SM 1A-3
SP IA-3
I
i
I I
100 189-99 1 1-3
100 I89-99 I 1-6
100 195-1001 2-10
100 I95-100I 5-20
100 195-100!20-35
100 l95-100
Liquid IPlas-
I limit Iticity
I lindex
IPctI
NP
I<35 I NP-15
20-40 14-20
--- I NP
� I
20-30
5-20 ! ---
NP
NP
NP
NP
NP
5-13
NP
100 '80-100' 2-12 ' --- ' NP
100 I80-100I15-25 I <35 INP-10
100 I80-100I18-35 120-40 19-26
50-75 I40-70 115-35 I <35 'NP-20
50-75 !40-70 3-20 <35 !NP-10
100 ' 100 185-100
100 1100 I90-100
95-100I90-100I85-100
1 1
60-100I50-100I50-100
I I I
100 1 100 180-95
100 1 100 !80-95
100
i
100
I
100 I
100 !
100
I
i
8-15 ' --- ' NP
18-30 I <30 14-10
13-30 1 <30 INP-10
13-30 I <30 'NP-10
I I
I ___ I
2-5 NP
15-35 20-30 4-12
100 180-95 1 4-15
100 l85-100! 2-10
80-90 '80-90 ' 5-15
85-95 I85-95 ! 2-10
80-90 I75-85 I 1-4
I I
--- ! NP
--- ! NP
--- NP
NP
--- NP
186
Soil Survey
TABLE 15.--ENGINEERING INDEX PROPERTIES--Coi
Classitication
P4
Map symbol and I
Depth
I USDA texture I
I
soil name
Unified
i AASHTO
I
I I
4
I
In
I I
I I
20.*
I
Beaches I
I I
I I
I
I I
21--------------- 1
0-61
IFine sand -------- ISP, SP-SM
IA-3 1
100
Pomello 1
61-72
1Coarse sand, ISP-SM, SM
IA-3, A-2-41
I
100
72-80
SP-SM
1
100
1
ICsande sand,
iA-3
sand,ISP,
22.*
Urban land I
I I
I I
23.*
I
Arents I
I I
I I
I I
I I
2Floridana
M SM
IFine ISP,SSP--SM
� A-2-41
IA-3
1
1
14-20
sand, sand
1Sandy ISM
IA-2-4, 1
100
20-37
loam, fine -SC, SC
100
I
I sandy loam, 1
1 A-2-6 1
I
37-80
I sandy clay loam*
ISclay loam, SM-SC,IA-2-4
I I
i
100
sandyISSC,
I
I loamy sand. I
I I
2St.
Augustine 1
30-45
'Sand, fine sand, ISP-SMP SM
IA-3, A-2-4185-95
I
I loamy fine sand.1
I I
26 --------------- 1
1
0-40
IFine sand -------- ISP, SP-SM
IMuck------------- IPT
IA-3, A-2-41
I --- I
100
___
St. Augustine
40-60
60-60
'S 'Sanfine s SM
A-2-4185-95
I
nd, ISP-SM,
I I
Id,
I I
27:* 1
Boca ------------ 1
1
0-17
1 1
IFine sand -------- ISP, SP-SM
(Sand, ISP,
1 1
1A-3, A-2-41
IA-3,
100
1
17-24
fine sand SP-SM
1Sandy
A-2-41
IA-2-4, 1
100
24-30
loam, sandylSC
100
I clay loam, fine I
I
1
I sandy loam.
IUnweathered
I A-2'6 I
30
I
I bedrock.
I I
Urban land. 1
I I
28:
EauGallie------- 1
1
0-23
IFine sand -------- ISP, SP-SM
1Sand,
1A-3 1
IA-3,
100
1
1
23-36
36-68
fine sand SP-SMO SM
ISand, fine ISP, SP-SM
A-2-41
IA-3, A-2-41
100
100
1
sand
ISandy ISM,
1
1
68-80
loam, fine SM-SC,IA-2-4,
100
I
I sandy loam, I SC
I A-2-6 I
1
1 sandy clay loam.1
I I
Urban land.
I I
I I
I
29:* I
Immokalee ------- 1
0-42
I I
IFine sand, sand ISP, SP-SM
I I
IA-3 1
I
100 1
IA-3v A-2-41
100 1
1
ISP,SSP--SM
58-80
IFine sand, sand
IA-3SM
100
Urban land. I
I I
I I
I
See footnote at
end of table.
itinued
?rcentage pass:
sieve umber—
10 i 40
I
I
100 160-100
100 160-100
100 160-100
I
100 180-90
100 180-90
100 185-95
95-100185-95
1
1
80-95 180-90
80-95 180-90
100 180_95
80-95 180-90 1
1 I
1
100 180-99 1
100 180-99 1
100 +80-99 +
I I
.nq
1Liquid
limit
200
Pct
I
I
1-8 I ---
6-15 i ---
4-10 i ---
I
I
I
5-25 1 ---
2-10 I ---
20-40 i 20-40
11-35 i <40
I I
2-5 1 ---
5-15 ---
I
2_12
5-15 I
I I
I I
2-12
2-12
17-40 + 16-37 +
I I
I I
Plas-
ticity
index
NP
NP
NP
NP
NP
7-26
NP-20
NP
NP
NP
NP
NP
NP
5-20
100 80-98 ' 2-5 ' --- ' NP
100 180-98 1 5-20 1 --- I NP
100 180-98 12-12 1 --- I NP
100 180-98 120-35 1 <40 1NP-20
100 70-1001 2-10 ' --- ' NP
100 170-1001 2-10 1 ___ 1 NP
100 170-1001 5-21 1 ___ 1 NP
100 170-1001 2-10 1 ___ I NP
Indian River County, Florida
187
TABLE 15.--ENGINEERING INDEX PROPERTIES --Continued
Map symbol and i Depth i USDA texture
soil name I I
I In I
31--------------- 1 0-5 (Fine sand--------
Jupiter1 5-11 ISand, fine sand
11 Weathered bedrock
32--------------- ' 1 0-3 'Sand-------------
Jonatban 3-75 1Fine sand, sand
75-80 !Fine sand, sand,
loamy sand.
33 --------------- 1 0-4 ISand-------------
AstatuLa 1 4-80 !Sand, fine sand
34---------------'
Satellite 1
I
Classification
Unified AASHTO i
I I
SP-SM IA-3, A-2-41
SP,-SP-SM IA-3--- I
I I
SP IA-3 I
SP IA-3 I
SP-SM, SM IA-3, A-2-4
SP, SP-SM IA-3 I
SP, SP-SM IA-3
0-4 'Fine sand -------- 'SP IA-3 1
4-80 (Coarse sand, ISP IA-3 I
sand, fine sand.!
35---------------0-1 'Mucky clay loam 'CH 'A-7
McKee i 1-60 iClay, clay loam, iCH iA-7
sandy clay.
1 60-80 lFine sand, loamy ISM IA-2-4, A-4
I I fine sand, sandy) I
I I loam. I I
36--------------- 1 0-6 !Fine sand -------- ISP, SP-SM 1A-3, A-2-4
Boca 1 6-20 1Sand, fine sand ISP, SP-SM IA-3, A-2-4
1 20-30 1Sandy loam, sandylSC IA-2-4,
I clay loam, fine I I A-6,
sandy loam. A-2-6
1 30 lUnweatbered I
I I bedrock. I I
39--------------- 1 0-17 (Fine sand -------- ISP, SP-SM IA-3
Malabar 1 17-41 !Sand, fine sand ISP, SP-SM IA-3,•A-2-4
141-65 !Sandy clay loam, ISC, SM-SC IA-2, A-4,
Percentage passing
sieve number--
4
10
i 40 i
200
100
1 100
185-95 1
5-12
100
1 100
185_95 1
2_5
100
I
1 100
I I
170-1001
1-4
100
1 100
170-1001
1-4
100
1 100
170-1001
5-15
I I I
100 1 100 175-99 1 1-7
100 1 100 175-99 1 1-7
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
fine sandy loam,l I A-6 1
I I sandy loam. I I I
1 65-80 ISand, fine sand, ISP-SM, SM IA-3, A-2-41 100
I I loamy fine sand.) I I
40--------------- 1 .0-26 IMuck------------- IPT IA-8 I ---
Gator 1 26-80 lLoam, fine sandy ISM -SC, SC IA-2-4, 1 100
I I loam, sandy clay( i A-2-6
I I loam. I
41 ---------------
Canova I
I
I
0-12 'Muck-------------
12-24 1Sand, fine sand
24-34 iSandy loam, fine
sandy loam,
1 sandy clay loam.
34-80 1Sandy clay loam,
sandy loam.
See footnote at end of table.
PT ' ---
SP, SP-SM IA-3
SM-SC, SC IA-2-4
1 A-2-6
SC 'A-2-4
A-2-6
i
100
100
100
I I I
1 100 160-95 1 1-4
1 100 160-95 1 1-4
1 100 195-100170-85
100 190-100160-85
90-100175-90 115-40
I I I
1 100 180-99 1 2-12
1 100 180-99 1 2-12
100 180-99 117-40
I I I
I I I
I I I
1 100 180-90 1 2-10
1 100 180-90 1 3-12
100 180-90 122-40
1 1 1
100 180-90 1 5-20
1 1 1
1 -__ I -__ I _-_
95-100180-99 125-46
1
1 I I
(Liquid 1Plas-
I limit Iticity
I lindex
Pct
NP
NP
I I
NP
I I NP
I I
NP
I I NP
NP
NP
I I
1 65-80 145-55
51-80 129-50
-- i NP
I
-- 1 NP
1 NP
16-37 i 5-20
I
I
-- I NP
-- 1 NP
20-40 4-15
--- i NP
I
I
20-40 4-28
1 100 175-1001 3-10 1 ___
100 175-95 115-35 1 20-40
1 100 175-95 118-35 1 20-40 1
NP
7-25
9-26
188
Soil Survey
Map symbol and
soil name
42 ---------------
Terra Ceia
44 ---------------
Perrine Variant
45 ---------------
Myakka
46 ---------------
Orsino
47 ---------------
Holopaw
48------
Electra
49 ---------------
Pompano
50.*
Pits
I
51 ---------------
Riviera 1
I
I
I
52 ---------------
Oldsmar
I
I
i
See footnote z
Depth
in
0-60
60-80
0-6
6-24
24
0-17
17-65
65-80
0-29
29-80
0-45
4 5-62
62-80
0-5
5-30
30-47
47-80 %
0-80
0-26
26-29
29-45
45-80
0-35
35-52
52-80
t end of
TABLE 15.--ENG:
USDA texture
:NEERING INDEX PROPERTIES --Continued
Classification Percentage passing �
1 sieve number-- Liquid
Unified I AASHTO I I limit
1 1 4 10 I 40 i 200 1
I I I I I I Pct
Muck ------------- 'PT IA-8 I --- I --- I --- I --- I ---
Sand, fine sand, ISP, SP-SM IA-31 A-2-4I 100 1 100 180-90 1 2-12 1
loamy sand. I I I I I I I
Fine Sandysandy loam clay loam, ICL-SC, SC IA-4, A-6 195-100180-100175-95 1511-70 1 24-40
loam. I I I I I I
Unweathered
bedrock.
I
I
I
Fine sand --------
ISP, SP-SM
IA-3
1100
Sand, fine sand,
ISM, SP-SM
IA-3, A-2-41
100
loamy fine sand.I
Sand, fine sand
iSP, SP-SM
I
IA-3
I
1 100
Fine sand --------
ISP
IA-3
1 100
Sand, fine sand
iSP, SP-SM
IA-3
1100
Fine sand --------
ISP, SP-SM
IA-3
1 100
Sandy loam, sandy1SM,
SM-SC
IA-2-4
1 100
clay loam, fine
sandy loam.
I
I
IA-2-4
I
1
Loamy sand, loamyISM
100
fine sand, fine
I
sand.
I
I I
Sand ------------- ISP,
SP-SM IA-3
1
100
Sand fine sand
ISP SP-SM IA-3
1
100
Sand, fine sand,
SM
IA-3, A-2-4I
100
iSP-SM,
loamy sand.
Sandy clay loam, ISC,
SM-SC IA-2,
A-4, 1
100
sandy clay, fine i
I
A-6 I
sandy loam. I
I
I
I
100
100
100
100
100
95-100
95-100
95-100
95-100
95-100
100
100
Fine sand -------- ISP, SP-SM :A-3, A-2-41 100 1 100
Fine sand--------
Sandyloam, sandy
clay loam.
Sandy loam, sandy
clay loam.
Sand, fine sand,
loamy sand.
Fine sand --------
Sand, fine sand,
loamy fine sand.
Sandy loam, fine
sandy loam,
sandy clay loam.1
table.
I I I
SP, SP-SM IA-3, A-2-41 100 1 100
SM, SM-SC,iA-2-4 i 100 1 100
SC
SM-SC, SC IA-2-4, 1 100 1 100
I A-2-6 1 1
SP, SP-SM IA-3, A-1, 160-80 150-75
1 A-2-4 1 1
SP, SP-SM IA-3 1 100 1 100
SP-SM, SM IA-3, A-2-4I 100 1100
SM-SC, SC IA-2-4, 1 100 1 100
IA-2-6 I I
I I I
85-100
85-100
85-100
85-95
85-100
70-95
70-99
70-99
75-99
75-99
80-99
80-99
75-100
80-100
80-100
80-100
40-70
2-10
5-20
2-8
1-3
2-10
2-10
15-30
11-20
<25
Plas-
ticity
index
NP
4-10
8-20
NP
NP
NP
NP
NP
NP
NP-7
W�
3-10
' ---
' NP
3-10
I ---
I NP
8-15
I --- i
NP
20-45
i 20-40
I I
i 4-20
1-12
I
---
I
NP
4-12
15-35
20-35
3-10
<35
20-40
NP
NP-15
4-20
NP
80-100'
2-10 '
---
' NP
80-1001
5-20 1
1 NP
85-100120-35
I
r
120-35
I
r
15-15
I
r
Indian River County, Florida
Map symbol and
soil name
53 ---------------
Manatee
54 ---------------
Riomar
55 ---------------
Floridana
56 ---------------
Pineda
57 ---------------
Holopaw
58 ---------------
Samsula
59 ---------------
Lokosee
60---------------'
Pompano
61 ---------------
Delray
TABLE 15.--ENGINEERING INDEX PROPERTIES --Continued
I I I Classitication i Percentage passing
Depth USDA texture sieve number--
( + 1 Unified 1 AASHTO I I 1 1
4 10 40 200
In
I I I I 1 I I
0-8 1Mucky loamy fine ISP-SM, SM IA-3, A-2-41 100 1 100 185-1001
8- 4 1 8-15
I 2 sand. I I_ I I I I
Fine sandy loam, SM-SC, SC, A_2 4 100 100 90-100 18-30
I 1 sandy loam. I SM I I I I I
1 24-42 (Fine sandy loam, ISM, SM-SC,IA-2-4 I95-100I90-100I85-100I13-30
Y
I I Sand loam, I SC I I I I I
I I loamy fine sand I I I I I
1 42-80 IFine sandy sandy an;oam, I,SMSC, SM-SC,IA-2-4 160-100150-100150-100113-30
I I loamy fine sand.± I I I I I
1 8-15 (Clay loam, clay ICL' CL IA-7 1 100 1 100 I90-100I60-85
1 15-25 ISandy clay, clay ICH IA-7 1 100 1 100 190-100160-85
loam.
1 25 Iweathered bedrock) I I I I I
I 0-19 (Mucky fine sand ISP-SM, SM IA 3, A-2-41 100 1 100 I80-90 1 5-25 1
119-35 (Sand, fine sand ISP, SP-SM IA-3 1 100 1 100 I80-90 1 2-10 1
1 35-50 ISandy loam, fine ISM -SC, SC IA-2-4, 1 100 1 100 I85-95 I20-40 1
I I sandy loam, I I A-2-6 1 1 1 1 1
I 1 sandy clay loam.I I I I I 1 1
150-80 ILoamy fine sand ISP-SM, SM IA-3, A-2-41 100 1 100 185-95 1 5-15
10-32 (Fine sand -------- ISP, SP-SM IA-3 1 100 1 100 I80-95 1 2-5 1
1 32-52 ISandy loam, dy loam ,fine IMSC
S, , IAA2-46 1 100 1 100 180-95 115-35 1
I I sandy clay loam.I I I I I I I
1 52-80 ISand, loamy sand ISP-SM, SM IA-3, A-2-41 100 1 100 180-95 1 5-15 1
0-47 (Fine sand -------- ISP, SP-SM IA-3 1 100 I95-100I70-95 1 2-10 1
147-65 (Sandy loam, fine ISM, SM-SC IA-2-4 1 100 I95-100I70-95 I15-30 1
sandy loam,
I
I I sandy clay loam I I I I 1 1
165-80 ILoamy sand, loam;ISM IA-2-4 1 100 195-100170-95 111-20 1
I I fine sand, fine I I I I I I I
I I Sand' I I I I I I I
10-26 IMuck------------- IPT I --- I--- I--- I--- I--- I
1 26-80 ISandoampfsandsand, ISSPSM, SM,IA-3, A-2-41 100 1 100 180-1001 2-20 1
I I I I I I I I I
110-35 ISand,sfine sand ISP, SP-SM IA 3, A-2-4I 100 1 100 I85-100I 3-12 1
35-45 ISand, fine sand ISP-SM, SM IA-3, A-2-4I 100 1 100 I85-100I 5-20 1
70-80 ISanfly loam,sfine ISM, SM-SC,IA-2-4, 1 100 1 100 I85-100I20-35 1
I sandy loam, SC I A-2-6 I I I I I
1 sandy clay loam.) I I I I I I
0-80 (Fine sand -------- ISP, SP-SM IA-3, A-2-41 100 1 100 175-1001 1-12
0-3 (Muck ------------- IPT I --- I--- I--- I--- I--- I
3-21 ISf d,ine loamy sand. sand,lC SPP---SMS,SM,IA-2-4, A-31 100 1 100 195-1001 5-20 1
21-45 IFine sand, sand ISP-SM IA-3, A-2-4I 100 1 100 I95-100I 5-12 1
45-80 ISandy loam, fine ISM, SM-SC,IA-2-4, 1100 1 100 I95-100120-35 1
1 sandy loam, I SC I A-2-6 I I I I 1
Isandy clay loam.) I I I I I I
I I 1 I I 1 I I
See footnote at end of table.
189
Liquid IPlas-
limit Iticity
!index
Pct i
-- NP
<30 INP-10
<30 INP-10
I
<30 1NP-10
43-56 123-33
43-56 I23-33
51-71 129-45
--- 1 NP
NP
20-40 7-26
20-30
NP
NP
4-12
-- i NP
-- I NP
<25 1NP-7
-- 1 NP
I
I NP
I
<35
NP
NP
NP
NP
NP-14
-- i NP
I
<20 INP-5
NP
<40 INP-15
I
190
Soil Survey
TABLE 15.--ENGINEERING INDEX PROPERTIES --Continued
Classitication Percentage passing
Map symbol and I Depth I USDA texture I ' I sieve number-- ILiquid IPlas-
soil name I I I Unified I AASHTO I ' ' ' I limit Iticity
I I 14 i 10 40 1 200 1 iindex
in Pct
62----- 0-5 iMucckyy loamy fine iSP-SM, SM IA-3, A-2-41 100 1 100 195-1001 5-20 1 <40 INP-10
Chobee sand.
I 5-50 (Sandy loam, fine ISP-SM, SM,IA-2-4, 1100 1100 I85-99 I12-45 I <45 INP-25
I I sandy loam, I SC, SM-sCI A-2-6, I I I I I I
1 sandy clay loam.i IA-2-4
A-6, A-7 I I I I I I
50-80 (Fine sand, loamy ISP-SM, SM IA 2 4 1 100 1 100 180-99 112-25 1 <40 INP-10
I I sand. I I I I I I 1 1
63--------------- I 0-6 IMuck------------- IPT I --- I--- I--- I--- I--- I--- I NP
Kesson 1 6-30 (Sand, fine sand ISP, SP-SM IA-3 I90-100I90-100I90-100I 2-10 I --- I NP
1 30-38 ISand, fine sand ISP, SP-SM IA-3 I70-100I65-95 I60-95 1 2-10 I --- I NP
i38-80 ISand, fine sand iSP, SP-SM IA-3 i90-100i90-100i90-100i 2-10 i --- i NP
* See description of the map unit for composition and behavior characteristics of the map unit.
Indian River County, Florida
191
TABLE 16.--PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOILS
[The symbol < means less than; > means more than. Entries under "Erosion factors--T" apply to the entire
profile. Entries under "Wind erodibility group" and "Organic matter" apply only to the surface layer.
Absence of an entry indicates that data were not available or were not estimated]
Map symbol and
soil name
1----------------
Canaveral
2 ----------------
Chobee
3 ----------------
EauGallie
4----------------!i
Immokalee
5----------------
Myakka
6----------------!i
Oldsmar
7----------------!i
Palm Beach
8 ----------------
Paola
9----------------,
Pepper
10 ---------------
Riviera
DepthlClay
In Pct
0-6 <2
6-Sol <2
0-5 1 7-15
5-46120-35
46-801 7-20
0-5 1 <5
5-261 1-8
26-471 1-5
47-62113-31
62-801 1-13
0-5 1 1-5
5-351 1-5
35-551 2-7
55-801 1-5
0-281 <2
28-581 1-8
58-801 <2
0-321 <2
32-501 2-8
50-62115-30
0-801 <2
1
0-121 <2
12-801 <3
0-8 1 <2
8-221 <2
22-391 4-13
39-471 2-8
47-60110-30
0-261 1-6
26-31112-25
31-40115-25
40-801 1-8
11---------------i 0-80' <2
St. Lucie I I
12--------------- I 0-4 1 0-1
Archbold 1 4-801 0-1
13--------------- 1 0-241 <5
Wabasso 124-351 1-12
135-48112-30
48-801 2-12!
1 1
See footnote at end of tat
Moist I
Permea-
IAvailablel
ISalinity
I
Soil
bulk
I bility
I water Ireactionl
density
G/cc
I
i In/hr
Ic�Qacity
i IN in
i pH
iMmhos/cm
1.25-1.501
>20
10.02-0 05166-8.4
1 <2
1.25-1.501
>20
10.02-0.'0516:6-8.4
1 <2
1.45-1.501
1.55-1.751
2.0-6.0
<0.2
10.10-0.1516.1-7.3
10.12-0
1 <2
1 <2
1.60-1.751
0.2-6.0
1717.4-8.4
10.06-0.1017.4-8.4
1 <2
1.25-1.50I
1.45-1.601
6.0-20
0.6-6.0
10.02-0 0714.5-6.0
10.15-0.2514.5-6.5
1 <2
1 <2
1.45-1.651
1.55-1.7010.06-2.0
6.0-20
10.02-0:0514.5-7.8
10.10-0.2014.5-7.8
1 <2 1
1 <2
1.45-1.551
0.6-6.0
10.05-0.1514.5-7.8
1
<2
1.20-1.501
6.0-20 10.05-0
10.02-0�0513.6-6.0
1013.6-6.0
1
<2
1
1.45-1.701
1.30-1.601
1.40-1.601
6.0-20
0.6-2.0 10.10-0:2513.6-6.0
6.0-20
10.02-0.0513.6-6.0
1
<2
i <2 1
<2 1
1.35-1.551
6.0-20
10.02-0.0513.6-6.5
1 <2 1
1.45-1.601
1.48-1.701
0.6-6.0
6.0-20
10.10-0.2013.6-6.5
10.02-0.1013.6-6.5
1 <2 1
1 <2
1.48-1.611
6.0-20
0.2-6.0
10.02-0 0513.6-7.3
10.10-O'1513.6-7.3
1
1 <2
1.42-1.591
1.60-1.691
<0.2 10.10-0.1516.1-8.4
<2
1 <2
1.25-1.501
>20
I0.02-0.0517.4-8.4
1
<2
1.45-1.601
>20
10.02-0 0514.5-7.3
1
<2
1.45-1.601
>20
10.02-0.0514.5-7.3
1 <2
1.32-1.44I
1.43-1.571
6.0-20
6.0-20 10.02-0.0513.6-6.0
10.05-0 1013.6-6.0
1
1
<2
<2
1.47-1.591
<0.2 10.10-0�1513.6-6.5
1 <2
1.47-1.591
1.49-1.701
0.2-2.0
<0.6
10.05-0.1013.6-6.5
10.10-0.1515.6-7.8
1
1 <2
<2
1.40-1.651
6.0-20
10.
10.05-0 0814.5-7.3
1
1
<2 1
1
1.50-1.701
<0.2
10.12-01516.1-8.4
10-0�1416.1-8.4
:
1
<2
1.50-1.701
1.40-1.651
<0.2
0.6-6.0 10.05-0.0817.9-8.4
1
<2
<2
1.50-1.601
>20 10.02-0.0513.6-7.3
1
<2
1.50-1.601
>20
10.03-0 0513.6-5.5
1
<2 1
1.50-1.601
>20 10.02-0.0313.6-5.5
1
<2
1.25-1.551
1.50-1.751
6.0-20 10.
0.6-2.0 10.10-0.1514.5-7.3
02-0 0514.5-6.5
1
1
<2 1
1
1.60-1.801
<0.2 10.10-0*1515.1-8.4
1
<2
<2 1
1.40-1.701
6.0-20 !0.05-0.1017.4-8.4
!
<2
)le.
Shrink -
swell
potential
Erosion Wind '
factorslerodi-IOrganic
Ibilityl matter
K i T ir1
roup
I I 1 Pct
Low ------- 10.101 5 1 2 1 <1
LOW ------- 10 101 5
Moderate 10.321
Low ------- 10.20
Low ------- I0.101 5
LOW ------- 10.15
LOW ------- 10.10
LOW ------- 10.15
LOW ------- 10.101 5
Low ------- 10.151
LOW ------- i0.10
LOW ------- 10.101 5
LOW ------- 10.10
Low ------- !0.24! 5
Low ------- !0.10! 5
Low-------
Low-------
Low-------
Low-------
Low-------
Low-------
Low-------
Low-------
Low-------
Low-------
Low-------.
0.10' 5
0.10!
0.101 5
0.101
0.201
0.151
0.24.
0.101 4
0.241
0.241
0.151
0.101 5
0.10' 5
O.l0
0.101 5
0.151
0.241
0.101
i
2 ; 2-7
I
2 2-8
2 i 1-2
I
I
2 <2
2 ! 1-4
192
Soil Survey
Map symbol and
soil name
14-----
Winder
is ---------------
Manatee
16 ---------------
Pineda
17---------------
Quartzipsamments
18 ---------------
Captiva
20.*
Beacbes
21 ---------------
Pomello
22.*
Urban land
23---------------
Arents
24 ---------------
Floridana
25 ---------------
St. Augustine
26 ---------------
St. Augustine
27:*
Boca------------
Urban land.
TABLE 16.--PHYSIC,
epthlClay 1 Moist
bulk
density
In i Pct i 6/cc
0-171 1-6 11.40-1.65
7-23110-1811.45-1.65
3-34120-3011.60-1.70
4-65115-3011.50-1.70
5-801 6-1311.40-1.65
0-121 2-8 11.20-1.40
2-31110-201150-1.65
1-391 6-2011:55-1.70
9-801 6-2011.55-1.70
0-231 1-8 11.30-1.60
3-40110-2511.50-1.70
0-801 3-1211.45-1.60
0-801 1-3 11.50-1.65
I I
0-8 1 1-3 11.30-1.55
8-161 1-3 11.45-1.65
6-801 1-3 11.50-1.65
kL AND CHD
Permea-
bility
In/nr
6.0-20
0.2-0 6
<0.2�
<0.2
6.0-20
2.0-6 0 '
1 0.6-2.0
0.6-2 0
0.6-2.0
6.0-20 +
<0.2
2.0-6.0
6.0-20
1
6.0-20 1
>20 1
>20
ICAL PROP
Available
water
capacity
In/in
0.03-0.08
0.06-0.10
0.10-0.15
0.06-0.12
0.03-0.10
0.15-0.20
0.10-0.15
0.08-0.15
0.08-0.15
0.02-0.05
0.10-0.15
0.02-0.05
0.03-0.05
0.10-0.15
0.05-0.10
0.05-0.10
E2TIES OF
' soil
reaction
I P"
�5.6-7.8
16.1-7.8
16.6-8.4
17.4-8.4
7.4-8.4
15.6-7.8
6.6-7.8
7.4-8.4
17.4-8.4
4.5-7.3
5.1-8.4
5.6-8.4
4.5-7.3
7.4-7.8
7.9-6.4
7.9-8.4
THE SOIL
Salinity
1
Mmnos/cm
<2
1 <2
1 <2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
1 <2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
D-61' <2 '1.35-1.65' >20 '0.02-0.05'4.5-6.0 ' <2
I-721 <2 11.45-1 601 2.D-6.0 10.10-0 3014.5-6.0 1 <2
2-80, <2 �1.35-1.65� 6.0-20 10.02-0.05�4.5-6.0 <2
)-50' 1-10
)-721 1-10
2-801 1-10
)-141 3-10
a-201 1-7
)-37115-30
)-301 0-2
)-451 4-12
)-271 2-5
7-30! ---
1.35-1.551
1.35-1.55
1.35-1.55
1.40-1.49
1.52-1.581
1.60-1.69
1.30-1.40'
1.40-1.55
1.35-1.45
0.25-0.351
6.0-20
6.0-20
6.0-20
6.0-20
6.0-20
<O.2
6.0-20
2.0-20
6.0-20
6.0-20
.02-0.08
.02-0.08
.02-0.08'
.10-0.20
.05-0.101
.10-0.201
.02-0.05'
.05-0.10i
.05-0.10
.15-0.201
6.6-8.4
5.6-8.4
5.6-6.5
4.5-8.4
4.5-8.4 1
4.5-8.4
6.1-8.4
6.1-8.4
7.4-8.4
3.6-6.5
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
8-16
>16
)-17' <2 '1.30-1.55' 6.0-20-0.05-0.10-5.1-8.4 ' <2
7-241 <2 11.50-1 601 6.0-20 10.02-0 0515.1-8.4 1 <2
a-30114_3011.55_1.651 0.6_2.0 10.10_0.1515.1_8.4 1 <2
30 I ---
See footnote at end of table.
3--Continued
Sbrink-
' Eroslon
factorslerodi-
Wind
11
y
1group
potential
11 K
T
1
ow--- ----
1
10.201
1
5
1
1 2
how-------10.241
1
Low-------i0.151
1
I ow-------10.101
5
1 2
how-------10.241
1
Low-- -----
10.241
1
how -------
10.241
5
1 2
Low -------
10.101
1
ow -------
10.101
5
1 2
1
ow-------
1
10.101
1
5
1
1 2
ow-------
0.101
Low ------- 10.177
ow-------10 20
5'
5I
1
2
2
2
2
2
Organic
matter
Pct
.1-2
i 4-15
.5-6
<.5
I
I
I
<1
I
i
<.5
6-15
1-3
1-3
1-3
Indian River County, Florida
193
Map symbol and
soil name
28:*
EauGallie-------
Urban land.
29:*
Immokalee-------
Urban land.
31 ---------------
Jupiter
32-------
Jonathan
3---------------
statula
34---------------!
Satellite
3---------- McKee
36---------------Boca
39 ---------------
Malabar
40 ---------------
Gator
41 ---------------
Canova
42 ---------------
Terra Ceia
44 ---------------
Perrine Variant
Tl
Depth
In
0-23
23-36'
36-68
68-80
LBLE U
Clay
Yct
<5
1-8
1-5
13-31
i . --PHYS ICJ
Moist
bulk
density
G/cc
1.25-1.50
1.45-1.60
1.45-1.65
1.55-1.70
IL AND CHEMICAL PROP]
Permea- (Available
bility I water
Icapacity
In/hr i In/in
1
6.0-20 10.02-0.07'
0.6-6.0 10.15-0.25
6.0-20 10.02-0.05
0.06-2.0 10.10-0.20
:2TIES OF THE SOILS --Continued
' Erosion'Wina
Soil ISalinityl Shrink- I factorslerodi-I
reaction+ i swell I ibility
potential K T group
pH lMmhos/cml I I
4.5-6.0 1 <2 ILow------- 10 10 5 1 2 1
4.5-6.5 1 <2 ILow------- 10�151 1
4.5-7.8 1 <2 ILow------- 10�101 1
4.5-7.8 1 <2 !Low ------- 10.201
0-7 1-5 '1.20-1.501 6.0-20 10.05-0 1013.6-6.0 1 <2 jLow------- 10 101 5 1 2
7-421 1-5 I1.45-1.701 6.0-20 I0.02-0:05I3.6-6.0 1 <2 +Low-------10:101 1
42-581 2-7 11.30-1.601 0.6-2.0 (0.10-0.2513.E-6.0 I <2 1Low-------I0�151 I
58-80, 1-5 �1.40-1.60, 6.0-20 i0.02-0.05.3.6-6.0 1 <2 !Low-------10.101 1
)-5 ' 2-8
5_111 L1 1-3
i ---
)-3 I<O-3
3-751<O-3
i-801 1-8
)-4 1 1-3
1-801 1-3
)-4 1 1-3
1-801.5-2
)-1 150-65
L-60135-65''
)-801 3-10
)-6 1 <2
5-201 <2
)-30114-30
W i ---
)-171 <4
1-411 1-5
L-65110-25
i-801 1-8
)-261 0-1
5-80113-20i
)-121 ---
?-241 1-6
1-34115-25',
1-60120-30
)-601 ---
)-801 2-10
)-6 110-181
i-24118-30'
t4 1 ---
1.35-1.50
1.50-1.65
1.30-1.55
1.40-1.70
1.55-1.75
1.25-1.50
1.45-1.60
1.10-1.45
1.35-1.55
0.15-0.50'
0.25-0.60'
1.25-1.50'
1.30-1.55
1.50-1.60
1.55-1.65'
1.20-1.55
1.50-1.75,
1.60-1.70
1.50-1.70'I
0.10-0.30'
1.60-1.70'
0.20-0.40
1.35-1.50
1.60-1.70,
1.60-1.70I
0.15-0.35!I
1.35-1.50
0.90-1.20�
1.50_1.65
See footnote at end of table.
6.0-20 '0.12-0.18
6.0_20 �0.02_0.08
6.0-20 10.05-0.08
6.0-20 10.01-0.05
<0.2 10.10-0.15
>20 10.04-0.10
>20 `0.02-0.05
>20 10.02-0.10
>20 10.02-0.05
<0.2 10.12-0.20
0.2-0.6 10.12-0.20
>2.0 10.05-0.10
6.0-20 10.05-0.10
6.0-20 10.02-0.05'
0.6_21.0 10.10_0.15
6.0-20 10.03-0.08'.
6.0-20 10.05-0.10
<0.2 10.10-0.15
1.0-20 10.05-0.08
6.0-20 10.30-0.40
<0.2 10.10-0.15
6.0-20 10.10-0.20'
6.0-20 10.02-0.05
0.6-6.0 10.10-0.151
0.6-2.0 10.10-0.15
6.0-20 10.30-0.50
6.0-20 10.02-0.08
0.6-2.0 10.15-0.20'
0.6_2.0 10.15_0.20i
6.1-8.4
6.1-8.4
4.5-5.5
5.1-6.0
3.6-5.0
4.5-6.5
4.5-6.5
4.5-7.8
4.5-7.8
6.1-8.4
6.6-8.4
6.6-8.4
5.1-8.4
5.1-8.4
5.1-8.4
5.1-8.4
5.1-8.4
5.1-8.4
5.1-8.4
<4.-5.0
6.1-8.4
4.5-6.5
5.1-8.4
5.6-8.4
7.4-8.4
4.5-8.4
4.5-8.4
7.9-8.4
7.9_8.4
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
>16
>16
>16
<2
<2
-<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
Low-------
Low-------
Low-------
Low-------
Low-------
High------
High------
Low-------
Low------
Low-------
----------
Low-------�
Low-------
Low-------
Low-------
0.10
0_17
0.10
0.24
0.28
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.17
0.17
0.10
0.10
0.17
0.20
0.10
0.10
0.24
0.15
0.32
0.10
0.10
0.28
0.28
0.32
0_32
2 I 2
(
5 I 2
I
5 I 2
5 i 2
3 2
I
5 2
I
I
5 i 2
I
I
---1 2
I
5 2
I
I
2 1 2
I
2 i 4L
I
i
Organic
matter
Yct
2-8
1-2
1-3
1-2
.5-2
.5-2
10-25
1-3
1-2
55-85
35-75
>60
2-5
194
Soil Survey
TABLE 16.--PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOILS --Continued
Map symbol and 'Depth'
soil name I '
45 ---------------
Mya.kka
46 ---------------
Orsino
47 ---------------
Holopaw
48 ---------------
Electra
49 ---------------
Pompano
50.*
Pits
In
0-171
17-651
65-8011
0-29
29-80
0-451
45-621
62-80
0-5
5-301
30-471
47-801
0-801
51---------------' 0-26'
Riviera 126-29�
129-45'
45-80
5--------- 0ldsmar135-52'
152-80
53--------------- 1 0-8
Manatee 1 8-24
124-42
42-80
54---------------
1 8-15'
Riomar
115-25
25
55---------------1 0-19
Floridana 119-35
135-50
50-80
56--------------- 1 0-32
Pineda 132-52
52-80
57--------------- 1 0-47
Holopaw 147-65
65-80
58--------------- 1 0-26
Samsula 126-80
See footnote at end
Clay
FZW
<2
2-8
<2
<1
<2
1-7
13-28
7-13
1-6
1-6
1-6
18-38
<5
1-6
12-25
15-25
1-8
<2
2-8
15-30
2-8
10-20
6-20
6-20
30-65
35-65
35-65
3-10
1-7
15-30
3-10
1-8
10-25
3-12
1-7
13-28
7-13
1-14
of tal
Moist ' Permea-
bulk 1 bility
density 1
U/cc 1 in/nr
1.36-1.441 6.0-20
1.47-1.591 0.6-6 0
1.48-1.611 6.0-20
1.35-1.551 >20
1.35-1.551 >20
1.35-1.601 6.0-20
1.60-1.701 0.2-2.0
1.50-1.601 6.0-20
1.40-1.551 6.0-20
1.45-1.701 6.0-20
1.50-1.701 0.6-2.0
1.60-1.751 <0.2
1.30-1.651 6.0-20
1.40-1.65' 6.0-20
1.50-1.701 <0.2
1.50-1.701 <0.2
1.40-1.651 0.6-6.0
1.48-1.611 6.0-20
1.42-1.591 0.2-6.0
1.60-1.691 <0.2
1.00-1.201 2.0-6.0
1.50-1.651 0.6-2.0
1.55-1.701 0.6-2.0
1.55-1.701 0.6-2.0
0.15-0.501 <0.06
025-0.601 <0.06
0:50_0.8010.06_0.2
1.40-1.49
1.52-1.53
1.60-1.69
I1.55-1.70
1.30-1.60
�1.50-1.70
1.45-1.60
11.35-1.60
11.60-1.70
11.50-1.60
10.25-0.50
11.35-1.55
>le.
6.0-20
6.0-20
<0.2
6.0-20
6.0-20
<0.2
2.0-6.0
6.0-20
0.2-2.0
6.0-20
6.0-20
6.0-20
Available
water
ca acity
�n/in
0.02-0.05
0.10-0.15
0.02-0.05
0.02-0.08
0.02-0.08
0.07-0.10
0.15-0.20
0.05-0.10
0.05-0.10
0.02-0.07
0.10-0.15
0.10-0.15
0.02-0.05
0.05-0.01
0.10-0.11
0.12-0.1
0.05-0.01
0.02-0.0!
0.10-0.1.
0.10-0.1.
0.15-0.1
0.10-0.1.
0.08-0.1
0.08-0.1.
10.17-0.1'
0.16-0.11
0.16_0.1�
0.10-0.21
0.05-0.11
0.10-0.21
0.05-0.0
0.02-0.0.
0.10-0.1
0.02-0.0
0.03-0.11
0.10-0.21
0.05-0.11
0.20-0.2
0.02-0.0,
Soil
reaction'
P_"
3.6-6.5
3.6-6.5
3.6-6.5
3.6-6.0
3.6-6.0
5.1-7.3
5.1-8.4
5.1-8.4
3.6-6.5
3.6-6.5
3.6-5.5
3.6-5.5
4.5-7.8
4.5-7.3
6.1-8.4
6.1-8.4
7.9-8.4
3.6-7.3
3.6-7.3
6.1-8.4
5.6-7.8
6.6-8.4
7.4-8.4
7.4-8.4
6.1-8.4
6.6-8.4
6.6_8.4
4.5-8.4
4.5-8.4
4.5-8.4
4.5-8.4
4.5-7.3
5.1-8.4
5.6-8.4
5.1-7.3
5.1-8.4
5.1-8.4
4.5-5.5
3.6-5.5
Salinity
Mmnos/cm
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
>16
>16
>16
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
Shrink -
swell
potential
Low-------
Low-------
Low-------
Low-------
Low-------
Low-------
Low-------
Low-------
Low-------
Low-------
rrosion,Wina
factorslerodi-(Organic
Ibilityl matter
K I T Igroup
I I I Pct
0.101 5 I 2 1 1-2
0.1
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.21
0.1,
0.11
0.11
0.1.
0.1
0.11
0.11
0. 2,
0. 2,
0.1,
0.11
0.1.
0.2.
0.11
0. 2,
0.2
0.1
0.1
0_2
5 i
2 i
<1
5 i
2 i
1-4
I
5 1
I
1 1
1-2
5 i 2 1 1-2
I I
5 1 2 1 15-30
3 ! 2 ! 10-25
Low ------- '0.10' S
Low ------- 10.101
Low ------- 10.10
Low ------- 10.241 5
Low -------10.10
Low ------- 10.201 5
Low -------- 10.15
2
Low ------- 10.171
2 i 6-15
1
I
2 1 .5-6
1
2 1 1-4
2
>20
Indian River County, Florida 195
TABLE 16.--PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOILS --Continued
Map symbol and
soil name
59 ---------------
'I
IDepthlClay
I
I
I In
I —
1 0-101
I
I
I Pct
I
I Moist
I bulk
I density
I G/cc
I
11.20-1 551
I'
I Permea-
I bility
I
I In/hr
I
6.0-20
IAvailablel
I water
Ica acity
I In/in
I
10.02-0 0814.5-7.3
'
Soil
Ireactionl
I
I H
I �
'
ISalinityl
I
IMmhos/cm1
I
1 <2
'
Shrink-
I swell
(potential
I
(Low -------
1 ' Erosion
factors
I
I K
I
10 101
I T
I
5
IWind
erodi-IOrganic
Ibilityl matter
Igroup 1
I I Pct
1 2 1 1-3
I—
<4
Lokosee
110-351
135-451
1-5
11.45-1�551
6.0-20
10.05-0�1015.6-8.4
1 <2
ILow-------
10�101
1 1
145-701
2-8
1-5
11.60-1:801
11.55-1�801
0.6-6.0
6.0-20
10.05-0:1015.6-8.4
10.02-0.0816.1-8.4
1 <2
1 <2
(Low -------
ILow-------
10*151
10�101
1 1
1 1
170-80118-3011
1
1
60-1.801
1
<0.2
1
10.10-0:1516.1-8.4
1
1
1 <2
1
ILow-------
1
10:241
1
1
1 1
1 1
60---------------
1 0-801
I
<5
I
11 30-1 651
I
6.0-20
I
10.02-0 0514.5-7.8
I
I
1 <2
I
ILow-------
I
10 101
I
5
I
1 2 1 1-5
I I
Pompano
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I I
61----- __________I
1 0-3
1 ---
10.15-0 351
6.0-20
10.30-0 5015.E-7.3
1 <2
ILow-------
10 101
5
1 2 1 25-35
Delray
1 3-211
3-1311.35-1.451
6.0-20
10.10-0�1515.6-7.3
1 <2
ILow-------10.101
I
I
121-451
145-80113-3011
1
1-7
1
11.50-1 651
45-1.601
1
6.0-20
0.6-6.0
1
10.05-0�0816.1-7.3
10.10-0:1516.6-7.8
1
1
1 <2
1 <2
1
ILow------- 10*101
ILow------- 10.241
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1 1
62---------------
1 0-5
1 2-8
11 25-1 451
6.0-20
10.15-0 2515.1-6.5
1 <2 ILow
-------
10 101
2 1
2 1 6-12
Chobee
1 5-50110-3011.40-1.451
150-801
<0.2 10.12-0.1715.6-8.4
I0.10-0.1515.6-7.8
1 <2
1 ILow
ILow------- 10
10.151
D
1
1 1
1
0-1511
45-1.501
2.0-6.0
<2
-------
1 1
1
63--------------- 1
Kesson 1
0-6 1
6-301
--- 10
1-4 11.50-1:651
15-0 351
6.0-20 10.30-0
2.0-20 10.05-0.1017.4-9.0
5017.4-9.0
1 >16 ILow
1 >16 ILow
------- 10
------- 10-101
101
5 1
1
2 1 25-35
1
130-381
138-801
1-4 11.55-1�701
2-8 11
45-1.651
2.0-20 10.05-0
2.0-20 10.05-0.1517.4-9.0
1517.4-9.0
1
1 >16 (Low
>16 ILow
------- 10�101
------- 10:101
1
1
1
1
* See description
of
the map
unit for
composition
and behavior
characteristics
of the
map
unit.
196
Soil Survey
TABLE 17.--WATER FEATURES
["Flooding" and "water table" and terms such as "rare," "brief," "apparent," and "perched" are explained in
the text. The symbol < means less than; > means more than. Absence of an entry indicates that the
feature is not a concern or that data were not estimated]
' I Flooding ' High water tab1e
Map symbol and IHydrologicl ' 1
soil name I group i Frequency I Duration I Months I Depth I Kind I Months
1-----------------------i
Canaveral
I
C
'None------------
I
2-----------------------
I
B/D
INone------------
Chobee
I
I
3-----------------------
I
B/D
INone------------
EauGallie
4-----------------------
I
B/D
INone------------
Immokalee
5-----------------------
I
B/D
INone ------------
Myakka
I
I
6-----------------------
I
B/D
INone------------
Oldsmar
I
I
7-----------------------I
A
(None------------
Palm Beach
I
I
8-----------------------
I
A
INone ------------
Paola
9-----------------------
I
D
INone------------
Pepper
I
I
10---------------------- I
C/D
'None------------
Riviera I
I
11---------------------- I
A
(None------------
St. Lucie I
I
12---------------------- i
A
(None------------
Archbold I
I
13---------------------- I
B/D
(None------------
Wabasso I
14---------------------- I
B/D
'None------------
Winder I
I
15---------------------- I
B/D
(None------------
Manatee I
I
16---------------------- I
B/D
IRare ------------
Pineda
17.*
Quartzipsamments
18---------------------- I
B/D
(None------------
Captiva I
I
See footnotes at end of
table.
Ft
l
I
1.0-3.0
'Apparent
I Jun -Nov
I
I
0-1.0
iApparent
i Jun -Feb
0-1.0
I
iApparent
I
i Jun -Oct
0-1.0
iApparent
I Jun -Nov
I
I
0-1.0
(Apparent
I Jun -Nov
0-1.0
I
iApparent
I
I Jun -Feb
>6.0---
I
I
>6.0
I
---
I
--
0-1.0
I
'Perched
I
I Jun -Oct
0-1.0
I
'Apparent
I
I Jun -Dec
>6.0---
I
I
3.5-6.0
I
'Apparent
I
I Jun -Nov
I
I
0-1.0
iApparent
i Jun -Oct
0-1.0
iApparent
I Jun -Dec
0-1.0
I
iApparent
I
i Jun -Feb
0-1.0
'Apparent
I
I Jun -Nov
I
0-0.5
I
iApparent
I
I Jun -Oct
Indian River County, Florida
197
Map symbol and
soil name
20.*
Beaches
21 ----------------------
Pomello
22.*
Urban land
23.*
Arents
24 ----------------------
Floridana
2St. Augustine
26 ----------------------
St. Augustine
27:*
Boca-------------------
Urban land.
28:*
EauGallie--------------
Urban land.
29:*
Immokalee--------------
Urban land.
31 ----------------------
Jupiter
32 ----------------------
Jonathan
33 ----------------------
Astatula
34 ----------------------
Satellite
35** --------------------
McKee
36 ----------------------
Boca
39 ----------------------
Malabar
40** --------------------
Gator
See footnotes at end
TABLE 17.--WATER FEATURES --Continued
' Floodinq ' High pater table
Hydrologic) I II I
group I Frequency i Duration I Months i Depth i Kind i Months
Ft
I
I
C(None------------
B/D
INone------------
C
(Rare------------
B
'
(Rare------------
B/D
I i
(None------------'
I
B/D
I
I
(None------------
I
B/D
I
I
(None------------
I
B/D
I
(None------------
B
I
(None------------
A(None------------
I
C
I
INone------------
D
I
iFrequent--------
B/D
(None------------
B/D
(None------------
D
INone------------I
of table.
2.0-3.5 (Apparent
0-1.0 iApparent
1
1.5-3.0 (Apparent
I
2.0-3.0 iApparent
I
I
0-1.0 Apparent
Jul -Nov
Jun -Feb
Jul -Oct
Jun -Oct
Jun -Feb
--- I --- 1 0-1.0 ;Apparent 1 Jun -Oct
Very long-----
Jan-Dec
0-1.0 iApparent
I
I
0-1.0 (Apparent
1
3.0-5.0 (Apparent
>6.0 I ---
I
1.0-3.5 iApparent
I
+2-0 iApparent
I
0-1.0 iApparent
I
0-1.0 iApparent
I
+2-1.0 ;Apparent
Jun -Nov
Jun -Nov
Jun -Oct
Jun -Nov
Jan -Dec
Jun -Feb
Jun -Nov
Jun -Dec
198
Soil survey
TABLE 17.--WATER FEATURES --Continued
Flooding
Map symbol and IHydrologicl
soil name I
I
group
I Frequency I Duration I Months
I I I
I
41**-------------------- I
B/D
I I I
------------I --- ` ---
Canova I
(None
I I I
42**-------------------- I
B/D
------------I --- I ---
Terra Ceia I
(None
I I
44**-------------------- I
D
(None------------ I --- I ---
Perrine Variant I
I I I
45**--------------------I
D
INone------------ I --- I ---
Myakka I
I I I
46---------------------- I
A
(None ------------I --- I ---
Orsino I
I I I
47---------------------- I
B/D
None ------------ I --- I ---
Holopaw I
I I I
48---------------------- I
C
(None ------------I --- ` ---
Electra I
I I I
49---------------------- I
B/D
------------I --- I ---
Pompano I
(None
I I
50.* I
I
Pits I
I I
I I I
51**-------------------- I
D
INone------------ I --- I ---
Riviera I
I I I
52**--------------------I
D
(None ------------ I --- I ---
Oldsmar I
I I I
53**--------------------I
D
(None ------------ I --- I ---
Manatee I
I I I
54**-------------------- I
D
(Frequent -------- (Very long ----- I Jan -Dec
Riomar I
I I I
55**-------------------- I
D
INone ------------ I --- I ---
Floridana I
I I I
56**--------------------I
D
(None ------------I --- I ---
Pineda I
I I I
57**-------------------- I
D
(None ------------I --- I ---
Holopaw I
I I I
58**-------------------- I
B/D
(None ------------I --- I ---
Samsula I
I I I
59---------------------- I
B/D
(None ------------ I --- I ---
Lokosee I
I I I
60**-------------------- I
D
(None ------------I --- I ---
Pompano I
I I I
61**-------------------- I
D
(None ------------I --- I ---
Delray I
I I I
See footnotes at end
of table.
Hlph water table
Depth I Kind I Months
r_t I I
+2.-0 (Apparent Jan -Dec
I I
+1-1.0 !Apparent Jan -Dec
Apparent ; Jun -Nov
Apparent ; Jun -Feb
3.5-5.0 iApparent
I
0-1.0 iApparent
I
2.0-3.5 iApparent
I
0-1.0 !Apparent
i +2-1.0 iApparent
I+2-1.0 (Apparent
I I
I+2.-1.0 (Apparent
I
+2-0 (Apparent
I I
I+2-1.0 (Apparent
I I
I+2-1.0 (Apparent
I I
+2-1.0 (Apparent
+2-1.0 jApparent
i 0-1.0 iApparent
I I
I+2-1.0 iApparent
I I
+2-1.0 !Apparent
Jun -Dec
Jun -Nov
Jul -Oct
Jun -Nov
Jun -Dec
Jun -Feb
Jun -Feb
Jan -Dec
Jun -Feb
Jun -Dec
Jun -Apr
I
IJan -Dec
I
Jul -Nov
I
Jun -Feb
I
Jun -Dec
Indian River County, Florida
199
TABLE 17.--WATER FEATURES --Continued
Flooding High water table
Map symbol and 1Hydrologicl
soil name i group i Frequency i Duration i Months i Depth i Kind i Months
Ft
62**--------------------� I� --- --- 1
D iNone------------I I I +2.-1.0 iApparent I Jun -Dec
Chobee
63---------------------- i D iFrequent--------iVery long -----I Jan -Dec 1 0-0.5 iApparent i Jan -Dec
Kesson
* See description of the map unit for composition and behavior characteristics of the map unit.
** In the "High water table --Depth" column, a plus sign preceding the range in depth indicates that the
water table is above the surface of the soil. The first numeral in the range indicates how high the water
rises above the surface. The second numeral indicates the depth below the surface.
200
Soil Survey
TABLE IS. --SOIL FEATURES
[The symbol > means more than. Absence of an entry indicates that the feature is
data were not estimated]
not a concern or that
SearocK Cementea Subslaence
RisK of corrosion
I
Map symbol and II
soil name I
I
pan 1
Depth (Hardness I I Initial I Total
I I (Hardness I
I Uncoated steellConcrete
I I
Depth
I
in I I 1 I I in in
I I
1-----------------------I
>60 I--- i --- I--- i --- i ---
(Moderate-------ILow.
Canaveral I
I I I I I
1 1
2-----------------------I
>60 I--- I --- i--- I --- I ---
(Moderate-------ILow.
Chobee I
I I I I I
I I
3-----------------------I
>60 I--- I --- I--- I --- I ---
(High -----------(Moderate.
EauGallie I
I I I I I
I I
4-----------------------I
>60 I--- I --- I--- I --- I ---
(High ----------- (High.
Immokalee I
I I I I I
I I
5-----------------------I
>60 I--- I --- I--- i --- I ---
iHigh----------- iHigh.
Myakka I
I I I I I
I I
6-----------------------I
>60 I--- I --- i--- I --- I ---
iModerate-------iHigh.
Oldsmar I
I I I I I
I I
7-----------------------I
>60 I--- I --- I--- I --- i ---
ILow------------ ILow.
Palm Beach I
I I I I I
I I
8-----------------------I
>60 I--- I --- I--- I --- I ---
ILow------------ iHigh.
Paola I
I I I I I
I I
9-----------------------I
>60 I --- 1 15-30 (Thin I --- I ---
iHigh-----------(Moderate.
Pepper I
I I I I I
I I
10---------------------- i
>60 I --- I --- I --- I --- i ---
(High -----------(High.
Riviera I
I I I I I
I I
11----------------------I
>60 i --- I --- I --- I --- I ---
ILow------------ (Moderate.
St. Lucie I
I I I I I
I I
12----------------------I
>60 I --- I --- I --- I --- I ---
ILow------------ (Moderate.
Archbold I
I I I I I
I I
13----------------------I
>60 I --- i --- I --- I --- I ---
(Moderate-------iHigh.
Wabasso I
I I I I I
I I
14---------------------- i
>60 I --- I --- I --- I --- I ---
(High-----------ILow.
Winder I
I I I I I
I I
15----------------------I
>60 I --- I --- I --- i --- I ---
(High-----------ILow.
Manatee I
I I I I I
I I
16----------------------I
>60 I --- I --- I --- I --- I ---
(High ----------- Low.
Pineda
17.*
I I I I I
I I
I
Quartzipsamments I
I I I I I
I I
18---------------------- I
>60 I--- I--- I--- I--- I ---
I Low------------ I Low.
Captiva
20.* I
I I I I I
I I
Beaches
See footnote at end of
table.
Indian River County, Florida
201
TABLE 1
' Bedrock
Map symbol and '
soil name i Depth iHardness
I In I
21----------------------I >60 i ---
Pomello
22.* I I
Urban land I I
23.* I I
Arents I I
24----------------------i >60 i ---
Floridana I I
25----------------------i >60 i ---
St. Augustine I I
26----------------------i >60 i ---
St. Augustine
27:* I I
Boca-------------------i 24-40 (Soft
Urban land. I I
28:* I I
EauGallie--------------i >60 i ---
Urban land. I I
29:* I I
Immokalee--------------i >60 i ---
Urban land.
31---------------------- 1 B-20 (Soft
Jupiter
Jonathan I I
33----------------------I >60 i ---
Astatula I I
34----------------------i >60 i ---
Satellite
35----------------------� >60 i ---
McKee I I
36----------------------i 24-40 (Soft
Boca I I I
39----------------------i >60 ---
Malabar I I I
40----------------------i >60 i ---
Gator I I I
41----------------------i >60 i ---
Canova
See footnote at end of table.
3.--SOIL FEATURES--C,
Cemented
pan
I Depth (Hardness
I In I
I
0-75
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Thin
)ntinued
Subsidence
I ,
Initial i Total
In i In
12-48
2-6
3-6
2-48
it
I
I
0-23
I
8-12
Risk of cor:
Uncoated steel
Low------------
Moderate-------
High -----------I
High-----------
High-----------�
High -----------I
High -----------+
I
High -----------
I
Low ------------
I
Low------------+
I
Low ------------
I
High -----------
I
High -----------
I
High -----------
I
High -----------
I
High-----------�
,,osion
Concrete
High.
Low.
High.
Moderate.
Moderate.
Moderate.
High.
Low.
High.
High.
Moderate.
High.
Moderate.
Low.
High.
Low.
202
Soil survey
TABLE 18.--SOIL FEATURES --Continued
Bedrock Cemented Subsidence
Risx of corrosion
Map symbol and I
soil name I
Depth
I pan I
'Hardness 1 I Initial I Total
Depth (Hardness I
( '
I Uncoated steellConcrete
I
In
I I
in I In
I I
I I 1
I I I
I I
42 1
>60
I I
I 1 16-20 I 50-60
(Moderate ------- iModerate.
Terra Ceia I
I I
I I I
I I
44-----e
7-20
(Soft
lHigh----------- 'Low.
Variant I
Perrin45----------------------I
I
I I I
>60
' --- I ---
I --- I --- ' ---
'High ----------- 'High.
Myakka I
I I
I I I
I I
46---------------------- I
>60
I --- ' ---
' --- ' --- I ---
ILow------------ IModerate.
Ors ino I
I I
I
I I
I I
47----------------------I
>60
' --- ' ---
' ---
I --- I ---
(High -----------
Holopaw I
I I
I
I I
'Moderate.
I I
48---------------------- I
>60
I ___ I ___
I ___
I ___ I ___
ILOw------------ 'High.
Electra I
I I
I
I I
I I
49---------------------- I
>60
I --- ' ---
' ---
' --- I ---
'High ----------- 'Moderate.
Pompano I
I I
I
I I
I I
so.*
I I
I
I I
I I
I
Pits I
I I I
I I
I I
51----------------------1
>60
I --- I ---
I ---
I --- I ---
(High ----------- jHigh.
Riviera I
I I
I
I 1 1
52 ---------------------- 1
>60 I --- ' ---
I ---
' --- I --- (Moderate -------
Oldsmar I
I I
I
I I I
53----------------------I
>60 ' --- ' ---
I ---
' --- I --- (High-----------
Manatee I
I I
I
I I I
54---------------------- I
20-40 (Hard I ---
I ---
I 12-48 I 12-48 (High-----------
Riomar
55---------------------- i
>60
I --- I ---
I ---
I
--- I --- (Moderate-------
Floridana I
I I
I
I I I
56---------------------- I
>60
I --- I---
I ---
I---
I--- I High-----------
Pineda I
I I
I
I I I
57----------------------I
>60
I --- I ---
I ---
I --- I --- 'High-----------'
Holopaw I
I I I
I
I I
58----------------------I
>60
I --- I --- I
---
I
16-20 I 30-36 (High -----------
Samsula I
I I
I
I I I
59----------------------i
>60
I --- I ---
I ---
I
--- I --- 'High-----------
Lokosee I
I I
I
I I I
60----------------------'
>60
I --- ' ---
I ---
I
--- I --- (High-----------
Pompano I
I I
I
I I I
61---------------------- 1
>60
1 --- I ---
1 ---
I --- I --- IModerate-------�
Delray I I I I I I I
62----------------------I >60 I --- I --- I --- ' --- I --- (High----
Chobee I I I I I I I
See footnote at end of table.
High.
I
Low.
High.
Low.
Low.
Moderate.
High.
Low.
Moderate.
Low.
------iHigh.
i
Indian River County, Florida
203
Map symbol and
soil name
63 ----------------------
Kesson
TABLE 18.--SOIL FEATURES-0
Bedrock Cemented
' i pan
Depth lHardness I '
I Depth lHardness
In i i In
>60 --- --- ---
intinued
Subsidence
Initial i Total
In i In
Risr of corrosion
Uncoated steellConcrete
High ----------- !Low.
* See description of the map unit for composition and behavior characteristics of the map unit.
Soil name and
sample number
Depth;
In
I
I
onl Very (Coarse I
Icoarsel(1.0- 1
1(2.0- 1 0.5) I
1.0)1 1
Mm i �'
Archbold:
S82FL-061-006-1
1 0- 21
1
A 1
1
0.0 1
0.0 1
4.6
S82FL-061-006-2
2-181
118-381
Cl
1
0.0 1
5.3
S82FL-061-006-3
138-511
Cl
1
1
5.5
S82FL-061-006-4
151-801
C2
0.0
1
4.5
S82FL-061-006-5
C3 1
0.1
8.5
Astatula:
1
1
1
S82FL-061-015-1
0- 41
1
A
1
0.0
1
7.3
S82FL-061-015-2
4- 51
1
A1C
Cl. 1
0.0
0.0 1
5.4
5.4
S82FL-061-015-3
5-141
114-441
C2 1
0.0 1
6.9
S82FL-061-015-4
144-711
1
1
S82FL-061-015-5
171-801
C2
1
0.1
1
8.7
S82FL-061-015-6
C3
0.1
7.6
Boca:
S82FL-061-002-1
1 0- 71
1
Ap 1
1
0.2 1
1
1.6
S82FL-061-002-2
7-141
114-201
E
1
0.2
0.7 1
2.0
3.1
S82FL-061-002-3
120-241
Bx
1
1
S82FL-061-002-4
Bt
2.8
3.4
Canaveral:
I I
I
I
TABLE 19.--PHYSICAL ANALYSIS OF SELECTED SOILS
Particle -size distri
Sand
M 0 5- 1(01ne lVery
25-1fi e
0.25)1 0.1) 1(0.1-
1 1 0.05)
Mm i Mm i Mm
65.5 1 28.2 1 1.0
61.9 1 31.3 1 1.0
57.6 1 35.0 1 1.2
53.4 1 40.2 1 1.3
61.7 28.0 1.0
70.2
68.4
69.0
66.C-
64.0
59.5
5.E
7.7
7.c
6.7
bution
i Silt
Total
I
1(0.05-1
(2.0-
10.002)
0.05)
MID
I I,
i Mm
99.3
I
1 0.3
99.5
1 0.0
99.3
1 0.1
99.4
1 0.0
99.3
0.0
Clay
I Hydraulic
(<0.002) conduc-
tivity
(saturated)
Mm i Qn/hr
0.4 ' ---
0.5 1 80.2
0.6 1 63.7
0.6 1 80.8
0.7 60.5
21.1 ! 0.8 ! 99.4 ! 0.0 ! 0.6
24.1
' 0.9 '
98.8
' 0.1 '
1.1
23.4
1 0.8 1
98.6
1 0.3 1
1.1
24.4
1 0.9 1
98.7
1 0.3 1
1.0
25.1
1 0.6 1
98.5
1 0.2 1
1.3
28.5
i 0.9 i
97.0
i 2.2 i
0.8
70.4
I I
1 14.7 1
92.7
I I
1 3.8 1
3.5
73.0
1 13.1 1
95.4
1 2.8 1
1.8
68.5
1 13.1 1
93.3
1 2.7 1
4.0
57.3
12.4
82.0
3.1
14.9
S82FL-061-008-1
1 0- 5 A
1
0.0
1
0.4
1
' 23.2
1
' 67.9
1
S82FL-061-008-2
5- 91 Cl
1
0.0
1
0.5
1
20.6
1
73.0
1 73.8
S82FL-061-008-3
9-171 C2
117-341
0.0
1
0.3
1
18.4
1
1
S82FL-061-008-4
C3
134-491
0.0
1 0.0
0.7
1
18.5
1
74.8
1 73.0
S82FL-061-008-5
C3
149-611
1
1.3
1
18.0
1
1
S82FL-M l-008-6
C4
0.0
0.8
17.1
73.3
S82FL-061-008-7
i61-801 C5
1 0.2
i 4.1
i 24.7
i 52.2
Canova:
I I
I
I
I
I
S82FL-061-011-1
i 0- 6i Oap
--- I
---
S82FL-061-011-2
6-12 Oa
112-131
1
1
1
1
S82FL-Ml-011-3
A
113-211
0.2
1
13.8
1
66.2
1 62.0
18.2
1 20.0
S82FL-061-011-4
E1
121-241
0.2
1
14.6
1
1
1 20.7
S82FL-061-011-5
E2
124-341
0.2
I
13.1
I
61.4
1
1
S82FL-061-011-6
Btgl
134-401
0.1
1
9.0
1
42.1
1
14.4
1
S82FL-061-011-7
Btg2
140-491
0.2
1
10.1
1
44.4
1
14.1
1 13.6
S82FL-061-011-8
Cgkl
149-561
0.4
1
10.5
1
41.3
1
1
S82FL-061-011-9
Cgk2
156-801
0.9
7.4
35.7
1
17.6
S82FL-061-011-10
Cg
i 0.6
i 9.3
42.8
i 21.8
1 1
1
1
1
1
Water
1 content
Bulk
density
(field
I I
1 1/101
I barl
I
1/3 1
bar I
15
bar
moisture)(
I
G/cc
)I
I----- NCT
I I
twtj
I
----
---
1.53
1 3.81
1 2.71
1.91
2.01
0.9
0.9
1.56
1 1.55
1 1.58
1 3.01
1 2.61
2.71
2.31
0.9
0.7
105.4 1 1 38 1 2 61 1_71 0.4
143 5 1 47 1 2 31 1 61 0.3
22.6
11.2
8.5
0.8
1.09 ' 20.3
1.53 1 7.3
1.41 1 11.3
1.48 21.0
3.8 '
97.3
' 0.0
'
2.7 '
24.3
' 1.35
' 9.
4.6 1
98.3
1 0.0
1
1.7 1
27.6
1 1.52
1 5.
4.9 1
97.4
1 0.4
I
2.2 I
35.5
1 1.42
1 5.
4.0 1
98.0
1 0.6
1
1.4 1
50.6
1 1.39
1 5.
5.4 1
98.4
1 0.0
1
1.6 1
48.0
1 1.46
1 4.
5.1 1
96.4
1 2.1
1
1.5 1
20.7
1 1.42
1 9.
9.4
90.6
8.0
1.4
30.9
1.38
8.
98.9 1 0.0
98.5 1 0.4
97.0 1 1.4
66.8 1 5.2
69.9 1 4.7
67.1 1 9.5
63.7 1 13.8
76.2 i 5.8
1
1.1
1.1
1.6
28.0
25.4
23.4
22.5
18.0
11.0
69.7
68.4
31.6
0.1
10.0
11.2
0.0
0.2
' 0.40
0.40
' 1.54
1 1.62
1 1.62
1 1.71
1 1.78
1 1.84
1.82
1
139.3
148.8
3.5
3.9
20.4
17.9
13.6
14.5
13.8
14.8' 6.5
3.71 0.7
7.11 1.8
17.81 6.9
1
7.01 2.3
4.31 1.2
4.01 0.6
4.41 1.3
3.81 1.0
6.71 2.0
6.1, 1.2
115.7'37.2
110 0 26.9
2.61 0.3
1 2.71 0.2
1 18.61 9.5
1 15�41 8.1
1 11:81 5.4
1251 6.0
11.11 5.6
I 1
N
O
-A.
Soil name and
sample number
Electra:
S82FL-061-007-1
S82FL-M I-007-2
S82FL-061-007-3
S82FL-Ml-007-4
S82FL-061-007-5
S82FL-061-007-6
S82FL-061-007-7
S82FL-061-007-8
Floridana:
S83FL-061-017-1
S83FL-061-017-2
S83FL-061-017-3
S83FL-061-017-4
S83FL-061-017-5
S83FL-061-017-6
S83FL-061-017-7
S83FL-061-017-8
S83FL-061-017-9
Gator:
S83FL-061-016-1
S83FL-061-016-2
S83FL-061-016-3
S83FL-061-016-4
S83FL-061-016-5
S83FL-061-016-6
S83FL-061-016-7
S83FL-061-016-8
Immokalee:
S82FL-061-003-1
S82FL-061-003-2
S82FL-061-003-3
S82FL-061-003-4
S82FL-MI-003-5
S82FL-061-003-6
S82FL-061-003-7
S82FL-061-003-8
S82FL-061-003-9
Depth Horizon'
I
In I I
I
0- 51 A 1
5-171 El 1
17-301 E2 1
30-331 Bhl 1
33-361 Bh2 1
36-471 EB 1
47-591 Btgl 1
59-721 Btg2 11
0- 5'
5-14�
14-20�
20-30
30-34
34-371
37-531
53-68
68-80�,
Ap
A
E
Btgl
Btg2
BCg
Cgkl
Cgk2
Cgk3
0- 6� Oap
6-261 Oa
26-301 Cgl
30-441 Cg2
44-491 Cg3
49-541 Cg4
54-621 Cg5
62-801 Cg6
I
0- 81 Ap
8-131 E1
13-331 E2
33-361 Bhl
36-411 Bhl
41-471 Bh3
47-641 BC
64-721 Bhb
72-801 C
TABLE 19.--PHYSICAL AWALYSIS OF SELECTED SOILS --Continued
Particle -size
Sand
Very
(Coarse
Medium
I Fine
coarsel(1.0-
1 (0.5-
1(0.25-
(2.0-
1 0.5)
1 0.25)1
0.1) 1
1.0)
1
1
1
Mm
! Mm
Mm
! Mm
0.0 '
3.2
' 33.6
' 47.4
0.1 1
3.5
1 30.2
1 47.0
0.1 1
4.5
1 28.2
1 48.5
0.1 1
4.0
1 25.6
1 44.1
0.0 1
3.6
1 23.4
1 43.0
0.0 1
3.4
1 23.2
1 44.0
0.0
4.0
27.2
38.8
0.1 ; 4.4 ; 28.8 ; 38.4
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
1.8
1.0
5.4
0.6
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.7
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.5
10.2
14.4
8.2
7.6
7.4
7.6
10.0
5.6
6.6
5.0
5.4
5.2
7.1
7.9
3.8
3.0
3.1
3.5
2.9
3.3
3.5
3.2
3.1
47.5
47.7
51.4
35.8
35.0
26.2
27.6
24.4
26.6
28.6
23.0
22.6
23.2
25.4
31.7
48.2
49.5
47.8
42.3
40.2
40.4
42.0
41.3
40.6
29.5
31.0
28.0
22.7
23.1
18.0
20.0
19.6
31.4
23.1
17.2
17.0
17.4
17.9
22.9
40.1
39.8
41.3
38.5
41.1
42.5
45.0
46.5
44.0
distr
Very
fine
(0.1-
0.05)
Mm
13.6
17.1
16.5
15.5
16.8
18.8
10.0
7.7
4.3
4.5
3.9
3.4
3.7
3.2
3.8
5.2
7.6
8.5
5.4
5.6
5.6
5.1
7.2
4.6
5.3
5.9
4.1
5.3
5.8
5.4
4.6
4.3
_button
Total
(2.0-
0.05)
Mm
97.8
97.9
97.8
89.3
86.8
89.4
80.0
79.4
92.1
93.1
98.0
70.3
69.6
56.6
60.0
64.6
71.8
Silt ; Clay
Hydraulic
(0.05-1(<0.002) 1 conduc-
0.002)1 1 tivity
11(saturated)'
MM MID Cm/hr
1.1
1.5
1.5
5.4
6.4
6.9
2.8
2.7
2.1
2.3
1.4
5.5
6.9
22.4
21.0
15.4
7.2
67.0 1 11.5
50.6 1 16.2
50.6 1 14.4
51.6 1 15.0
56.2 1 19.6
70.4 9.4
1.1
0.6
0.7
5.3
6.8
3.7
17.2
17.9
5.8
4.1
0.6
24.2
23.5
21.0
19.0
20.0
21.0
21.5
33.2
35.0
33.4
24.2
20.2
24.3
17.1
16.8
22.6
4.5
10.7
0.3
0.5
96.6
' 1.7
' 1.7
' 30.3
97.6
1 1.5
1 0.8
1 41.4
98.1
1 1.0
1 0.9
1 25.6
88.4
1 7.1
1 4.5
1 26.3
89.5
1 5.5
1 5.0
1 21.6
92.0
1 3.5
1 4.5
1 11.0
95.9
1 2.2
1 1.9
1 27.9
95.6
1 2.9
1 1.5
1 9.2
92.0
i 2.5
i 5.5
i 8.0
Water
content
Bulk I I I
density 1 1/101 1/3 1 15
(field I barl bar I bar
moisture)( rI I
G/cc I-----1'�cT t(vtj - ----
I I I
1.49 1 5.71 3.61 1.3
1.56 1 4.41 3.11 0.9
1.54 1 3.91 2.11 0.8
1.28 1 17.81 14.51 4.0
1.30 1 24.91 20.81 6.5
1.52 1 8.91 6.11 1.6
1.63 1 19.41 17.11 7.2
1.66 1 16.51 14.11 5.8
1.39
1.17
1.47
1.21
1.32
1.45
1.52
1.55
1.62
7.8
9.6
3.9
19.5
16.9
13.7
5.9
8.9
6.8
4.81.5
7.51 1.7
2.61 0.6
15.01 2.3
12.81 2.4
10.61 2.7
4.21 0.9
6.51 1.1
4.2! 0.9
7
7
m
n
0
c
7
17
0
n
w
N
CD
CA
Soil name and
sample number
DepthlHorizon'
I
I
In
I
Jonathan:
S83FL-061-019-1
S83FL-061-019-2
1 0- 31
1
A
S83FL-061-019-3
3-261
126-511
E
151-751
E
S83FL-061-019-4
S83FL-061-019-5
175-801
E
Bbm
i
Jupiter: 1
S82FL-061-009-1 1 0- 5
S82FL-061-009-2 5-12
Manatee:
'
S82FL-061-005-1
1 0- 3
S82FL-061-005-2
1 3- 8
S82FL-061-005-3
1 8-16'
116-30
S82FL-061-005-4
130-42'
S82FL-061-005-5
142-54
982FL-061-005-6
154-74'
982FL-061-005-7
Orsino:
S83FL-061-020-1
10- 2
S83FL-061-020-2
12-23'
123-26'
S83FL-061-020-3
126-43'
S83FL-061-020-4
143-62'
S83FL-061-020-5
162-8011
S83FL-061-020-6
Palm Beach:
1
S83FL-061-020-1
S83FL-061-020-2
10- 61
16-18'
S83FL-061-020-3
118-49
S83FL-061-020-4
149-80'I
Paola:
S82FL-061-013-1
I
10-
S82FL-061-013-2
2
1
S82FL-061-013-3
2- 9
1
S82FL-061-013-4
9-121
112-361
S82FL-061-013-5
136-581
S82FL-061-013-6
1158-80�
Al
A2
Ap
A
BA
Bt
Btgl
Btg2
Cq
A
E
Bwl&Bh
Bw2&Bh li
BC
C
A
Cl
C2
C2
A
E
B/E
Bw
Bw
Bw
TABLE 19.--P]
Partii
S1
Very {Coarse IMedium
coarsel(1.0- 1 (0.5-
(2.0- 1 0.5) 1 0.25)
1.0) I I
Mm ` Mm i Mm
{ I
0.1 1 15.1 1 65.1
0.2 1 16.0 1 61.9
0.3 1 17.4 1 57.3
0.8 1 18.6 1 56.3
0.1 i 12.7 i 56.7
0.0 1 1.2 1 28.4
0.0 1.6 28.3
0.1 1 4.2 1 42.3
0.0 1 3.9 1 42.7
0.0 1 3.1 1 39.3
0.0 1 3.4 1 37.5
0.0 1 3.6 I 38.9
0.0 1 4.2 1 42.8
2.8 ; 11.2 46.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
10.2 '
10.8 1
3.1 1
3.6
9.2 '
8.2 1
8.2 1
8.3 1
7.8 1
9.3
i
8.5
8.0
7.3
7.4
6.6
5.5
64.9
63.6
61.3
65.8
73.6
69.8
69.7 1
68.2
61.2
60.1
fYSICAL
:le-si zE
ind
17.4
19.5
22.3
22.1
23.5
52.6
52.2
32.0
31.2
32.5
30.1
31.1
29.4
25.2
72.4
73.7
71.8
72.7
74.4
71.4
21.3
22.8
33.8
29.1
16.3
19.8
20.2
20.6
27.2
27.0
i
ANALYS:
distri
Very
f ine
1(0.1-
` 0.05)I
Mm
1.3
1.5
1.9
1.2
0.4
I
12.8
12.4
6.6
6.1
7.2
6.9
6.9
5.0
2.8 !
16.1
15.4
15.1
15.1
15.2
15.3
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.3 '
0.6
0.7 1
0.6 1
1.0 1
1.1
:S OF SELECTED SI
bution
i Silt
Total 1
(2.0- 1(0.05-
0.05) 10.002)
Mm i Mm
I
99.0 1 0.8
99.1 ( 0.2
99.2 1 0.4
99.0 i 0.1
93.4 3.3
95.0 1 4.9
94.5 i 2.4
85.2 1 5.0
83.9 I 8.5
82.1 1 7.5
77.9 1 10.4
80.5 1 4.3
81.4 1 5.6
88.4 4.6
97.3
97.4
94.5
95.5
96.5
92.4
97.4
97.9
98.7
98.9
99.5
98.4
98.8
97.7
97.2
97.6
)ILS--Continued
I I j Plater
I I I content
Clay
Hydraulic { Bulk 1 {
(<0.002) 1 conduc- 1 density 1 1/101 1/3 1 15
1 tivity 1 (field 1 barl bar I bar
` i(saturated)lmoisture)I I )I
Mm i Cm/hr i G/cc-----�cttvtl-----
I
0.2
1 ---
1 ---
0.7
1 ---
1 ---
0.4
1 ---
1 ---
0.9
1 ---
1 ---
3.3
i
---
i ---
I
0 1
I
{
� 3.1
1 ---
_--
�
9.8
I
1 12.2
I
I 1.21
7.6
1 6.0
1 1.44
10.4
+ 1.9
1 1.46
11.7
1 0.0
I 1.61
15.2
I 0.0
1 1.60
13.0
i 0_1
: 1_57
7.0
2.3 '
0.4 ' ---
' ---
1.3 I
1.3 I ---
I ---
1.8 1
3.7 1 ---
1 ---
1.8 1
2.7 I ---
I ---
1.0 1
2.5 1 ---
` ---
3.6
4.0 ! ---
---
0.9 '
1.7
0.7 1
1.4
0.3 I
1.0
0.2
0.9
0.0 1
0.5
0.6 1
1.0
0.2 1
1.0
0.5 1
1.8
0.4 1
2.4
0.5
1.9
67.1
94.7
101.3
146.0
130.1
128.5
24.01 18.51
17.51 13.41
16.41 14.11
16.51 14.21
18.11 15.71
16_21 13 6
I
7.9
5.2
5.7
5.1
5.7
5_4
N
O
O
' 1.39
1 1.42
' 7.9
1 4.21
5.3'
2.81
2.1
1.0
1
1
1.62
1
2.41
1
1.51
0.3
1.56
1 1.48
2.51
1
1.51
0.5
0
191
1.21
0.4
1.52
1 2:01
1.11
0.3
m
1<
Soil name and
sample number
I I
DepthlHorizonl Very
I (coarse
I 1(2.0-
I I 1.0)
In i I
I I
Pepper:
S82FL-061-010-1
S82FL-061-010-2
1 0- 21
12-
Al I
I
0.1
S82FL-061-010-3
81
18-221
A2
1
0.2
S82FL-061-010-4
122-271
E
1
0.3
S82FL-061-010-5
127-321
Bh
1
0.5
132-391
Bhm
1
0.3
S82FL-061-010-6
B'h
0.4
S82FL-061-010-7
139-471
BE 1
0.5
S82FL-061-010-8
147-601
Btq I
0.5
Perrine Variant: I I
S82FL-061-001-1 1 0- 61 Ap
S82FL-061-001-2 1 6-201 Ckgl
S82FL-061-001-3 120-241 Ckg2
St. Lucie: 1 1
S82FL-061-014-1 1 0- 31 A
S82FL-061-014-2 1 3-301 C
S82FL-061-014-3 130-561 C
S82FL-061-014-4 156-801 C
TABLE 19.--PHYSICAL ANALYSIS OF SELECTED SOILS --Continued
Particle -size distribution
Sand
Coarse (Medium I Fine (Very I Total
(1.0- 1 (0.5- 1(0.25-1fine 1 (2.0-
0.5) 1 0.250 0.1) 1(0.1- 1 0.05)
1 1 1 0.05)1
Mm 11 Mm 11 Mm 1 Mm 1 Mm
19.4 ' 66.5
13.5 I 69.0
13.5 1 64.3
13.7 1 59.1
13.1 1 60.0
11.3 l 58.5
14.2 1 60.2
13.3 i 53.8
I
6.5 1 19.6
5.9 I 10.9
8.6 i 11.1
Silt i Clay
Silt I Clay
(005-1(<0.002)
0.;02)!
Mm
12.8 1 0.6 1 99.4 1 0.1
15.1 '
0.9 '
98.7
' 0.5
19.1 1
1.8 1
99.0
I 0.1
18.4 1
1.6 1
93.3
1 2.9
20.0 1
1.7 l
95.1
I 1.2
20.3 I
1.9 1
92.4
1 1.8
18.1 1
1.8 1
94.8
1 1.9
13.9 i
1.1
82.6
i 2.1
35.6 1
8.9 1
71.7
l 13.2
21.7 I
7.7 1
48.3
l 26.6
19.9
8.4
54.2
21.0
' 0 0 '
:
8.3 '
67.8 122.7
'
1.0 '
99.8
1 00 l
8.9 1
66.6 1
22.9 1
1.1 1
99.5
1 0�1 l
16.1 1
63.8 118.2
I
1.0 I
99.2
0.3 i
23.3 i
60.5 i
14.7 i
0.7 i
99.5
0.5
0.8
0.9
3.8
3.7
5.8
3.3
15.3
15.1 '
25.1 1
24.9
0.0 ' 0.2
0.1 1 0.4
0.1 1 0.7
0.0 i 0.5
I
Hydraulic ' Bulk
conduc- density
tivity
' (field
(saturated)lmoisture)I
Cm/hr
i G/cc
128.0
I
I 1.31
105.0
1 1.50
93.3
1 1.59
2.0
1 0.94
2.5
1_44
6.8
I �
1 0.89
4.3
1 1.26
2.6
1.36
69.0 ' 1.55
101.0 1 1.63
124.5 1 1.52
125.3 1.58
Hater
content
1/101 1/3 1 15
barl bar i bar
I I
----�ct(wtj-----
�T
I I
5.21 4.11 1.5
3.61 2.81 0.9
3.81 3.31 0.6
46.21 38.01 9.1
17 01 14_11 3_4
38.2 3101113.0
26.11 22:8115.5
24.O1 21.2110.4
3.41 2.61 1.5
2.21 1.91 0.8
2.31 1.91 0.6
1.61 1.21 0.3
a
m
0
0
c
1Z
0
a
0)
N
O
4
Soil name
and
sample number
Archbold:
S82FL-061-006-1
S82FL-061-006-2
S82FL-061-006-3
S82FL-061-006-4
S82FL-061-006-5
Astatula:
S82FL-061-015-1
S82FL-061-015-2
S82FL-061-015-3
S82FL-061-015-4
S82FL-061-015-5
S82FL-061-015-6
Boca:
S82FL-061-002-1
S82FL-061-002-2
S82FL-061-002-3
S82FL-061-002-4
Canaveral:
S82FL-061-008-1
S82FL-061-008-2
S82FL-061-008-3
S82FL-061-008-4
S82FL-061-008-5
S82FL-061-008-6
S82FL-061-008-7
Canova :
S82FL-061-011-1
S82FL-061-011-2
S82FL-061-011-3
S82FL-061-011-4
S82FL-061-011-5
S82FL-061-011-6
S82FL-061-011-7
S82FL-061-011-8
S82FL-061-011-9
S82FL-061-011-10
See footnote
TABLE 20.--CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF SELECTED SOILS
I I Extractable bases I Ex- 1
DepthlHori- I ' ' Itracta-I Sum
I zon I I I I I 1 ble I of
I I Ca i Mg i Na i K i Sum i acid- i cat -
I I I I I I I ity I ions
In 1 1---- Milliequivalents/100 grams of soil---
0- 21
2-181
18-381
38-511
51-801
1
0- 4�
1 4- 5�
5-141
14-441
44-711
71-801
0- 71
1 7-141
114-20
20-24
1
A
C1
Cl
C2
C3
I I I I I I
--- 10.0610.0110.011 0.081 ---
---
10 01100110.001 0.021 0.35 1 0.48
0.0410.0110:0110.001 0 061 0,32 1 0.38
0.0410.0110.0110.001 0 061 0.22 1 0,28
0.05!0.01!0.01!0.00! 0.07! 0.75 1 0.82
Or_ I I pH
Base I ganiclElectri-IH2O'CaC12'KC1
satu- Icarbonl cal I I I1N
ration) I conduc-1(1:10.1M I(l,
I I tivity 1 1)i(1:2)1 1)
Pct i Pct i Mmho/cmI I I
I I I I I
- - 1 0.37 1 0.02 1---1 --- 1---
27 1 0.12 1 0.01
16 1 0.07 1 0.01 16.51 5.8 15.6
21 1 0.09 1 0.01 16.11 5 4 14.8
9 1 0.08 1 0.01 15.81 4.8 14.3
N
O
OD
Citrate
Pyrophosphate 1 dithio-
extractable I nite
lextracta-
C I Fe I Al 1 ble
I I I Al i Fe
Pct lat 1Pct iPct 1 Pct
A 0.19'0 060.02 0.01 0.28 --- I ---' --- ' 0.45 0.02 '5.4' 4.4 '4 0' ---' ---' ---' ---' ---
A/C 1 0.0610 0210.0210.011 0.11 --- I --_I --- 10.36 1 0.02 15.21 4.4 I4.11 --_I_--
C1 1 0,0310 0210:0110.011 0.071 --- I ---I --- 1 0.27 1 0.01 15.81 5.0 14.71 ---1 ---1 ---10 0210.24
C2 1 0.0110:0110.0110.001 0.031 --- I ---I --- 1 0.12 1 0.01 15,51 5.2 15.01 ---I ---1---10*0410,27
C2 1 0.0210 0110.0110.001 0 041 ___ I ___I ___ 1 0.09 1 0.02 15.11 5 0 14.91 ___I ___1 ___10 0510.34
C3 0.03�0.02�0.01�0.011 0.071 ___ � ___� ___ 1 0.14 1 0.02 15.11 5.0 ;5.0! ---� ---1---;0.11;0.38
Ap ' 9.07'1.97'0.06'0.23'11.33' 3.33 ' 14.66
E 1 1.5010 3710:0310.051 1.95 0.76 I 2.71
Bw 1 2.9011:0710.1210.241 4.331 1.79 1 6.12
Bt 1 8.6213.9110.6410:59113.761 2.73 1 16.49
0- 51 A ' 6.90'0.82'
5- 91 Cl 1 1.0210.17
1 9-171 C2 1 5.8210.21
117-341 C3 Ill 0510.14'
134-491 C3 112.0710.14
149-611 C4 118001047
61-801 C5 115:9410:58
I I I I
1 0- 61 Oap 128.7515.76
1 6-121 Oa 123.5011.48
112-131 A 1 4.9510.22
113-211 E1 1 0.6410 03
121-241 E2 1 0.9010.06
124-341 Btgl 113.5211.56
134-401 Btg2 125.5011.44
140-491 Cgkl 1280011.32
149-561 Cgk2 130:0011.15
156-801 Cg 122.75.11.07
at end of table,
0.1210.101 7.94 4.05 11.88
0.0410.031 1.26 1.55 1 2.81
0.1410.051 6.22 1.98 1 8.20
0.0910.01111 291 0.00 1 11.29
0.1010.01112 321 0.00 1 12.32
0.2710.01118 751 0.00 1 18.75
1.27!0.01117.80! 0,00 ! 17.80
0.59
0.63
0.12
0.03
0.04'
0.29
0.25i
0.25
0.18
0.13
1.38
0.41
0.05
0.01
0.01
0.13
0.07
0.11
0.11
0.06
36.48' 97.20
26.021 73.93
5.341 7.10
0.71I 0.00
1.011 0.00
0.421 4.75
27.261 3.23
29.681 2.46
31.441 2.29
24.011 1,26
133.68
99.95
12.44
0.71
1.01
5.17
30.49
32.14
33.73
25.27
77 ' 2.31
72 1 0.56
71 1 0.68
83 ! 0.68
66 ' 1.69
45 1 0.30
76 1 0.42
100 10.18
100 1 0.15
100 1 0.10
100 0.04
27
26
43
100
100
89
92
93
95
50.03
31.49
3.08
0.34
0.18
0.54
0.21
0.22
0.18
0.12
0.15 '7.9'
0.07 17.9�
0.07 17.81
0.12 18.0
0.09
0.03
0.09 1---
0.08 17.2'
0.10 17.41
0.14 17.6'
0.65 17.6�
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.09
0.10
0.08
0.08
4.4
4.6
5.1�
6.2�
6.5
5.8
7.7
7.81
8.11
8.31,
6.9 8.1' ---' ---' ---' ---' ---
7.0 I8.31 ---I ---1 ---1 ---1 ---
6.9 18.21 ---1 ---1 ---1 ---1 ---
7.1 ;7.9� ---! ---!---10.1211.22
5.8 16.51
6.3 17.41
65 18.21
6,.5 !8.5!
4.1 13.91
4.2 14.11
4.5 14.51
5.6 15.61
6.1 I6.01
5.4 14.91
7.2 17.11
7,4 17.41
7,7 17.61
7.6 17.61
0.04'
0_04I
0.16
0_23
U)
0
U)
c
z
m
TABLE 20.--CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF SELECTED SOILS --Continued
1 1 1 1 1
I I I Extractable bases I Ex- 1
Soil name IDepthlHori- I Itracta-1 Sum
and I I zon I I I I I I ble I of
sample number 1 1 1 Ca 1 Mg 1 Na 1 K 1 Sum I acid- 1 cat -
I
ity ions I I I I I I I I
I In I 1 ---Millie ival
Electra:
ents/100 grams of soil---
- 1 I I I� I I0.41I I
S82FL-061-007 1 0 5 A 0.26 0.11 0.03 0.01 3.40 3.81
S82FL-061-007-2 1 5-171 E1 1 0.0410 0210.0110.001 0.071 0.86 1 0.93
S82FL-061-007-3 117-301 E2 1 0.04 0.0110.01 0.00 0.06 0.74 1 0.80
S82FL-061-007-4 130-331 Bhl 0.31 0.1610.07 0.02 0.561 11.36 1 11.92
S82FL-061-007-5 133-361 Bh2 1 0.2310�1010.1610.021 0�511 29.04 1 29.55
S82FL-061-007-6 136-471 EB 1 0.0610.0210.0310.001 0:111 7.54 1 7.65
S82FL-061-007-7 147-591 Btgl 1 04210:82101410.051 1431 9.09 1 10.52
S82FL-061-007-8 159-721 Btg2 1 0:5411.1910:1510.071 1.951 9.48 1 11.43
Floridana: I I I I I I I I I
S83FL-061-017-1 1 0- 51 Ap 114.7511 2810.0510.36116 441 3.17 1 19.61
S83FL-061-017-2 1 5-141 A 10.0010.99 0.04 0.22111.25 3.98 1 15.23'
S83FL-061-017-3 114-201 E 1 0 3710 0710.0010.021 0.46 0.52 1 0.98�
S83FL-061-017-4 120-301 Btgl 19.7511.89 0.32 0.18122.14 5.69 1 27.83�
S83FL-061-017-5 130-341 Btg2 128.0011 4410.3110.11129861 4.50 1 34.36�
S83FL-061-017-6 134-371 BCg 145.0010.9910.2610.09146�341 3.61 1 49.951
S83FL-061-017-7 137-531 Cgkl 144.0010 9010.241009145:231 3.28 1 48.511
S83FL-061-017-8 153-681 Cgk2 136.0011�07102110:07137 351 3.49 1 40.841
S83FL-061-017-9 168-801 Cgk3 136.0012:0210:1910.14138:351 5.41 1 43.76
Gator: I I I I I I I I I I
S83FL-061-016-1 1 0- 61 Oap 77.25 8.44 0.60 0.54 86.83 40.06 1126.881
S83FL-061-016-2 1 6-261 Oa 170 5O 7.82 1.16 Oo27 79751 75.63 1155.381
S83FL-061-016-3 126-301 Cgl 120.0010 8210.3510.14121.311 12.86 1 34.171
S83FL-061-016-4 130-441 Cg2 27.00 2.06 0.53 0.30 29.89 11.91 1 41.801
S83FL-061-016-5 144-491 Cg3 135.7512.0610.5210.34138�671 9.27 1 47.941
S83FL-061-016-6 149-541 Cg4 134.2512 0610.5110:32137:141 7.76 1 44.901
S83FL-061-016-7 154-621 Cg5 142.5011�2310.3910.22144�341 4.60 1 48.941
S83FL-061-016-8 162-801 Cg6 133:7511:0310.4710:18135:431 3.81 1 39.241
Immokalee: I I I I I I I I I I
S82FL-061-003-1 1 0- 81 Ap 1 1.01 0.34 0.04 0.12 1.511 6.73 1 8.241
S82FL-061-003-2 1 8-131 E1 1 0.1610 1010.0210.031 0.391 2.18 1 2.491
S82FL-061-003-3 113-331 E2 1 0.14 0.0310.01 0.01 0.191 0.99 1 1.181
S82FL-061-003-4 133-361 Bhl 1 0.41 0.2210.10 0.11 0.841 20.70 1 21.541
S82FL-061-003-5 136-411 Bh2 1 0.21 0.1310.04 0.08 0.461 22.00 1 22.461
S82FL-061-003-6 141-471 Bh3 1 0.1710�1110.0610.041 0.381 21.67 1 22.051
S82FL-061-003-7 147-641 BC 1 0:0510:0210:0310.021 0 121 9.51 1 9.671
S82FL-061-003-8 164-721 Bhb 1 0.0410 0110.0210:011 0:081 6.59 1 6.671
S82FL-061-003-9 172-801 C 1 0.0610.0510.0310.031 0.171 5.50 1 5.671
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 Or- 1
Base I ganiclElectri-
satu- Icarbonl cal
ration1 conduc-
11 tivity
Pct ! Pct
11 ' 0.57
8 1 0.07
8 1 0.05
5 1 1.63
2 1 2.43
1 1 0.49
14 1 0.15
7 ; 0.12
84
74
47
80
87
93
93
91
88
68
51
62
72
81
83
91
90
18
12
16
4
2
2
1
1
3
2.16
1.72
0.15
0.23
0.16
0.12
0.08
0.02
0.03
45.38
150.78
1 2.11
1 0.41
1 0.33
1 0.27
1 0.19
1 0.12
1
1.40
0.43
0.22
4.89
2.90
1.58
1.07
0.59
0.32
Mmho/cm
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.06
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.05
0.01
0.09
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.09
0.05
0.02
0.05
0.16
0.11
0.09
0.06
0.04
0.06
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.07
0.07
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.06
pH
H2O'CaC12
(1.1O.1M
1)1(1:2)
I
4.6
14.6
14.7
14.1
14.2
14.1
I
I
17.1
16.6
16.5
16.2
17.5
17.8
17.9
17.9
.7.7
'5 81
14_7_
1---1
17 01
17:61
1791
18.11
6.0
1581
15.81
14.31 4.1
14'31
14:51
1451
14 31
1 1
3.7
4.1
4.4
3.8
4.0
4.2
3.8
3.9
6.9
6.5
6.2
6.1
7.4
7.7
7.8
7.8
7.6
5.3
4�4
7,1
7.4
7.7
7.5
5.0
4.1
4.3
3.1
2.2
3.3
3.9
4.2
4.0
1
I Pyro]
KC11 ext:
1N 1
(1:1 C
1)
'Pct
I
3.41 ---
4.0 ---
4.41 ---
3.810.67
4.011.68
4.31 ---
1 --
3.9! ---I
5 2
' Citrate
>hosphate 1 dithio-
-actable I nite
Iextracta-
Fe I Al 1 ble
Al i Fe
Pat 1Pct 1Pct 1 Pct
i I I I
0.0110.1310.0810.02
0_1210_5510_6410_19
I 10.0910.30
I I I
-10 0410.11
0_0410_09
I I I
14-31 ---1 ---1 ---
17.41 ---I ---I ---
!7.8! ---! ---! ---
15.31 ---I ---I ---
15.11 ---1 ---I ---
13.411 5010.0010.15'
13.412 43I0.0010:22
13.511_6010_0110_20
4 1
14.510_1110_0110_12
14.41 I I
1 1 I
I
_I
0.0910.02
0.1310.01
0_1710_02
0_1010_01
I
a
m
1
0
0
c
0
M.
w
See footnote at end of table, ro
0
c0
Soil name
and
sample number
Jonathan:
S83FL-061-019-1
S83FL-061-019-2
S83FL-061-019-3
S83FL-061-019-4
S83FL-061-019-5
Jupiter:
S82FL-061-009-1
S82FL-061-009-2
Manatee:
S82FL-061-005-1
S82FL-061-005-2
S82FL-061-005-3
S82FL-061-005-4
S82FL-061-005-5
S82FL-061-005-6
S82FL-061-005-7
Orsino:
S83F7,-061-018-1
S83FL-061-018-2
S83FL-061-018-3
S83FL-061-018-4
S83FL-061-018-5
S83FL-061-018-6
Palm Beach:*
S83FL-061-020-1
S83FL-061-020-2
S83FL-061-020-3
S83FL-061-020-4
Paola:
S82FL-061-013-1
S82FL-061-013-2
S82FL-061-013-3
S82FL-061-013-4
S82FL-061-013-5
S82FL-061-013-6
I I
DepthiHori-
zon
I
i
In
0- 31 A
3-261 E
26-511 E
51-751 E
75-80I Bhm
0- 51 Al
5-121 A2
I I
1 0- 31 Ap
1 3- 81 A
1 8-161 BA
116-301 Bt
130-421 Btgl
142-541 Btg2
54-7411 Cg
I {
1 0- 21 A
1 2-231 E
123-26IBwl&Bb
126-431Bw2&Bh
143-621 BC
62-801 C
I {
1 0- 61 A
1 6-181 Cl
118-491 C2
49-80` C2
I {
1 0- 21 A
1 2- 91 E
1 9-121 B/E
112-361 Bw
136-581 Bw
58-801 Bw
TABLE 20.--CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF SELECTED SOILS --Continued
I I
Extractable bases I Ex- 1
I I I I Itracta-1 Sum
ble of
Ca I Mg I Na I K I Sum I acid- 1 cat-
( I I I I ity ions
----Milliequivalents/100 grams of soil---
(
0.3310.0510.0010.001 0.38 2.03
0.05io Ol'O 0010 001 0.061 0.45
0.0410.0110.0010.001 0.051 0.57
0.01100010.0010.001 0.011 0.60
0.1410:O3l003iO.00l 0.201 17.36
8.37il.36iO 0510 24110021 8.25
7.1211.0710.0510.081 8.321 3.20
13.00 2.06 0.08 0.29 15431 6.89
9.35 1.36 0.10 0.17 10981 11.19
7.62 1.77 0.13 0.04 9.561 7.96
8.8513 ' 5010 2410 03112621 6.12
9.1513.9510.5210.07113.691 4.38
18.5013.0910391009122�071 3.34
17.7511.3210.2310.05119.351 1.42
0.15 0.14 0.08 0.04 0.41 4.87
0 , 03 0.02 0.01 0.00 0061 1.83
0.1110.09'0.0610.011 0.271 5.55
006100610.0510.011 0 181 4.33
0:03'0:02'00010001 0 051 1.95
0.09i0.0410.0310.O11 0.171 4.14
21.25il 4410 2610.05123001 1.40
15.501027101710.01115�95' 0.18
12.5010'2210'131001112 861 0.00
11.75`0.1810.1410.O1112.081 0.00
1.32 0.34 0.04 0.02 1.72 1.11
0.36 0.13 0.03 0.01 0.531 0.25
0.1310.0410.0310.011 0.211 ---
0.0410.0310.0410.011 0.121 0.34
0.03'0.0210.0310.011 0.091 0.03
0.06`0.0410.03`O.Oli 0.141 0.01
See footnote at end of table.
2.41
0.51
0.62
0.61
17.56
18.27
11.52
22.32'
22.17
17.52
18.74
18.07
25.41.
20.77
5.28
1.89
5.82
4.51
2.00
4.31
I
24.40
16.13
12.861
12.08!
{ I I I Citrate
I I Or I I ppH (Pyrophosphate I dithio-
I Base I ganiclElectri-IH20 aC12`KC11 extractable I nite
satu- carbon cal 1N extracta-
lrationl { conduc-1(1:10.1M 1(1:1 C I Fe I Al I ble
{ I I tivity 1 1)1(1:2)1 1)1 1 1 1 Al ' Fe
I
I Pct 1 Pct I Mmho/cm1 I I 'Pct 1Pct 1Pct 1Pct I Pct
I I I I -I -I -I -I-
{ { I I I { I I I I I
1 16 1 0.34 1 0.00 15.11 4.4 14 51 ___I
1 12 1 0.01 1 0.00 15.71 5.3 5.61 ---I ---{ ---{ ---I --
1 8 1 0.02 1 0.00 15.71 5.3 15.21 ---1 ---I ---I ---I ---
1 2 1 0,02 1 0.00 15.51 5.3 15.11 ---I ---{ ---I ---I --
1 ± 1,64 ± 0.00 14.71 4.4 14.311.4410.0610.1910.0310.00
I I I I 1 1
14.41 ---I ---I ---I ---I ---
!5.5! ---! ---! ---! ---I ---
55
' 3,53 '
0.06
72
i 1.84 i
0.06
69
1 2.84 1
0.07
50
1 2.40 1
0.05
55
1 1.29 1
0.03
67
1 1.06 1
0.04
76
1 0.42 1
0.09
87
1 0,13 1
0.13
93
i 0.19 i
0.12
8
1 0.86 1
0.01
3
1 0.15 1
0.00
5
1 0.35 1
0.00
4
1 0.21 1
0.01
3
1 0.08 1
0.00
4
` 0.10 i
0.00
94
1 1.36 1
0.02
99
1 0.31 1
0.01
100
100
1 0.09 1
! 0.08 !
0.07
0.08
2.83' 61
0.78! 68
0.461 26
0.121 75
0.15I 7
0.96
0.50
0.28
0.17
0.10
0.06
I I
45
6.21 5..4
1 1
6.51 6.1
5.7 5.5
1541 4.7
15.51 5.0
16.21 5.7
16.81 6.2
1751 65
4.2 3.6
14 91 4.0
14:81 4.3
1481 4.5
14 81 4.6
!4.71 4.5
17.41 7.2
18.31 7.6
18.71 7.8
!8.8I 7.8
0.05 '6.25.6
0.05 15.71 4.5
0.05 15.11 4.3
0.05 15.01 4.4
0.05 14.81 4.4
0.05 !4.71 4.4
15.21 ---I ---I ---I ---I ---
15 11 ---1 ---1 --_10.0210 .04
`.1 ---1 ___I ---IO 02`0_11 65
16.91 --- I --- I --- I --- I ---
13.41 ---I ---I ---I ---I ---
13 91 ---I ---I ---I ---I ---
14.410 4910.0910.06'0.0310.02
`4.6`0_91`0 0710_06`0_04`
.4.7.0_Ol
8---! ---! ---! ---! ---
17.51 ---I ---I ---{ ---I ---
18.51 --_1 ---I ---I ---I __
!9.10
1 ---! ---! ---! ---I ---
14.31 ---1 ---1 ---1 ---I ---
14.11 ---{ ---1 ---I ---I ---
14 31 ---I ---I ---{ ---I ---
4.31 ---1 ---i ---i ---I ---
N
1
C)
cn
o_
cn
c
2
m
Soil name (Depth
and I
sample number I
I
In
Hori-
zon
Pepper:
S82FL-061-010-1 10- 2I Al
S82FL-061-010-2 12- 81 A2
S82FL-061-010-3 1 8-22I E
S82FL-061-010-4 122-271 Bh
S82FL-061-010-5 127-321 Bhm
S82FL-061-010-6 132-391 B'h
S82FL-061-010-7 139-471 BE
S82FL-061-010-8 147-601 Btg
Perrine Variant:
S82FL-061-001-1 1 0- 61 Ap
S82FL-061-001-2 1 6-201 Ckgl
S82FL-061-001-3 120-241 Ckg2
St. Lucie: I I
S82FL-061-014-1 1 0- 31 A I
S82FL-061-014-2 1 3-301 C
S82FL-061-014-3 130-561 C
S82FL-061-014-4 156-801I
C
* Palm Beach data reflect
TABLE 20.--CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF SELECTED SOILS --Continued
I
Extractable bases I Ex- I
I I I j Itracta-1 Sum
ble of
Ca I Mg I Na I K I Sum I acid- I cat -
I I I I I ity I ions
---- Mill iequivalents/100 grams of soil ---
I I I I I I I
0.5510.2010.0210.021 0.791 2.77 1 3.56'
0.1810.0610.0210.011 0.271 0.66 1 0.93
0.0610.0210.0110.001 0.091 0.12 1 0.21
0.3912.1010.3210.011 2.821 41.96 1 44.78
0 2411 1910 2410 001 1.671 31.59 1 33.261
0.0810.1610.0510.001 0*291 8.51 1 8.801
0.0910.1310.0310.001 0'251 1.96 1 2.211
0.4712.0210.1610.051 2.70! 3.80 ! 6.501
1
33501
25..751
27.00
1
0.411
0.021
0.021
0.021
.s effe
I
I
5.7610.30
2.4311.41
1.3611.61
I
01310.02
0:0210.01
00110.00
0:0210.01
acts of sa:
1.37140.93
0.19129.78
0.12130.09
1
0.021 0.58
0.011 0.06
0.001 0.03
0.00! 0.05
tspray beci
4.31
1.38
1.50
I
tue of pi
I
I
45.241
31.161
31.59
oxmity
' Or- ' '
Base I ganiclElectri-IH2O
satu- Icarbonl cal I
ration) I conduc-1(1:
I I tivity 1 1)!
Pct 1 Pct 1 Mmho/cm
22
29
43
6
5
3
11
42
90
96
95
to ocei
1.20
0.52
0.18
7.28
4.94
0.91
0.42
0.25
5.68
2.32
1.00
0.89
0.08
0.03
0.06
m.
I Citrate
pH Pyrophosphate dithio-
CaCl 'KC1I extractable I nite
211N 1 ' ' lextracta-
O.1M 1(1:1 C I Fe I Al I ble
(1:2)1 1)1 I I I Al Fe
1 IPct 1Pct 1Pct 1Pct P c t
0.03 14.71 3.7 13.31 ---1 ---1 ---1 ---I ---
0.02 14.91 3.7 13.51 ---I ---I ---I ---I ---
0.03 14.91 4.1 13.81 ---I ---I ---I ---I ---
0.07 14.01 3.3 3.114.5310 12 0.1910 1610.15
0.07 1401 3.5 13.412.9610:0410.2110:1610.13
0.05 14..81 4.2 14.110.6510.0410.2410.1310.15
0.04 15.111 4.1 I3.9! ---I ---I ---! ---! ---
0.04 ,
0.32
0.55
0.55
0.05
0.01
0.01
0.01
7.2'
8.01
6.5
7.1
16 4'
17.61
---' ---i ---'
--_--- --_I --_
8.31
7.3
18.11
---i ---i ---
4.91
3.8
13 51
---I ---I ---1
5.91
6.11
5.0
5.4
14.61
14.91
---1 ___I ___
---1 ---i ---
N
1
1
212
Soil Survey
Soil name
and
sample number
TABLE 21.--CLAY MINERALOGY OF SELECTED SOILS
Depth
Horizon
I
in I
I
Archbold:
I
I
I
S82FL-061-006-1
I
0- 2
1 A
S82FL-061-006-3
118-38
I Cl I
S82FL-061-006-5
i
51-80
i C3
Astatula:
S82FL-061-015-1
1/ I
0- 4
l A I
S82FL-061-015-4
I/ 114-44
I C2 I
S82FL-061-015-6
I/ i
71-80
i C3
Boca:
S82FL-061-002-1
I
0- 7 I
Ap I
S82FL-061-002-3
114-20
I
Bw I
S82FL-061-002-4
i
20-24 i
Bt
Canaveral:
S82FL-061-008-1
I
0- 5
l A I
S82FL-061-008-4
17-34
I C3 I
S82FL-061-008-7
l
61-80
i C5
Canova:
S82FL-061-011-6
124-34
I Btgl
S82FL-061-011-10 i
56-80
i Cq
Electra:
S82FL-061-007-1
I
0- 5
l A I
S82FL-061-007-4
130-33
I Bhl I
S82FL-061-007-8
i
59-72
i Btg2
Immokalee:
S82FL-061-003-1
I
0- 8
I Ap I
S82FL-061-003-4
133-36
I
Bbi I
S82FL-061-003-9
i
72-80
i C +
Manatee:
I
I I
S82FL-061-005-1
I
0- 3
I Ap I
S82FL-061-005-3
I
8-16
I BA I
S82FL-061-005-5
130-42
I Btgl I
S82FL-061-005-7
i
54-74
i Cq
Paola:
S82FL-061-013-1
2/ I
0- 2
l A I
S82FL-061-013-4
�_/ 112-36
I Bw i
S82FL-061-013-6
i
58-80
i Bw I
Pepper:
I
I I
I
S82FL-061-010-1
I
0- 2
Al
S82FL-061-010-4
1/ 122-27
I Bh I
S82FL-061-010-8
i
47-60
i Btq
Perrine Variant:
S82F7,-061-001-1
3/ I
0- 6
I Ap
S82FL-061-001-3
3/ i
20-24
i Ckg2
See footnotes at
end of
table.
Clap minerals
114 angstroml
Montmorillonitel intergradelKaolinitelQuartz
!
Pat
i Pat i
Pct i Pct
68
I I
I --- I
I
13 I 19
---
I --- I
10 I 90
---
--- i
--- i 100
48
I I
I 22 I
I
7 I 23
18
I 33 I
6 I 43
42
i 21 i
7 i 30
40
I 17 I
8 I 35
36
I 32 I
13 I 19
50
i 25 i
14 i 11
75
I I
I --- I
I
10 I 15
82
I _-_ I
7 I 11
87
i --_ i
6 i 7
70
I I
I --- I
I
21 I 9
88
i --- i
7 i 5
35
I I
I --- I
I
12 I 53
15
I 23 I
21 I 41
54
i --- i
29 i 17
14
I 17 I
9 I 60
36
I --- I
11 I 53
40
i 9 i
39 i 12
86
I --_ I
6 I 8
91
I --_ I
5 I 4
86
I --- I
6 I 8
93
i --- i
4 i 3
32
I I
I 36 I
I
16 I 16
22
I 56 I
15 I 7
29
i 52 i
9 i 10
---
I I
I --- I
I
20 I 80
-
I 11 I
15 I 74
29
i 12
51 8
---
I I
--- I
I
_35 i 61
Indian River County, Florida
213
Soil name
and
sample number
TABLE 21.--CLAY MINERALOGY OF SELECTED SOILS --Continued
Clay minerals
Depth I Horizon I
I 1 114 angstrom'
I I IMontmorillonitel intergrade
In i i Yct Yct
St. Lucie: 1
I I I
S82FL-061-014-1 l/ 1 0- 3 1 A ( 37 1 15 1
S82FL-061-014-4 _ i 56-80 i C I I
l/ Detectable amounts of feldspars present.
'l/ Detectable amounts of dolomite present.
7/ 4 percent chlorite mineral.
'4/ 100 percent chlorite mineral.
Kaolinite'Quartz
Fact i Hct
I
--9 i 39
100
TABLE 22.--ENGINEERING INDEX TEST DATA
[Tests performed
by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) in cooperation with the U.S.
Bureau of Public
Roads, in accordance with standard procedures of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Officials
(AASHTO). See the section "Soil Series and Their Morphology" for location of pedon sampled. NP means
nonplastic]
1 I
I I I
Moisture
I I
Mechanical analysis
I I I ILiquid
densityy
1Plasti-1Maximum'Optimum
Soil name, report
FDOT Classification '
number, horizon, and
depth in inches
I report I ' I Percentage I Percentage I limit
I I AASHT02IOnifiedI smaller than-- I than-- I
I city I dry (moisture
I index Idensityl
number smaller
I I I(Esti- I I I
I I I
No.' No.i No.No. .05 ' .02 '.
1 1 1 I 005 '.002
1 1 I
140 1200 1 1
I I I
mm mm
mated)l 4 10 mm mm
I r I r 1 r r 1 r r r t
r r r
I I I I I I I I I I I I pct
I(
I JLb/ft3 I pct
-
Archbold sand: 4/
I 5 I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I
(S82FL-o61-006=2,3)
Cl -- 2-38
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 { I I 1
I IA-3(00) ISP-SM 1100 1100 1 87 1 6 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 NP
I I I I I I 1 I I I I I
1 1 1
I NP 1 100.1 I 15.4
I I 1
Astatula sand: 4/
I 16 I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I
(S82FL-o61-o15=5)
C2 -- 14-71
I I I 1 I I I I I I I I
1 IA-3(00) !SP !100 !100 83 2 2 2 0 0 NP
I I 1
NP 103.8 13.9
Canaveral fine
sand: 4/
(S821TL-061-008-4)
C3 -- 17-49
Canova muck: 4/
(S82FL-061-011-4,5)
El, E2 -- 13-24
Btgl -- 24-34
Cgkl, Cgk2 -- 40-56
Electra sand: 4/
(S62FL-061-00'1-4,5)
Bbl, Bh2 -- 30-36
Floridan fine
sand: 4/
(S83FL-061-017-4)
Btql -- 20-30
Gator muck: 4/
(S83FL-061-bl6-4)
Cq2 -- 30-44
See footnotes at
1 I
I
8
IA-3(00)
9, 10, 11
11
IA-3 (00)
IA-2-6
A-2-6
6, 7 1
IA-2-4
1 (00)
I
19 I
IA-2-6
17, 18
1 IA-6
and of table.
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
87
100
98
75
81
70
I
92
3
3
29
29
14
2
3
28
27
I
12
0
2
26
25
6
0
I
1
25
19
3
0
I
1
24
16
I
3
100 i100 i 85 i 29 i 29 i 27 i 25 i 25
I I I I r r
100 95 84 46 45 42 31 ; 26
NP
NP
40
30
NP
NP
NP
25
18
I
NP
40 i
26
I
38
27
99.7
104.5
108.1
118.3
98.0
113.8
111.8
15.6
12.7
15.6
N
A
U)
0
U)
c
2
m
1<
Soil name, report
number, horizon, and
depth in inches
Immokalee sand: 5/
(S82FL-061-003-'2,3,4,
5,6)
El, E2 -- 8-33
Bbl, Bh2,
Bh3 -- 33-47
Jonathan sand: 4/
(S83FL-061-019-1,2,
3,4)
E -- 3-75
Manatee loamy sand: 6/1
(S82FL-061-005-4)
Bt -- 16-30
Orsino fine sand: 4/
(S83FL-061-018-3 , 4)
Bvl&Bh,
Bw2&Bh -- 23-43
Palm Beach fine
sand: 7/
(S83FL-061-020-3,4)
C2 -- 18-80
Paola sand:
(S82FL-061-013-4,5,6)1
Bw -- 12-80 I
i
See footnotes at e
FDOT
report
number
Classification
AASHT02jUnified
I(Esti-
mated)
TABLE 22.--ENGINEERING INDEX TEST DATA --Continued
Moisture
Mechanical analysisl den sitp3
' Liquid 1Plas:i-1Maximum'Optimum
Percentage i Percentage I limit i city i dry imoisture
smaller than-- smaller than-- index density
No.' No.' No.' No. 1 .05 ' .02 ' 005 1.002
1 4 1 10 40 206 mm mm mm mm
3 1
SP i100 i100
SP-SM 1100 1100
'A-3(00) ISP 1100 1100
4
A-2-4 ISM -SC 1100 1100
20
A-3(00)
22 I
A-3(00)
14 '
A-3(00)
I i
nd of table.
2, 3
A-3(00)
A-3 (00)
21
SP-SM 1100 1100 1
SP 1100 1100
SP 1100 1100
i i i
90 i 3 i 3 2 1 1
93 9 7 5 ! 2
72
1
0
92 i
20 i
19
99
9
6
0 O
16 i 13
4 2
87 I
2 I
2 I
2
82
3
2
1
Pct I
ILb/ft I
Pct
1
NP I
NP
i 102.1 i
13.4
1 I
NP I
NP
i 101.6 i
14.5
0 I
NP I
NP
i 102.4 i
15.1
12
23
6
106.7
8.0
1 ; NP ; NP ; 102.6 ; 14.6
1 i
1 i
NP
0
0
NP
NP 101.4
NP 105.5
16.3
13.0
n
SD
n
m
n
0
C
D
n
m
Soil name, report
number, horizon, and
depth in inches
Perrine Variant fine
sandy loam: 8/
(S82FL-061-1601-1,2,
3)
Ckgl, Ckg2 -- 6-24�,
St. Lucie sand: 4/
(S82FL-061-014-7,3,4)
C -- 3-80
FDOT
report
number
Classification
AASHT02JUnifiedl
I(Esti- I
mated),
SC
SP
TABLE 22.--ENGINEERING INDEX TEST DATA --Continued
Mechanical analysisl
Percentage
smaller than--
No.' No.' No.' No.
4I10I40I200
100I91I68I29
100 I100 173 I 1
1 1 1
Percentage
smaller than--
28 I 26 I 19 I 14
0 I 0 I 0 I 0
Liquid
limit
Pct
35
NP
' Moisture
density3
Plasti-IMaximum� Optimum
city dry moisture
index Idensityl
I I
ILb/ft3 I Pct
I I
I I
I
15 1108.2 I 16.5
NP 1102.4 I 14.5
l/ Mechanical analyses according to AASHTO designation T88-78. Results by this procedure differ somewhat from results
obtained by the soil survey procedure of the Soil Conservation Service (SCS). In the AASHTO procedure, the fine material is
analyzed by the hydrometer method and the various grain -sized fractions are calculated on the hasis of all the material,
including that coarser than 2 millimeters in diameter. In the SCS soil survey procedure, the fine material is analyzed by the
pipette method and the material coarser than 2 millimeters in diameter is excluded from the calculations of grain -sized
fractions. The mechanical analyses used in this table are not suitable for use in naming textural classes for soil.
2/ Based on AASHTO Designation H145-73.
I/ Based on AASHTO Designation T99-74.
'4/ Typical pedon - See section "Soil Series and Their Morphology" for location of pedons.
5/ Type location: Indian River County, Florida; northwest corner of the intersection of 74th Court and 25th Street SW
south of Vero Beach; SE1/4 sec. 36, T. 33 S., R. 39 E.
6/ Type location: Indian River County, Florida; 1/4 mile south of S.R. 60 on Rings Highway; 256 feet west along field
road just north of citrus trees, then 100 feet north into a field; SE1/4NE1/4SE1/4 sec. 5, T. 33 S., R. 39 E. This
soil is a taxadjunct since the permeability is too slow.
7/ Type location: Indian River County, Florida; 0.7 mile south of Wabasso Beach Park, 300 feet east of S.R. AIA, 100
feet north of trail; NE1/4NW1/4SE1/4 sec. 25, T. 31 S., R. 39 E.
8/ This soil is a taxadjunct to the Perrine series hecause it contains more sand than allowed in the official series.
N
1
Indian River County, Florida
217
TABLE 23.--CLASSIFICATION OF THE SOILS
Soil name i Family or higher taxonomic class
Archbold------------------� Hypertbermic, uncoated Typic Quartzipsamments
Arents--------------------� Arents
Astatula------ ------------� Hyperthermic, uncoated Typic Quartzipsamments
*Boca ---------- ------------� Loamy, siliceous, hypertbermic Arenic Ocbraqualfs
Canaveral-----------------� Hyperthermic, uncoated Aquic Quartzipsamments
Canova--------------------� Fine -loamy, siliceous, byperthermic Typic Glossaqualfs
Captiva-------------------Siliceous, hyperthermic Mollic Psammaquents
Chobee--------------------Fine-loamy, siliceous, byperthermic Typic Argiaquolls
Delray--------------------� Loamy, siliceous, hyperthermic Grossarenic Argiaquolls
EauGallie-----------------Sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic Alfic Haplaquods
Electra ------------------- Sand siliceous, hypertbermic Arenic Ultic Ha lobumods
y► p
Floridana-----------------� Loamy, siliceous, hyperthermic Arenic Argiaquolls
Gator---------------------� Loamy, siliceous, euic, hyperthermic Terric Medisaprists
Holopaw-------------------� Loamy, siliceous, hyperthermic Grossarenic Ochraqualfs
Immokalee-----------------� Sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic Arenic Haplaquods
Jonathan ------------------ Sandy, siliceous, bypertbermic, ortstein Typic Haplobumods
Jupiter ------------------- �°Sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic Litbic Haplaquolls
Kesson--------------------Siliceous, bypertbermic Typic Psammaquents
Lokosee-------------------� Loamy, siliceous, hypertbermic Grossarenic Ocbraqualfs
Malabar ------------------- Loamy, siliceous, byperthermic Grossarenic Ocbraqualfs
Manatee-------------------� Coarse -loamy, siliceous, hyperthermic Typic Argiaquolls
McKee --------------------- Fine, montmorillonitic, nonacid, byperthermic Typic Hydraquents
Myakka--------------------Sandy, siliceous, byperthermic Aeric Haplaquods
Oldsmar ------------------- Sandy, siliceous, byperthermic Alfic Arenic Haplaquods
Orsino--------------------� Hypertbermic, uncoated Spodic Quartzipsamments
Palm Beach----------------� Hypertbermic, uncoated Typic Quartzipsamments
Paola---------------------� Hyperthermic, uncoated Spodic Quartzipsamments
Pepper--------------------) Sandy, siliceous, hypertbermic, ortstein Alfic Haplaquods
Perrine Variant-----------� Fine -loamy, carbonatic, hyperthermic Typic Fluvaquents
Pineda---------------------
� Loamy, siliceous, hypertbermic Arenic Glossaqualfs
*Pomello-------------------� Sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic Arenic Haplobumods
Pompano-------------------i Siliceous, byperthermic Typic Psammaquents
Quartzipsamments---------- Quartzipsamments
Riomar--------------------Fine, montmorillonitic, nonacid, hyperthermic Typic Hydraquents
Riviera-------------------� Loamy, siliceous, bypertbermic Arenic Glossaqualfs
Samsula-------------------� Sandy or sandy -skeletal, siliceous, dysic, hyperthermic Terric Medisaprists
Satellite ----- ------------� Hypertbermic, uncoated Aquic Quartzipsamments
St. Augustine-------------� Sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic Udalfic Arents
St. Lucie-----------------� Hyperthermic, uncoated Typic Quartzipsamments
Terra Ceia-------------- Euic, byperthermic Typic Medisaprists
Wabasso-------------------� Sandy, siliceous, hypertbermic Alfic Haplaquods
Winder --------------------
i Fine -loamy, siliceous, hypertbermic Typic Glossaqualfs
* The soil is a taxadjunct to the series. See text for a description of those characteristics of the soil
that are outside the range of the series.
* U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1986 O - 493-506 : QL 3
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The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its
programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and
where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual
orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an
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employer.
Our records indicate that you have received a copy of the Soil Survey of
Indian River County. Some of the data in Table 1 on page 134 is suspect.
This supplemental table provides more accurate data.
SUPPLEMENTAL TABLE 1.--TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION
I
I Temperature
I
I I IMean number of days
I I (with temperatures of
I I I
Month (Normal (Normal INormal I I
IMonthlyldaily (daily 1 90°F 132
Imean ImaximumlMinimumlor higherlor
I I I I I
I °F I °F I °F I I
I I I I I
Jan. 1 61.9 1 72.2 1 51.6 1 I
I I I I I
Feb. 1 62.5 1 72.8 I 52.2 I I
I I I I I
March 1 67.2 1 77.3 1 57.1 I I
I I I I I
April 171.7 1 81.2 1 62.2 I I
I I I I I
May 176.2 1 85.2 1 67.0 I I
I I I I I
June 1 79.4 1 87.9 1 70.9 I I
I I I I I
July 1 81.1 1 89.7 1 72.4 I I
I I I I I
Aug. 1 81.4 1 89.9 I 72.9 I I
I I I I I
Sept. 1 80.2 1 87.9 1 72.4 I I
I I I I I
Oct. 1 75.2 1 83.3 1 67.1 I I
I I I I I
Nov. 1 68.9 1 77.9 1 59.8 I I
I I I I I
Dec. 1 63.4 1 72.4 1 53.3 I I
I I I I I
Total 1 72.4 1 81.5 I 63.2 I I
I I I I I
REFERENCE
I
I Precipitation
I
I IMean number of days
-- I (with rainfall of --
I I
INormall I
°F 1Total 10.10 inch10.50 inch
lower) I or more Ior more
I I I
I In I I
I I I
1 2.43 I I
I I I
12.86 I I
I I I
13.05 I I
I I I
12.59 I I
I I I
1 4.39 I I
I I I
1 6.52 I I
I I I
15.76 I I
I I I
15.39 I I
I I I
17.96 I I
I I I
15.94 I I
I I I
12.55 I I
I I I
11.97 I I
I I I
151.41 I I
I I I
Climatography of the United States No. 81 (Florida)
Monthly Normal Temperature, Precipitation, and Heating
and Cooling Degree Days 1951-80,
NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
National Climatic Center, Asheville, N.C. Sept. 1982